Abstract:
:Operant animal behavioral tests require the interaction of the subject with sensors and actuators distributed in the experimental environment of the arena. In order to provide user independent reliable results and versatile control of these devices it is vital to use an automated control system. Commercial systems for control of animal mazes are usually based in software implementations that restrict their application to the proprietary hardware of the vendor. In this paper we present OpenControl: an opensource Visual Basic software that permits a Windows-based computer to function as a system to run fully automated behavioral experiments. OpenControl integrates video-tracking of the animal, definition of zones from the video signal for real-time assignment of animal position in the maze, control of the maze actuators from either hardware sensors or from the online video tracking, and recording of experimental data. Bidirectional communication with the maze hardware is achieved through the parallel-port interface, without the need for expensive AD-DA cards, while video tracking is attained using an inexpensive Firewire digital camera. OpenControl Visual Basic code is structurally general and versatile allowing it to be easily modified or extended to fulfill specific experimental protocols and custom hardware configurations. The Visual Basic environment was chosen in order to allow experimenters to easily adapt the code and expand it at their own needs.
journal_name
J Neurosci Methodsjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience methodsauthors
Aguiar P,Mendonça L,Galhardo Vdoi
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.06.020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-10-15 00:00:00pages
66-72issue
1eissn
0165-0270issn
1872-678Xpii
S0165-0270(07)00332-9journal_volume
166pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The myelin sheath produced by glial cells insulates the axons, and supports the function of the nervous system. Myelin sheath degeneration causes neurodegenerative disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). There are no therapies for MS that promote remyelination. Drug discovery frequently involves screenin...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108946
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the system described specific features in a histological section such as neuronal degeneration, specific cell types, or the silver grains of autoradiography can be accurately localized. It is simple to operate, and allows for data storage and retrieval. The system consists of a Zeiss Universal microscope equipped...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-0270(79)90007-4
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydraulically coupled volume microejection (HCVM) was employed to overcome known drawbacks of conventional pressure ejection of drugs in isolated brain slices and other tissues. For HCVM, a solution-filled glass micropipette is connected to a motor-driven, liquid-filled syringe by low-compliance, liquid-filled tubing,...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.01.007
更新日期:2006-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate estimates of the total number of neurons located in the wall of the gut are essential for studies of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Though several stains and antibodies are used routinely as pan-neuronal markers, controversies of relative sensitivity and completeness have been difficult to resolve, at leas...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.004
更新日期:2004-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Translational studies investigating the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on brain function up to now mainly relied on BOLD responses measured with fMRI. However, fMRI studies in rodents face technical and practical limitations (e.g., immobilization, sedation or anesthesia, spatial and temporal resolut...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.01.012
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal loss in tissue surrounding an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is usually quantified by labor-intensive histological methods that are subject to bias. Fluorescent protein expression has been successfully used as a marker of cell viability in vitro and in retinal studies in vivo, but not in any ICH model to date...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.03.025
更新日期:2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Computer-based sleep scoring systems are often calibrated by reference to a conventional visual analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) traces. However, these types of data place high demands on digital storage capacity which may limit the duration or feasibility of some studies. The pres...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.04.004
更新日期:2005-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Quantifying the connectivity between arbitrary surface patches in the human brain cortex can be used in studies on brain function and to characterize clinical diseases involving abnormal connectivity. Cortical regions of human brain in their natural forms can be represented in surface formats. In this paper, we presen...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.02.017
更新日期:2011-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::In order to identify novel genes involved in appetite and body weight regulation we have developed a microarray based method suitable for detecting small changes in gene expression in discrete groups of hypothalamic neurons. The method is based on a combination of stereological sampling, laser capture microdissection ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.09.024
更新日期:2009-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Emotion recognition plays a key role in multimedia. To enhance the sensation of reality, smell has been incorporated into multimedia systems because it can directly stimulate memories and trigger strong emotions. NEW METHOD:For the recognition of olfactory-induced emotions, this study explored a combination...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108599
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::Previous neuroimaging studies of the cortical representation of gustatory and olfactory stimuli have often delivered tastants to the mouth in very small quantities or stimulated olfaction orthonasally. In studies of retro-nasal olfaction, swallowing was generally delayed to reduce head motion artefacts. The present fM...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.05.035
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The reproducibility of motor unit twitches obtained using spike-triggered averaging (STA) was examined in the human first dorsal interosseus. For each motor unit (30 total) a series of STA twitches was derived using a 30 s averaging window. Within each averaging window, eight independent measures characterizing motor ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(03)00077-3
更新日期:2003-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Electroneurograms (ENGs) from the vagus, splanchnic and pancreatic nerves innervating the pancreas of a dog, were recorded with chronically implanted silicone multi-electrode circular cuffs in an intact pancreas and in a pancreas partly disabled with alloxan. The cuffs contained 33 platinum electrodes (0.6x1.5 mm) arr...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(01)00462-9
