Abstract：
:This Symposium includes 15 presentations and an editorial review dealing with prorenin activation and function. It comes 20 years after prorenin was first reported in various contexts and attracted attention because of its connection with renin--angiotensin, its high concentration relative to renin in the blood, and its presence in extrarenal, as well as renal, tissues. Intriguing changes in plasma prorenin have been reported after treatment with antihypertensive and other drugs, following various physiological stimuli, and in pathophysiological states such as Wilms' tumor, Bartter's syndrome, and diabetic nephropathy. Lately, very high prorenin concentrations have been found in human and animal ocular fluid, ovarian follicular fluid, and in association with angiogenesis and microangiopathy. High circulating prorenin concentrations and fulminant hypertension have been reported in rats harbouring the mouse Ren-2 gene. However, what prorenin does in all these extrarenal fluids, tissues, and conditions is not well understood. Among the reasons for this lack of understanding are the difficulties in measuring prorenin and in establishing good animal models. We have not answered the critical question as to whether prorenin itself is bioactive like a hormone, and if so, what its action(s) might be. Nor have we established the main alternative, i.e., whether the function of prorenin is indirect, through renin--angiotensin, be it in the circulation or in the extrarenal tissues. This Symposium provides only partial methodological advances and answers, but we hope it will stimulate the breakthrough work needed to supply more complete answers.
journal_name
Can J Physiol Pharmacoljournal_title
Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacologyauthors
Osmond DH,Sealey JE,McKenzie JKdoi
10.1139/y91-193subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-09-01 00:00:00pages
1308-14issue
9eissn
0008-4212issn
1205-7541journal_volume
69pub_type
社论,评审abstract：:It was recently shown that a peptide (hypertensive factor, HF) isolated from erythrocyte hemolysates from spontaneously hypertensive rats induced a prolonged elevation of blood pressure in normotensive rats. In addition, the peptide produced a marked stimulation of the in vitro uptake of lanthanum-resistant calcium by...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y88-209
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The most important reason for the non-approval and withdrawal of drugs by the Food and Drug Administration is hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of hesperidin against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. The rats received a single intraperit...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2014-0204
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ontogenic study of the hepatic biotransformation enzymes revealed the early development of both oxidative and conjugative enzymes in male chickens ranging in age from 3 to 12 weeks. Although the rate of microsomal cytochrome P450 reactions progressively increased during the first 9 weeks, it decreased thereafter. ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Barbiturate actions on excitatory synaptic responses in CA 1 and dentate regions of hippocampal slices were studied to determine whether different effects occur on anatomically distinct synaptic pathways. Pentobarbital facilitated transmission between stratum radiatum inputs and CA 1 neurons at low concentrations (0.0...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y87-065
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunocytochemistry, radioimmunoassay, chromatography, and biological assay using a rabbit isolated duodenal muscle strip preparation were used in attempting to characterize motilin from the rat small intestine. Several different antisera and monoclonal antibodies directed against natural porcine motilin were used. A ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y90-168
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beat-to-beat variability of cardiac action potential duration (short-term variability, SV) is a common feature of various cardiac preparations, including the human heart. Although it is believed to be one of the best arrhythmia predictors, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood at present. The magnitude of...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2016-0597
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study of the relationship between the mechanical response of human iliac arteries subjected to sinusoidally varying dynamic pressures superimposed on a static pressure of 100 mm Hg (1mm Hg = 133 N/m2) and the development of arterial dilatation, with particular reference to poststenotic dilatation has been conducted....
