Abstract：
:In this article, we examine the question of what information is processed during observational learning by evaluating a variety of methods, theories, and empirical data. Initially, we review work involving neuroimaging techniques and infant imitation. We then evaluate data from behavioural experiments involving adults, wherein a variety of attempts have been made to isolate the critical or minimal information constraining the acquisition of coordination. This body of research has included comparisons between video and point-light displays, manipulations to the amount and type of information presented in the display, the collection of point-of-gaze data, and manipulations to the task context in terms of outcome goals. We conclude that observational learning is governed by specific features of the model's action (i.e. motions of the end effector) and the task (i.e. outcome constraints) and, in contrast with traditional theoretical modelling, more global aspects of a model (i.e. the relative motions within and between joints) do not appear to be the primary method for constraining action execution.
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
Hodges NJ,Williams AM,Hayes SJ,Breslin Gdoi
10.1080/02640410600946860subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-01 00:00:00pages
531-45issue
5eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xpii
771560883journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This study aimed to investigate the impact of mental fatigue on soccer-specific decision-making. Twelve well-trained male soccer players performed a soccer-specific decision-making task on two occasions, separated by at least 72 h. The decision-making task was preceded in a randomised order by 30 min of the Stroop tas...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1156241
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant stress protein that is mainly induced by reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and hyperthermia. We assessed the influence of different types of exercise on HO-1 expression in leukocytes of the peripheral blood in three groups of male participants: a short exhaustive...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1080/0264041031000071164
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rules of competitive boardsailing events were changed before the Atlanta Olympic Games. Pumping the sail (pulling repeatedly on the rig) is now allowed and the duration of races has been shortened. Eight members of the French national team (mean age 23+/-2.7 years) participated in this study. Their cardiac and met...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/026404199366235
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of this study were to determine the validity of fat mass of the trunk as a predictor for visceral fat area at the umbilicus level and to develop equations to predict visceral fat mass at the umbilicus level using fat mass of the trunk measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impeda...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410600875010
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An evaluation of a six-week Combined minimal footwear transition and gait-retraining combination vs. gait retraining only on impact characteristics and leg stiffness. Twenty-four trained male runners were randomly assigned to either (1) Minimalist footwear transition Combined with gait-retraining over a six-week perio...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1224916
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We explored implicit coordination mechanisms underlying the conceptual notion of "shared mental models" (SMM) through physiological (i.e., breathing and heart rates) and affective-cognitive (i.e., arousal, pleasantness, attention, self-efficacy, other's efficacy) monitoring of two professional jugglers performing a re...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1158413
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate activation characteristics of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles during the acceleration and maximum-speed phases of sprinting. Lower-extremity kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activities of the BFlh and ST muscles were examined during the accelera...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2017.1375548
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the variation in accumulated basketball training experience, body size, functional performance, deliberate practice motivation, achievement and competitiveness motivation and sources of enjoyment among young female basketball players, partitioning the potential variation by ind...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1736247
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with different training volumes on phase angle (PhA), body water components, and muscle quality (MQ) in untrained older adult women. A second purpose was to assess the relationship between PhA and MQ. Sixty-two older adult ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640414.2018.1479103
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spirit of sport, which encompasses intrinsic values associated with sport participation, is core to the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) strategy for doping prevention. The contribution of these values to clean sport has yet to be established. In this study, athletes rated the importance of spirit of sport values...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1835221
更新日期：2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：:In rapid interceptive actions such as hitting a baseball, cricket ball or tennis ball, ball speed varies between trials, and players have to compensate the time lag by controlling the moment of movement onset and movement duration. Previous studies have found that these two variables can flexibly co-vary and are robus...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2014.946073
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated psychosocial processes associated with avoidance of health- and morality-based deterrents to performance-enhancing drug (PED) use. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 64 English male bodybuilders with experience of doping. Resultant data were content analysed deductively usi...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2013.862842
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640419408732169
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of the relative age effect (RAE) has been widely reported; however, its underlying causes have not yet been determined. With this in mind, the present study examined if anthropometry and performance were different amongst older and younger soccer players born in the same year. Eighty-eight young soccer pl...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2013.832355
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concerns about the value of physical testing and apparently declining test performance in junior basketball players prompted this retrospective study of trends in anthropometric and fitness test scores related to recruitment age and recruitment year. The participants were 1011 females and 1087 males entering Basketbal...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410600907870
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2012.692481
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and correlates of adolescents' resistance training (RT) skill competence. Participants were 548 adolescents (14.1 ± 0.5 years) from 16 schools in New South Wales, Australia. RT skills were assessed using the Resistance Training Skills Battery. Demographics, BMI, muscu...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2017.1370822
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The quadruple approach in the title refers to four different studies over a period of 3 years. The common factor in these studies is the methodology of the (Brussels) Electromyographic Signal Processing and Analysis System (ESPAS), a hardware and software EMG data acquisition system that has constantly been improved. ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640419008732149
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine if a 36-h fast affects the central and peripheral components of VO2 during submaximal exercise and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), 10 physically healthy males exercised first for 10 min at approximately 60% of their VO2 peak and then to fatigue. Their cardiovascular responses were compared with those of 10...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug abuse by adolescents has been investigated in various surveys that reported correlations between age, gender, and activity. However, none of these studies included chemical analyses to help substantiate the statements of participants. In the present study, the urine specimens of 964 students (439 females, 525 mal...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640418808729800
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2020.1822595
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the physical demands of international rugby union. Five games in the 1989-90 Five Nations Championship were analysed using video-recordings of live television transmissions. When the ball was in open play, the average running pace of players central to the action ranged from 5 ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640419208729927
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the metabolic state of quadriceps femoris muscles using transverse relaxation time (T2), measured by muscle functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, after inactive or active recovery exercises with different intensities following high-intensity knee-extension ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2013.855803
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of dietary supplements is widespread in sport and most athletes competing at the highest level of competition use some form of dietary supplementation. Many of these supplements confer no performance or health benefit, and some may actually be detrimental to both performance and health when taken in high doses...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02640410400023258
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we examined the influence of shoe lacing on foot biomechanics in running. Twenty experienced rearfoot runners ran in six different lacing conditions across a force platform at a speed of 3.3 m . s(-1). Foot pronation during contact, tibial acceleration, and plantar pressure distribution of the ri...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410802482425
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated changes in cardiorespiratory performance, BMI and leisure-time physical activity among Finnish adolescents from 2003 to 2010. In addition, we compared cardiorespiratory performance levels between normal weight and overweight adolescents, grouped according to their physical activity. Participants were a...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2014.951874
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to examine the health effects of 8 weeks of recreational badminton in untrained women. Participants were matched for maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and body fat percentage and assigned to either a badminton (n = 14), running (n = 14) or control group (n = 8). Assessments were conducted pr...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to evaluate, by an electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) combined approach, whether years of specific climbing activity induced neuromuscular changes towards performances related to a functional prevalence of fast resistant or fast fatigable motor units. For this purpose, after t...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2015.1035738
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper investigates how tennis players control stroke-induced vibration. Its aim is to characterise how a tennis player deals with entering vibration waves or how he/she has the ability to finely adjust them. A specific experimental procedure was designed, based on simultaneously collecting sets of kinematic, vibr...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1227868
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
