Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:Secondary databases are used in descriptive studies of patient subgroups; evaluation of associations between individual characteristics and diagnosis, prognosis, and/or service utilization rates; and studies of the quality of health care delivered. This article identifies sources of bias for health state characteristics stored in secondary databases that arise from patients' encounters with health systems, highlighting sources of bias that arise from organizational and environmental factors. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Potential sources of bias, from patient access of services and diagnosis, through encoding and filing of patient information in secondary databases, are discussed. A patient presenting with acute myocardial infarction is used as an illustrative example. RESULTS:The accuracy of health state characteristics derived from secondary databases is a function of both the quality and quantity of information collected before data entry and is dependent on complex interactions between patients, clinicians, and the structures and systems surrounding them. CONCLUSION:The use of health state information included in secondary databases requires that estimates of potential bias from all sources be included in the analysis and presentation of results. By making this common practice in the field, greater value can be achieved from secondary database analyses.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Terris DD,Litaker DG,Koroukian SMdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.08.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-01 00:00:00pages
734-41issue
7eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(06)00419-7journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The present paper analyses the epidemiologic effects of mass breast cancer screening. Mass mammography may possibly achieve a breast cancer mortality reduction in relative risk terms. However, this does not necessarily represent a net benefit. It is argued that the benefits and adverse effects of a screening programme...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90002-7
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Treatments may be more effective in some patients than others, and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomized trials provides perhaps the best method of investigating treatment-covariate interactions. Various methods are used; we provide a comprehensive critique and develop guidance on meth...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.11.016
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to identify the range of issues labeled as "non-financial conflicts of interest" in biomedicine, articulate the associated concerns, and analyze the implications of defining these issues as conflicts of interest. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This was a qualitative study, triangulating d...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.12.014
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to analyze adequacy of judgments about risk of bias (RoB) for blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) in Cochrane systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We extracted judgments and supporting comments for performan...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.012
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prospective study on the effects of occupational and individual factors on neck trouble was carried out among 1832 men representing static work with whole-body vibration (machine operators), dynamic physical work (construction carpenters) and sedentary work (office workers). Neck trouble and occupational and individ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90085-x
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Adjudication committees (ACs) are recommended in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to standardize the assessment of events. We aimed to assess the reporting and functioning of ACs (synonyms: clinical event committees, endpoint committees) in clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We searched five high-...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.011
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ecological studies may reduce the problem of confounding by indication; however, these studies introduce new biases not present in individual-level analyses. To study the potential for ecological variables to reduce confounding by indication, we used a large database of admissions for ruptured cerebral aneurysms to ev...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00251-1
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the outcome in 308 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) admitted to the coronary care unit of Kobe General Hospital. Short-term outcome (within 28 days after MI) and long-term outcome (more than 28 days) were examined with survival curves to find any relationship with a history of previous MI and ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90186-q
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate how decision analytic models (DAMs) can be used to quantify impact of using a (diagnostic or prognostic) prediction model in clinical practice and provide general guidance on how to perform such assessments. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A DAM was developed to assess the impact of using the HEART s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.010
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.06.002
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-sectional data from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study were used to examine the relationships between waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR) and the presence of diabetes complications in IDDM adults ages 18-45 years (N = 586). Significantly higher WHRs were observed among both genders with prolifer...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90291-7
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate meta-analyses with trial sequential analysis (TSA). TSA adjusts for random error risk and provides the required number of participants (information size) in a meta-analysis. Meta-analyses not reaching information size are analyzed with trial sequential monitoring boundaries analogous to interim m...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.10.007
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results from pragmatic trials should reflect the comparative treatment effects encountered in patients in real-life clinical practice to guide treatment decisions. Therefore, pragmatic trials should focus on outcomes that are relevant to patients, clinical practice, and treatment choices. This sixth article in the ser...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.12.022
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:I argue in this paper that the use of a global clinical impression of change as a primary measure in dementia drug trials is appropriate, given that we do not yet understand clearly enough what Alzheimer's disease looks like as it gets better. ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90039-6
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.024
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The probability of a disease, given the result of two diagnostic tests, can be calculated by multiplying the odds of disease after the first test by the likelihood ratio of the second test. OBJECTIVE:To illustrate the error that occurs when calculating disease probability by combining the results of tests t...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.04.010
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the relationship between age at natural menopause and total mortality as well as mortality from ischemic heart disease in a cohort of 6182 California Seventh-Day Adventist women who reported a natural menopause. During follow-up from 1976 through 1988, there were 1831 deaths. A total of 308 deaths due to is...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00170-x
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Methods to identify studies for systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy are less well developed than for reviews of intervention studies. This study assessed (1) the sensitivity and precision of five published search strategies and (2) the reliability and accuracy of reviewers screening the ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.09.011
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00056-6
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.12.017
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.010
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90090-v
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.09.010
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various measures have been proposed to express the excess risk of an outcome attributable to one particular risk factor, such as attributable risk and risk fraction. However, there is sometimes a need, both in epidemiological studies and in awarding compensation in legal cases, to simultaneously consider the contribut...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00388-8
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence and mortality due to the major cancers such as lung, breast, colon-rectum, prostate, and ovary have changed very little over the past 20-30 years, in spite of the introduction of important new treatments and apparent prolongation of survival of patients with these cancers. The new strategies focus on ear...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90205-4
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement of physical activity in epidemiological studies is usually achieved by means of a questionnaire. Little work has been done to determine which questionnaire format has greater validity in an elderly population. In this study of elderly subjects, physical activity as reported in two self-administered questio...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90071-t
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and disability was evaluated in a population of Mexican Americans from the southwest U.S. using data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the total sample of persons who completed a clinical examination, 14.6% reported a limitation ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90101-r
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate interrater and intermodality agreement in assessing health status using the Health Utilities Index. A random sample from a Dutch cohort of 14-year-old Very Low Birth Weight children and their parents were invited to participate in a face-to-face (n = 150) or telephone (n = 150) in...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00317-6
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To systematically review methodological articles which focus on nonpublication of studies and to describe methods of detecting and/or quantifying and/or adjusting for dissemination in meta-analyses. To evaluate whether the methods have been applied to an empirical data set for which one can be reasonably conf...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.015
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Findings from nonrandomized studies on safety or efficacy of treatment in patient subgroups may trigger postlaunch randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In the analysis of such RCTs, results from nonrandomized studies are typically ignored. This study explores the trade-off between bias and power of Bayesian RC...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.11.015
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