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y75-138
更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe postsynaptic Ca2+ signals that subserve induction of two forms of neuronal plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), in rat hippocampal neurons. The common induction protocol for LTP, a 1-s, 50-Hz tetanus, generates Ca2+ increases of about 50-Hz in dendritic spines of CA1 neu...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 1 diabetes mellitus reduces lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the heart. The diabetic phenotype of decreased LPL activity in freshly isolated cardiomyocytes persisted after overnight culture (16 h). Total cellular LPL activity was 311+/-56 nmol oleate released x h(-1) x mg(-1) cell protein in diabetic cultured...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of iontophoretically applied Na+-, K+-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) (EC 3.6.1.3) inhibitors (ouabain, digitoxin, digitoxigenin, strophanthin K, strophanthidin, thevetin A and B, ethacrynate, and harmaline) on the depression of rat cerebral cortical neurones by noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytr...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y77-025
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ARHGAP21 is a Rho-GAP that controls GTPases activity in several tissues, but its role on liver lipid metabolism is unknown. Thus, to achieve the Rho-GAP role in the liver, control and ARHGAP21-haplodeficient mice were fed chow (Ctl and Het) or high-fat diet (Ctl-HFD and Het-HFD) for 12 weeks, and pyruvate and insulin ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2018-0691
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis was examined that phenoxybenzamine enhances both the overflow of noradrenaline and the mechanical response in guinea pig vas deferens by blockade of presynaptic inhibitory receptors located on adrenergic nerve terminals which serve a negative-feedback function. Preparations were stimulated with a consta...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y79-108
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present experiments were designed to evaluate vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in rats with experimental cirrhosis of the liver (induced with CCl4 and phenobarbital) before ascites appearance. The systemic pressor response to angiotensin II in conscious animals and the contractile effect of angiotensin II in ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y89-243
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inotropic response induced by beta-adrenergic and H1 histaminergic receptor stimulation was characterized in guinea pig left atria by obtaining dose-response relationships for isoproterenol and histamine under various experimental conditions. Conditions (hypothermia, high frequencies of stimulation, and large extr...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y78-147
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our objective was to determine if the ability of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to attenuate neointima formation in balloon-damaged vessel is expressed in an isolated organ culture model of neointimal growth. In vivo balloon angioplasty in combination with in vitro organ culture was used to produce a...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The level of circulating triacylglycerols is determined by the balance between their delivery into the plasma and their removal from it. Plasma triacylglycerols are derived either from dietary fat as chylomicrons or from endogenous hepatic synthesis as very low density lipoproteins. Their removal occurs through the ac...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1139/y91-242
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement of volume, pressure, and length were made on eight segments of human cerebral arteries perfused with chymotrypsin (CT) (EC 3.4.21.1) solution (pH = 7.8) for no more than 19 h, and on nine arterial segments perfused with combined enzyme (CT, trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), elastase (EC 3.4.21.11)) solutions (pH = 7....
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y77-024
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epicardial coronary venous pressure in 16 dogs was compared with coronary arterial pressure as well as aortic, intraventricular, and intramyocardial pressures. Partial aortic occlusion augmented intraventricular (IVP), intramyocardial (IMP), aortic (AP), and coronary arterial pressures. Peripheral coronary venous ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y83-033
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis together with vagally mediated peristaltic contractions are essential if mucosal injury is to occur in the stomach of indomethacin-treated rats. The neomycin group of antibiotics has been shown to interfere with acetylcholine release. Agents blocking peristalsis have been demonstr...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y89-162
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to investigate whether and how triiodothyronine (T3) affects renal function in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease. Twenty-four female rats were divided into the following groups: sham-operated control group (n = 8), 5/6 nephrectomized group (Nx, n = 8), and 5/6 nephrectomized group...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2017-0252
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-channel recordings from central neurons of the helix snail, Cepaea nemoralis, revealed two types of channels that could be activated by stretch (i.e., by the membrane deformation produced when suction is applied to the patch pipette). One, a K+ channel (58 pS in physiological solution), was evident in excised a...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y92-025
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The force generated by tracheal spirals and lung parenchymal strips from normal and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs was measured in vitro, after challenge with histamine, carbachol, leukotriene (LT) C4, LTD4, or a prostaglandin endoperoxide analog (U-44069). The responses and sensitivity of airway tissues to the abov...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y83-133
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most cardiac diseases are associated with fibrosis. Calcineurin (CaN) is regulated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM). The CaN-NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cell) pathway is involved in the process of cardiac diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, but its effect on myocardial fibrosis remains unclear. The present study ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y2012-133
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate baroreflex sensitivity, an indicator of autonomic nervous function, in 20 obese children and adolescents in comparison with 20 age- and sex-matched nonobese subjects. All subjects were examined in the supine position ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y09-041
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes increases the risk and severity of cognitive impairment, especially after ischemic stroke. It is also known that the activation of the endothelin (ET) system is associated with cognitive impairment and microglia around the periinfarct area produce ET-1. However, little is known about the effect of ET-1 on mic...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2019-0679
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beneficial effects of an antioxidant (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) and an angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ramipril) were assessed in a rat model of insulin resistance induced by 10% glucose feeding for 20 weeks. Treatments with NAC (2 g/kg per day) and ramipril (1 mg/kg per day) were initiated at 16 week...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/Y08-090
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) is a rare amino acid. It occurs in nature or as a by-product of some forms of food processing. A notable example of the latter was a former method for bleaching wheat flour, using nitrogen trichloride, the "agene process," in use for most of the first 50 years of this century. "Agenized" f...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperglycemia in diabetes induces increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in the retina, kidney, and heart that may lead to hemodynamic impairment, permeability alteration, and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein production. Chronically elevated blood glucose levels may cause oxidative stress in these target...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/Y08-033
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiotensin II (AngII) plays an important role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle function. However, little is known about AngII and its receptors AT1 (AT1R) and AT2 (AT2R) and their modulation of intracellular calcium in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in general and more particularly of human origin. Usin...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2017-0416
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite major advances in conventional medical therapy, patients with heart failure continue to experience significant morbidity and mortality. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasocontrictor and mitogenic peptide that is activated in heart failure. There is increasing experimental and clinical evidence in support of a...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1139/y03-011
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
