Abstract:
:The use of dieting, rapid weight loss, and frequent weight fluctuation among athletes competing in weight-class and leanness sports have been considered a problem for years, but the extent of the problem and the health and performance consequences have yet to be fully examined. Most studies examining these issues have had weak methodology. However, results from this review indicate that a high proportion of athletes are using extreme weight-control methods and that the rules of some sports might be associated with the risk of continuous dieting, energy deficit, and/or use of extreme weight-loss methods that can be detrimental to health and performance. Thus, preventive strategies are justified for medical as well as performance reasons. The most urgent needs are: (1) to develop sport-specific educational programmes for athletic trainers, coaches, and athletes; (2) modifications to regulations; and (3) research related to minimum percentage body fat and judging patterns.
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
Sundgot-Borgen J,Garthe Idoi
10.1080/02640414.2011.565783subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
S101-14eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xpii
936417768journal_volume
29 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Muscle weakness is considered a risk factor for ankle injury. Balance training and barefoot running have been used in an attempt to strengthen the muscles crossing the ankle. It is expected that training tasks that successfully strengthen the ankle would elicit increased muscular activity. However, it is unknown how a...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1072640
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The addition of whey protein to a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink has been shown to enhance post-exercise rehydration when a volume below that recommended for full fluid balance restoration is provided. We investigated if this held true when volumes sufficient to restore fluid balance were consumed and if differences m...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.925570
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of exercise on the core musculature have not been investigated in prepubescents. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the volume and degree of asymmetry of rectus abdominis, obliques and transversus abdominis, quadratus lumborum, iliopsoas, gluteus and paravertebralis muscles in prepubesc...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1189589
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates hunger. Intense exercise has been shown to temporarily suppress hunger after exercise. In the present study, we investigated whether post-exercise hunger suppression is mediated by reduced plasma total ghrelin concentrations. Nine men and nine women participated in the study. Their...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410600831856
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analysed stroke phases and arm and leg coordination during front crawl swimming with and without a wet suit. Twelve nationally and internationally ranked French male triathletes performed three swim trials in randomized order using the front crawl stroke with and without a wet suit. All triathletes swam at three di...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/0264041031000140419
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to assess which of the equations that estimate peak power output and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in the velodrome adapt best to the measurements made by reference systems. Thirty-four endurance cyclists and triathletes performed one incremental test in the laboratory and two tests in the v...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410701646245
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinematics of male wheelchair rugby players (n = 8) during the final match of the 2008 Demolition Derby were assessed using two cameras (10 Hz) and a tracking method based on image-processing techniques. The players' on-court trajectory, total and accumulated distances covered, distances covered during working and...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410903428541
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a new method, based on inertial sensors, to automatically measure at high frequency the durations of the main phases of ski jumping (i.e. take-off release, take-off, and early flight). The kinematics of the ski jumping movement were recorded by four inertial sensors, attached to the thigh and shank of junio...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.624538
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coordinative variability (CAV) and underlying coordinative patterns are potential running-related overuse injury (RROI) mechanisms, but prospective analyses are needed. This study compared lower limb CAV and coordinative patterns between prospectively injured and uninjured runners. Knee, shank, and ankle kinematics we...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1804519
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of the sticking region by examining how three different grip widths affect the sticking region in powerlifters' bench press performance. It was hypothesised that the sticking region would occur at the same joint angle of the elbow and shoulder independent of grip wid...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1046395
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to explore elite coaches' perceptions of how they can both facilitate and impede the development of key mental toughness characteristics in the context of Australian football. Eleven coaches from a previous study (Gucciardi, Gordon, & Dimmock, 2008) were re-interviewed and the transcribed...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410903150475
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electromyographic activity and the electrocardiogram were recorded during windsurfing on the water in six subjects (three females and three males). 'Beating' and 'reaching' (both with continuous pumping), 'running' and 'uphauling' were performed in light to moderate winds. The physiological signals were transmitted to...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640419608727694
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a paucity of studies that have evaluated substrate utilisation and protein catabolism during multiday strenuous exercise in athletes. Eleven well-trained male cyclists completed 3 h of race-simulated cycling on 4 consecutive days. Cyclist exercised 2 h postprandially and with carbohydrate supplementation (~50...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.949827
