Abstract：
:We used data from a prospective cohort study of twins to investigate the influence of unmeasured genetic and measured and unmeasured environmental factors on the smoking behaviour of adolescents and young adults. Twins were surveyed in 1988 (aged 11-18 years), 1991, 1996 and 2004 with data from 1409, 1121, 732 and 758 pairs analysed from each survey wave, respectively. Questionnaires assessed the smoking behaviour of twins and the perceived smoking behaviour of friends and parents. Using a novel logistic regression analysis, we simultaneously modelled individual risk and excess concordance for current smoking as a function of zygosity, survey wave, parental smoking and peer smoking. Being concordant for having peers who smoked was a predictor of concordance for current smoking (P<0.001). After adjusting for peer smoking, monozygotic (MZ) pairs were no more alike than dizygotic pairs for current smoking at waves 2, 3 and 4. Genetic explanations are not needed to explain the greater concordance for current smoking among adult MZ pairs. However, if they are invoked, the role of genes may be due to indirect effects acting through the social environment. Smoking prevention efforts may benefit more by targeting social factors than attempting to identify genetic factors associated with smoking.
journal_name
Br J Cancerjournal_title
British journal of cancerauthors
White VM,Byrnes GB,Webster B,Hopper JLdoi
10.1038/sj.bjc.6604250subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-22 00:00:00pages
1475-81issue
8eissn
0007-0920issn
1532-1827pii
6604250journal_volume
98pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important angiogenic factor for tumour progression because it increases endothelial-cell proliferation and remodels extracellular matrix in blood vessels. We demonstrated that hyperthermia at 42 degrees C, termed heat shock, suppressed the gene expression and production of vasc...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6600268
更新日期：2002-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The vaso-active drug hydralazine causes a considerable increase in the cytotoxic effect of melphalan towards the KHT tumour in mice. The enhancement in response, measured as the concentration of melphalan required to achieve a given tumour response, is 3.0 and 2.35 when determined using the regrowth delay assay and th...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1988.177
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tumour budding has been reported to reflect invasiveness, metastasis and unfavourable prognosis in colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between tumour budding and clinicopathological characteristics, tumour microenvironment and survival in patients with primary operable col...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2016.173
更新日期：2016-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Doxorubicin- and paclitaxel-selected variants of an in vitro invasive clonal population of the human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-435S, were established by pulse selection, and exhibited a novel 'superinvasive' phenotype. This phenotype is characterised by an ability to relocate to another surface following invasio...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6602221
更新日期：2004-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bladder cancer (BC) predominantly affects the elderly and is often the cause of death among patients with muscle-invasive disease. Clinicians lack quantitative estimates of competing mortality risks when considering treatments for BC. Our aim was to determine the bladder cancer-specific mortality (CSM) rate ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2013.106
更新日期：2013-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The utility of external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant brain tumours is compromised by the need to avoid excessive radiation damage to normal CNS tissues. This review describes the current status of targeted radiotherapy, an alternative strategy for brain tumour treatment that offers the exciting pro...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6601771
更新日期：2004-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：:We used a nested case-control design on data from men in four prospective studies (from the UK, Maryland in the USA, and two from Finland) with available stored serum samples to determine whether there was an advantage in measuring both free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and total PSA as a potential screening test f...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/bjoc.1999.0988
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Darbepoetin alfa is a novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP), which stimulates erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). NESP has been shown to be safe and efficacious in patients with chronic renal failure. NESP is biochemically distinct from rHuEPO, due to its increa...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1054/bjoc.2001.1748
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The murine dose of i.v. C. parvum (466 microgram) was compared with a single, low, human-equivalent dose of 70 microgram and with repeated weekly low doses. All treatments increased the antibody titre against C. parvum (CP). However, repeated doses stimulated a much higher titre than single doses. In all treated anima...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1980.64
更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Based on the microRNA (miRNA) signature of bladder cancer (BC) by deep sequencing, we recently found that several double-stranded mature miRNAs derived from the same pre-miRNAs were sufficiently expressed and acted as tumour suppressors by regulating common target genes in BC. Our deep-sequencing signature o...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2017.43
更新日期：2017-04-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Some cancer cells depend on the function of specific molecules for their growth, survival, and metastatic potential. Targeting of these critical molecules has arguably been the best therapy for cancer as demonstrated by the success of tamoxifen and trastuzumab in breast cancer. This review will evaluate the type I IGF...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6602963
更新日期：2006-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been hypothesised that intrauterine exposures are important for subsequent prostate cancer risk. Prior epidemiological studies have used birthweight as a proxy of cumulative intrauterine exposures to test this hypothesis, but results have been inconsistent partly because of limited statistical power. ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1038/bjc.2016.38
更新日期：2016-03-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Altered expression and activity of proteases is a key event in cancer, particularly in relation to invasion, modification of the extracellular matrix and metastasis. The transmembrane protease, serine 4 (TMPRSS4) is closely related to other cancer-associated proteases, such as hepsin, TMPRSS2 and matriptase. We review...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/bjc.2014.403
