Abstract:
:Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs constitutes a promising strategy for HIV prevention. Potent PrEP regimens with reverse transcriptase inhibitors can prevent detectable SHIV infection in a repeated low-dose macaque model that resembles human transmission, supporting plans to quickly move this approach into human trials. However, the possibility remains that extremely low levels of virus replication could nonetheless occur during PrEP and seed viral reservoirs in tissues. Therefore, seemingly protected macaques may harbor occult virus that may be initially contained by cytotoxic T cells, but could emerge later. To explore this possibility, we studied whether CD8(+) cells suppress viremia in four rhesus macaques apparently protected by daily or intermittent Truvada (FTC and tenofovir) during 14 low-dose, rectal SHIV(SF162P3) challenges and during a subsequent drug washout period. CD8(+) cells were efficiently ablated with antibodies in these and two additional control macaques that were previously infected but had reached undetectable virus set points. During 4 weeks of follow-up, all four macaques remained free of plasma viremia and provirus in blood lymphocytes. In contrast, plasma viremia resurged to 10(6) to 10(7) copies per milliliter within 2 weeks in both control macaques. Thus, these results indicate that the undetectable viremia in the PrEP-protected macaques was not due to CD8(+) cells that were containing a low-level infection. Rather, the PrEP treatment created conditions in which infection was prevented, eliminated, or controlled by unknown mechanisms. These data provide important information for PrEP usage to prevent HIV transmission, and fully support the continued pursuit of PrEP prevention measures in humans.
journal_name
AIDS Res Hum Retrovirusesjournal_title
AIDS research and human retrovirusesauthors
Kersh EN,Luo W,Adams DR,Mitchell J,Garcia-Lerma JG,Heneine W,Folks TM,Butera S,Otten RAdoi
10.1089/aid.2007.0222subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-01 00:00:00pages
543-6issue
4eissn
0889-2229issn
1931-8405journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The induction of both neutralizing antibodies and non-neutralizing antibodies with effector functions, for example, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), is desired in the search for effective vaccines against HIV-1. In the pursuit of novel immunogens capable of inducing an efficient antibody response, rabb...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2017.0140
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The retroviral integrase protein (IN) is essential for virus replication and, therefore, an attractive target for the development of inhibitors to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Diverse classes of compounds that are active against this protein have been discovered using in vitro assays. Here we de...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922204773004842
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV infection with tenofovir-containing regimens is effective, but plagued by poor adherence in some studies. Options for safe, effective, and acceptable PrEP products, especially for men and women at risk of HIV via receptive anal intercourse (RAI), are needed. We performed a randomi...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0086
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 and HTLV-1 infect CD4(+) T lymphocyte but little is known about the impact of coinfection on patient's immune response. In this study we have evaluated the spontaneous production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ by unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2011.0192
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most HIV-1 transmissions occur at mucosae and involve exposure to semen. Semen contains immunomodulatory factors, which inhibit anti-HIV-1 natural killer cell and T cell responses. We demonstrate high concentrations (1:2 dilution) of seminal plasma (SP) inhibit monocyte phagocytosis and anti-HIV-1 Fc-dependent functio...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2018.0219
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept that HIV causes AIDS only by directly killing CD4 cells has been questioned by a number of investigators. There has been experimental support for a number of indirect mechanisms such as apoptosis, anergy, superantigen-induced cell proliferation and depletion, defective signaling, molecular mimicry, and aut...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/aid.1993.9.287
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although suppression of HIV-1 RNA below the limit of detection is associated with optimal outcomes, many patients can maintain or increase their CD4(+) count for prolonged time periods in the presence of persistent low-level viremia. We followed seven patients with prolonged (>5 years) discordant CD4(+)/viral load (VL...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2005.21.13
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early HIV-1 infection is marked by rapid evolution of both CD8(+) T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope targeting and viral sequences, while chronic infection demonstrates relative stability of these parameters. To examine the interactions of changing CTL targeting and viremia in early infection, we assessed CTL targeting and vi...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0183
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While it is known that selection for specific HIV-1 drug resistance-associated mutations (DRM) occurs following ART failure, the patterns of resistance mutations, reduced susceptibility (RS), and replicative capacity (RC) that appear as the number of major NRTI mutations increases have been less well-studied. These ch...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0188
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Cameroon, in west central Africa, has a relatively low HIV prevalence of 5-6%, all HIV-1 groups (M, N, O, and P), nearly all HIV-1 group M subtypes, and numerous intersubtype recombinant forms have been identified in Cameroon. In this report, we describe the near full-length sequence of 04CMU11421, an HIV-1 g...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0305
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemic modeling suggests that a major scale-up in HIV treatment could have a dramatic impact on HIV incidence. This has led both researchers and policymakers to set a goal of an "AIDS-Free Generation." One of the greatest obstacles to achieving this objective is the number of people with undiagnosed HIV infection. D...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/AID.2013.0274
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Immune activation, which is accompanied by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, is a strong predictor of disease progression in HIV infection. Inflammation is critical in neuronal damage linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. METHODS:We examined the relationship between plasma cytokine l...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2020.0203
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::We used enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, with "purified" human T-cell leukemia virus I (HTLV-I), to test for HTLV-I antibodies in 2583 plasma samples from 1053 leukemia/lymphoma patients treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, mostly between 1972 and 1984, and in 110 sera samples fro...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.617