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Youth athletes are known to be at high risk of musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Children in developed countries are increasingly adopting a sedentary lifestyle. Although some risk factors related to sports activities have been reported, the effect of lifestyle (i.e. screen time behaviour) on MSK pain in youth athletes ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1420453
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Newtest Powertimer 300-series portable contact mat and photocells (Newtest Oy, Finland). The participants were 20 male soccer players aged 19.1+/-3.5 years. The validity and reliability of the Powertimer (contact mat and photocells) were as...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410802448723
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between stroke parameters and critical swimming speed (which is defined as the speed that can theoretically be maintained without exhaustion). Stroke parameters (stroke rate and length) and velocity were recorded for each 25-m length during a control...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410802475205
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration ([Na+]) and whole-body sweating rate in athletes. Data from 506 athletes (367 adults, 139 youth; 404 male, 102 female) were compiled from observational athlete testing for a retrospective analysis. The participants were s...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1055291
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we examined: (a) the effects of perceived motivational climate and coaching character-building competency on prosocial and antisocial behaviours towards team-mates and opponents in field hockey and netball; (b) whether the effects of perceived character-building competency on sport behaviours are mediat...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410902887283
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rapid interceptive actions such as hitting a baseball, cricket ball or tennis ball, ball speed varies between trials, and players have to compensate the time lag by controlling the moment of movement onset and movement duration. Previous studies have found that these two variables can flexibly co-vary and are robus...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.946073
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coordination of dynamic interceptive movements is predicated on cyclical relations between an individual's actions and information sources from the performance environment. To identify dynamic informational constraints, which are interwoven with individual and task constraints, coaches' experiential knowledge provides...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.824599
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low-intensity exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) is an increasingly common method of improving muscular strength and hypertrophy, and improving aerobic fitness, in clinical and athletic populations. The aim of this systematic review was to describe common approaches to determining occlusion pressures for BFR e...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1840734
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important goal of the athlete's everyday diet is to provide the muscle with substrates to fuel the training programme that will achieve optimal adaptation for performance enhancements. In reviewing the scientific literature on post-exercise glycogen storage since 1991, the following guidelines for the training diet...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/0264041031000140527
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study were to examine the (1) individual playing area, (2) length and width of the rectangle encompassing the individual playing area and (3) distance between the goalkeepers and their nearest team-mates during professional soccer matches and compare these to previously reported pitch sizes for small-...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.746722
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study aimed to provide reference values for lower-limb muscle power assessed during the incremental jump squat (JS) test in elite athletes (i.e., professional athletes competing at international level). We pooled data from all JS tests performed by elite athletes of different sports in two high-performance...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1783150
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interest in rises in oxygen consumption (VO2) with increasing exercise intensity largely originate from the work of Hill and colleagues in the 1920s. Their studies led to a belief that cardiac output and VO2 'plateau' at increasing work rates and that muscle hypoxia leads to fatigue. Hence, it was assumed that the pri...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/026404198366704
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we investigated the accuracy of offside judgements of assistant referees in the English Premier League. The moment in the match, the position and movement speed of the assistant referee, attacker and second-last defender, together with the angle of view for the assistant referee were all consider...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410903518184
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an imagery training programme on the performance of a soccer task by skilled and novice players. An initial assessment of performance on the soccer task was undertaken, and then 22 skilled and 22 novice players were equally and randomly assigned to either a co...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640419308729971
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the beginning of the twenty-first century, there are 30,000 golf courses and 55 million people who play golf worldwide. In the USA alone, the value of golf club memberships sold in the 1990s was US dollar 3.2 billion. Underpinning this significant human activity is a wide variety of people researching and applying ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/0264041031000102123
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the simultaneous use of pyridoxine-alpha-ketoglutarate (PAK) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on short-term maximal exercise capacity in eight well-trained male cyclists. The study consisted of the determination of maximal power output and the administration of ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640419208729923
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coaches are central to talent development in youth soccer and what they say and do impacts on players' achievements and well-being. Researchers have systematically observed coach behaviour and practice activities within this setting (i.e. 'what coaches do'). We review this research in light of contemporary discussion ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.721930
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00