更新日期：2015-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is usually categorised as proximal or distal CRC. Recently, many researchers have tried to determine the molecular heterogeneity of CRCs along bowel subsites. However, the differential effects of the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and microsatellite instability (MSI) on the cl...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2013.430
更新日期：2013-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is a component of the focal adhesion structures and has been suggested to have a role in cancer progression. It has been shown to be overexpressed in the colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS:Here, we examined a possible prognostic value of FHL2 in CRC. Immunohistoche...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2013.290
更新日期：2013-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) now represents 20-25% of all 'breast cancers' consequent upon detection by population-based breast cancer screening programmes. Currently, all DCIS lesions are treated, and treatment comprises either mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery supplemented with radiotherapy. However, most D...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/s41416-019-0478-6
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the factors that enable the mobilisation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the bone marrow into the blood stream and their recruitment to and retention in the tumour. We found specific migration of MSC towards growth factors present in pancreatic tumours, such as PDGF, EGF, VEGF and spec...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6604508
更新日期：2008-08-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifty patients affected by histologically confirmed gastrointestinal tract cancer (GTC) were treated with oral tegafur (TG) 1,000 mg m-2 p.o. on days 1-14 repeated after a 14 day interval. Out of 42 evaluable patients seven patients had a partial response (PR. 17%) with a median duration of 20.5 weeks, three had a min...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1990.105
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From 1984 to 1989, 63 patients with diffuse, malignant mesothelioma of the pleura were treated with 4-8 courses of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX, 3 g total dose) and citrovorum factor rescue. There were 61 male and two female patients of median age 60 years. CT scan was performed before and after treatment and used fo...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1992.200
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anti-vascular effects of the novel Vinca alkaloid, vinflunine have been investigated in the MAC 15A transplantable murine colon adenocarcinoma model and compared with those induced by the most recently identified clinically useful third generation Vinca. Administration of the maximum tolerated dose of either vinflunin...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/bjoc.2000.1587
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NCA (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen) was assayed in sera of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). It was elevated to a mean value of 145·6 ng/ml (± 104·4 ng/ml) compared to 37·8 ng/ml (± 14·6 ng/ml) the sera of normal subjects. Patients with active disease generally had higher serum NCA levels than th...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1982.269
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between melanoma incidence and latitude was investigated in North American and Europe, using the data collected by 43 population-based cancer registries. In North America melanoma incidence increased with decreasing latitude, supporting the role of UV light in the induction of melanoma. Within England...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1979.260
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the first part of this study the availability of folinic acid (FA) and its main active circulating metabolite, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), were studied in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from normal subjects after i.v. administration of 100 and 250 mg of FA. 5-MTHF rapidly appeared in plasma, the maximu...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1989.127
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T-lymphocyte maturation associated protein, MAL, has been described as a tumour-suppressor gene with diagnostic value in colorectal and oesophageal cancers, and can be inactivated by promoter hypermethylation. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of MAL promoter hypermethylation and the association with...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6604777
更新日期：2008-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a need to evaluate cancer services and provide a baseline on current treatment success and organization. This study shows that this process may be severely hindered by case note destruction or inaccessibility and incomplete information. This is an ongoing problem that needs to be addressed now. ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1997.21
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To enhance the success rate of nanocarrier-mediated chemotherapy combined with an anti-angiogenic agent, it is crucial to identify parameters for tumour vasculature that can predict a response to the treatment of the anti-angiogenic agent. METHODS:To apply transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta type I recept...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6605367
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the feasibility and the anti-tumour activity of weekly cisplatin and the simultaneous application of local hyperthermia in patients with a pelvic recurrence of cervical cancer in previously irradiated area. Dose levels of cisplatin 60 mg m(-2), 70 mg m(-2) and 80 mg m(-2) were studied. Treatment object...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6690533
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study the putative chemopreventive effect of dietary fish oil (MaxEPA) on azaserine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in rats was investigated. Groups of rats were maintained on a semipurified low-fat (LF; 5 wt%) diet or on semipurified high-fat (HF; 25 wt%) diets containing 5 wt% linoleic acid (LA) and...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1996.7
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between oestrogen receptor (RE) content of primary breast cancer and subsequent prognosis was examined with regard to nodal status. It was found that, within a particular nodal group, patients with tumours containing fully functional RE experienced a longer disease-free interval than those with RE- di...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1981.9
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:'de novo' carcinogenesis has been advocated besides 'adenoma carcinoma sequence' as another dominant pathway leading to colorectal carcinoma. Our recent study has demonstrated that the distribution of brain (fetal)-type glycogen phosphorylase (BGP) positive foci (BGP foci) has a close relationship with the location of...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/bjoc.2001.1824
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