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To design a vaccine that will remain potent against HIV-1, the immunogenic regions in the viral envelope that tend to change as well as those that remain constant over time must be identified. To determine the neutralization profiles of sequential viruses over time and study whether neutralization patterns correlate w...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2008.0154
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Il28B single nucleotide polymorphisms were found to influence interferon λ expression, resulting in changes in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA serum levels as well as the HIV-RNA set point prior to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). To date, there is limited information on the influence of this polymorphism on surviv...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2011.0354
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been linked to an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and transmission in observational studies, but the underlying biological mechanisms are unknown. We measured biomarkers of subclinical vaginal inflammation, endogenous antimicrobial activity, and vaginal flo...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2015.0006
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enfuvirtide (ENF) is the first of a new class of antiretrovirals (ARVs) known as the HIV fusion inhibitors. Two phase III studies of ENF, TORO 1 and TORO 2, demonstrated that ENF given in combination with optimized background (OB) therapy significantly improved virological response, increased the time to virological f...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2006.22.240
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite repeated exposures to HIV-1, some individuals remain seronegative. This study reports that sera from a fraction of exposed seronegative (ESN) subjects showed HIV-neutralizing activity; 5 of 17 ESN sera and none of 17 controls neutralized two different HIV-1 primary isolates (range of neutralizing titers: 1/20 ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922200309458
更新日期:2000-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a frequent comorbidity among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Alcohol consumption is a significant predictor of nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as worsening immunological and virological indicators among PLWHA. Clinical studies indicate that higher viral loads in...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2017.0195
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to trigger an innate immune response against opportunistic pathogens associated with HIV-1 infection is an important aspect of AIDS pathogenesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in innate immunity against pathogens, but in HIV-1 patients coinfected with opportunistic infections, the regulat...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0302
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An SV40-based expression vector was used to generate CD4-negative murine L cell lines which stably expressed the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (env). Despite the presence of abundant intracellular envelope glycoprotein, the expression of env gp120/41 was not detected on the cell surface. Pulse-cha...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.1999
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zidovudine (ZDV) is converted to its active triphosphate (ZDVTP) by intracellular kinases. The intermediate ZDV monophosphate (ZDVMP) is believed to play a major role in ZDV toxicity. Manipulation of ZDV phosphorylation is a possible therapeutic strategy for altering the risk-benefit ratio. Here we investigate whether...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1998.14.1661
更新日期:1998-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the heterogeneity and intactness of the vif gene in six HIV-1-infected individuals at various clinical stages. The proviral vif sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were amplified by PCR, followed by cloning and sequencing of 45 vif clones. The intraindividual diversity of the vif genes ranged fr...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.1543
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports on the drug resistance profiles for HIV-infected pediatrics in Jamaica who have been exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The genetic diversity of HIV-1 found in these patients was also determined using phylogenetic analysis. The protease-reverse transcriptase (Pro-RT) region of the genome was a...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0122
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the phylogeny of HIV-1 subtype F viruses from children and adults in Romania in order to (1) clarify whether the Romanian subtype F epidemic was caused by one or several virus introductions and (2) gain insight into the route of spread of the HIV-1 subtype F virus among children and adults in Romania. env (...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922200309205
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is prevalent worldwide with foci of high prevalence. However, to date no effective vaccine or drug against HTLV-1 infection has been developed. In efforts to define the role of antibodies in the control of HTLV-1 infection, we capitalized on the use of our previously defined...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2013.0214
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of AIDS patients will experience some degree of dementia induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). In this study, we report that treatment of human brain tissue with envelope gp120 of HIV-1 did not cause neuronal death but did cause astrocyte alterations and/or death. Human astrocyte cultures showe...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1993.9.439
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of mutations associated with integrase inhibitor (INI) resistance among INI-naive patients may play an important clinical role in the use of those drugs Samples from 76 HIV-1-infected subjects naive to INIs were submitted to direct sequencing. No differences were found between naive (25%) subjects and sub...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0179
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant forms of HIV-1 contribute significantly to the ongoing epidemic. In the present study, we characterized the near full-length genome of one candidate HIV-1 CRF25_cpx strain originating in Cameroon, 06CM-BA-040. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma, and the genome was obtained using RT-PCR amplification to ge...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2008.0124
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::HTLV-II-specific antibodies, with patterns similar to those in the Americas, were present in sera collected about 1970 from Bambuti pygmies in Zaire (14/102; 14%) and from pygmies in Cameroon (5/214; 2.3%), and were more prevalent than HTLV-I. In the Central African Republic, 504 pygmies were HTLV negative. After find...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1993.9.709
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00