Abstract：
:Given the high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the impact of exacerbations on quality of life, and the costs incurred, effective ways for the prevention of exacerbations, and for reductions in the severity and duration of COPD symptoms are needed. Bacterial immunostimulation has been advocated as a management strategy in COPD for the purposes of preventing acute exacerbations. In particular, it suggests that the use of oral multicomponent vaccines may reduce the severity and duration of acute episodes. The way in which bacterial extracts may exert their effects is not fully understood although a number of possible specific mechanisms have been suggested. Given the high prevalence of COPD worldwide and the high cost of acute exacerbations, some cost-effectiveness analyses suggest that bacterial immunostimulants may become a key element in the improved control of this condition. Nonetheless, larger and longer clinical trials are needed to investigate efficacy before oral vaccination could be recommended as part of the routine clinical management of COPD, mainly in advanced COPD. It remains also to be investigated whether this protective effect may be additive to the other treatments. In any case, it is well known that for Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, recurrent infections occur because of strain heterogeneity. Therefore, a single or even multiple strain vaccine with a killed whole cell formulation is possibly not the ideal vaccine. Moreover, the method of inactivation can affect the immunogenicity of essential antigens through denaturation. For this reason, the efficacy of bacterial immunostimulants should not only be assessed but also compared.
journal_name
Respir Medjournal_title
Respiratory medicineauthors
Cazzola M,Rogliani P,Curradi Gdoi
10.1016/j.rmed.2007.11.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-03-01 00:00:00pages
321-7issue
3eissn
0954-6111issn
1532-3064pii
S0954-6111(07)00446-5journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：INTRODUCTION:Current and former smokers with normal spirometry and with Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) experience respiratory events similar to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Exacerbations significantly reduce quality of life (QoL) in COPD patients however the effect of respira...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2019.105820
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：QUESTION OF THE STUDY:We studied whether prophylactic use of noninvasive pressure support ventilation (NIPSV) administered pre- and postoperatively may reduce the postoperative pulmonary function impairment. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Prospective randomized clinical trial. Thirty-nine patients with a preoperative FEV(1) <70...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2006.12.002
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gemcitabine is a newer pyrimidine analog used for the treatment of solid tumors. Though generally considered safe, it can cause pulmonary toxicity, which is generally mild and reversible. The purpose of this publication is to document a case of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by Gemcitabine administr...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2005.08.002
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hospitalization attributed to severe exacerbations is the major cost driver of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Given that in Greece no previous studies have addressed the economic burden of COPD, the aim of the study was to examine the hospitalization cost of COPD patients with severe exacerbat...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2010.09.020
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To improve physicians' ability to discriminate tuberculous from malignant pleural effusions through a simple clinical algorithm that avoids pleural biopsy. DESIGN:We retrospectively compared the clinical and pleural fluid features of 238 adults with pleural effusion who satisfied diagnostic criteria for tube...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2008.03.001
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration have a low arterial oxygen saturation, especially during sleep, which can be increased by breathing oxygen. Chronic alterations in blood gases are known to modulate the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR). We therefore evaluated whether the HCVR ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(98)90286-4
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly used in the treatment of patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CRF). Residual sleep related respiratory events under NIV such as obstructive or central apnea/hypopnea (AH), or patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA), may compromise treatment efficac...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.025
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The ability to exercise is an important clinical outcome in COPD, and the improvement in exercise capacity is recognized to be an important goal in the management of COPD. Therefore, since the current interest in the use of bronchodilators in COPD is gradually shifting towards the dual bronchodilation, we ca...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2017.06.020
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The choice of inhaler device for asthma patients depends upon multiple attributes. We investigated factors that may drive general practitioners (GPs) and respiratory specialists in the prescription of inhaler devices for asthma patients who initiated inhalation therapy. METHODS:We retrospectively analysed p...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105937
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:To provide optimal care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease physicians need to understand if their patients benefit from an intervention. The objective of this study was to assess agreement between patients and physicians on health-related quality of life (HRQL) changes in response to r...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2004.04.011
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been hypothesized that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) may play an important role in regulating the growth of lung epithelium and in the regeneration of the lung as a paracrine or endocrine factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Based on this background, serum HGF was measured in 31 IPF patients (21 male...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(97)90083-4
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health effects, with particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O(3)) both indicated to be of considerable importance. Diesel engine exhaust (DE) and O(3) generate substantial inflammatory effects in the airways. However, as yet it has not been determined whether a subseque...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2006.11.010
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVES:The process of intermittent hypoxia-reoxygenation produces airway inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that favors the development of cardiovascular disorders in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator in airway inflammation and the regulation of endothel...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2010.12.004