更新日期:2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The electrochemical technique of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with micro-biosensors has been used for a number of years to monitor in vivo and in situ changes in the extracellular concentration of cerebral ascorbic acid, as well as that of the metabolites of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). We have recently...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-0270(92)90094-t
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental recordings from neurons are generally difficult to quantify. Spike patterns and membrane potential cycles are often compared qualitatively and are hence limited by human resolution and judgement. This paper describes a statistical method for quantifying individual spike patterns and membrane potential flu...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-0270(93)90053-t
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sensory suppression is an important brain function for appropriate processing of information and is known to be impaired in patients with various types of mental illness. Long latency suppression which is a paradigm using change-related cortical response with repeated paired pulses embedded in a train of con...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109087
更新日期:2021-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of the amount of overall animal movement is important for investigations of motor control mechanisms in the central nervous system. We describe a new method to quantify overall free movements of an animal without any markers using a video camera and a personal computer equipped with a video-capture board. T...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00082-5
更新日期:1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::To obtain a high quality EMG acquisition, the signal must be recorded as far away as possible from muscle innervations and tendon zones, which are known to shift during dynamic contractions. This study describes a methodology, using commercial bipolar electrodes, to identify better electrode positions for superficial ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.02.017
更新日期:2009-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from serial sections that are undistorted and true-to-life is only possible when a reference system exists that allows correct matching of the section drawings. This paper describes a simple method for producing reference lines that ensures proper alignment of the drawings. (1) Th...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-0270(88)90162-8
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present work introduces an electrode microdrive system small enough to be placed into two distinct brain areas in head-fixed mice. To meet the space constraint imposed by the size of mice and the additional presence of a head post, the size and weight of the components were minimized. In the current version, an in...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.12.015
更新日期:2010-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Odor input evokes characteristic, time-evolving (non-stationary) events in the spontaneously active central ganglia of the snail Helix pomatia. Assuming stationarity for the signals, one could, as the first approach, apply the Fourier-based methods, frequency amplitude characteristics (FAC) measures, for analyzing suc...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00184-x
更新日期:2002-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Myo-inositol (mIns) is a marker of glial cells proliferation and has been shown to increase in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. mIns exhibits a concentration dependent chemical-exchange-saturation-transfer (CEST) effect (MICEST) between its hydroxyl groups and bulk water protons. Using the endogenous MICEST t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.09.025
更新日期:2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia and astrocytes play vital roles in normal human brain function and in neurological disorders. To study their physiological and pathological roles it is desirable to establish in vitro systems that are derived from the adult human brain. Although several groups have successfully cultured cells from the human ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.07.005
更新日期:2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Much interest has been shown in the use of multi-template reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a quantitative instrument for low-abundance mRNAs. A desire to achieve finely-graded quantification of the stress- and hormone-related regulation of one splicing decision in an ion channel gene motivat...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00015-8
更新日期:2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Since transgenes were first cloned into recombinant adenoviruses almost 30 years ago, a variety of viral vectors have become important tools in genetic research. Viruses adeptly transport genetic material into eukaryotic cells, and replacing all or part of the viral genome with genes of interest or silencing sequences...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.02.026
更新日期:2011-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Licking behavior in rodents is widely used to determine fluid consumption in various behavioral contexts and is a typical example of rhythmic movement controlled by internal pattern-generating mechanisms. The measurement of licking behavior by commercially available instruments is based on either tongue protrusion int...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.10.023
更新日期:2006-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike certain other brain areas, notably the hippocampal formation, synaptic transmission in the cerebellum, a 3-dimensional anatomical structure, is no ideally studied in a 2-dimensional slice preparation. We describe a method for cutting a cerebellar slice that incorporates two planes of section: one sagittal (in t...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-0270(95)00133-6
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a novel procedure for combining immunocytochemistry with in situ hybridisation. In contrast to previously published procedures, the technique involves immunofluorescence followed by in situ hybridization and is particularly suitable for antigens which are labile or sensitive to in situ hybridization proces...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(05)80011-1
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The widespread use of data-driven methods, such as independent component analysis (ICA), for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data (fMRI) has enabled deeper understanding of neural function. However, most popular ICA algorithms for fMRI analysis make several simplifying assumptions, thus...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.03.012
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been established for the rapid and reliable determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in brain microdialysates. The microdialysis samples were analysed using a HILIC (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) column, which ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.05.018
更新日期:2009-08-30 00:00:00