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:SLS COPD was the first open-label randomised controlled trial demonstrating a reduction in moderate/severe COPD exacerbations with once-daily inhaled fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) in everyday clinical practice. Here we report FF/VI effectiveness and safety in predefined patient subgroups. METHODS:P...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2018.12.016
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It is documented that omalizumab treatment reduces the cell surface expression of immunoglobulin E high-affinity receptor (FcɛRI) on several cell types. This has not been investigated in patients with uncontrolled severe persistent allergic asthma. METHODS:In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled s...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2010.07.011
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the utility of blind biopsy in the detection of metastasis in the carina has been reported, submucosal fine needle aspiration (SMFNA) has not been evaluated. We investigated how SMFNA of the main carina and upper-lobe carina in addition to blind biopsy affect management of patients with NSCLC. METH...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2011.05.013
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown strong evidence that bronchiolitis obliterans is the major long-term sequelae of exposure to sulfur mustard (SM). This study is the first to examine the histopathologic spectrum of changes in a large number of surgical lung biopsies from patients exposed to SM. METHOD:Fifteen patie...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2008.01.016
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The presence of non-reversible airway obstruction (AO) in never smokers has only received limited attention until now. METHODS:We analyzed data from the Austrian Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We defined non-reversible AO as post-bronchodilator FEV(1)/FVC <0.7 which corresponds to COPD I a...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2008.07.007
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The optimal initial management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) remains controversial. This study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intrapleural minocycline following aspiration for initial treatment of PSP. METHODS:Between January 2004 and November 2006, 64 patients with a first episode o...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2008.02.006
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Haemodynamic studies at rest and during exercise together with radionuclide ventriculography, pulmonary function and clinical well-being assessment were evaluated in ten patients with COPD and secondary pulmonary hypertension (mean PAP 25 mm Hg), before and after 6 months therapy with pirbuterol 20 mg thrice daily. De...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(89)80061-7
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in patients with chronic hypoxaemia is an expanding field. Traditional stationary oxygen, with and without portable compressed gas cylinders, and portable liquid oxygen equipment is available today. No official guidelines exist for the prescription of liquid oxygen vs traditional oxygen...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(98)90037-3
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From about 1190 to the present day opposing views have been expressed about the effects of coughing in patients with asthma. Some accounts have stated that it brought relief and others that it exacerbated asthma, whereas others thought that it could have both effects. In the present investigation, 187 patients with a ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(06)80246-5
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This research was carried out to develop a new carrier in dry powder aerosols. Two types of cyclodextrin were chosen; gamma cyclodextrin (GCD) and dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DMCD) as carriers in dry powder formulations. Salbutamol was used as a model drug and a control formulation containing lactose and the drug was ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/rmed.2001.1079
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We aimed to investigate the natural history of non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic (NC-NB) Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease (LD). METHODS:Among all patients diagnosed with NC-NB MAC LD between March 2000 and December 2013, 551 patients who were followed until December 2017 were enrolled at a tert...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2019.02.007
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this retrospective study is to present data on clinical significance of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels in an unselected contemporary patient population with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in limited disease (LD) and extensive disease stage (ED). PATIENTS AND METHODS:From June 2004 to June 2...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2010.07.013
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled mannitol are related to allergic inflammation characterized by eosinophil infiltration and a clinical response to treatment with anti-inflammatory agents in subjects with asthma. This study determines the diagnostic accurac...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2012.09.004
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Respiratory complaints after exercise are common in patients with rhinitis. Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) may be one of the causes. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate EIB prevalence in a group of children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis, to compare the treadmill running (TR) and eucapnic voluntary hyperven...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2018.04.001
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of tuberculosis in small solitary lesions of the lung obtained by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is still unclear. Of 103 lung lesions resected by VATS in 98 patients (47 men, 51 women), 19 were identified macroscopically as inflammatory changes, 78 were neoplastic, and 6 were undefined. Pr...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2005.05.004
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with immune deficiencies can present with variable clinical phenotypes. This often translates into a significant delay in their diagnosis, and resultant patient morbidity. This review summarises the most common types of immunodeficiency disorders, primary and secondary, along with their key features. It provi...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106100
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Interstitial lung disease is a common extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, limited data exist regarding predictors of mortality. We sought to examine the prognostic value of the high-resolution computed tomography (HR...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2017.03.027
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
