Abstract：
:This study was concerned with the measurement of a selection of performance variables from competitors in the women's long jump final of the World Student Games held in Sheffield, UK in July 1991. Several performances of each of six finalists were recorded on cine-film at 100 Hz. Resulting planar kinematic data were obtained for the last stride, touch-down and take-off. For the analysis, the point of maximum knee flexion was established and this was used to represent the point at which the compression phase had ended. A variety of variables describing the position, velocity and angular changes are presented as descriptive data. In addition, these were used to compute energies on the basis of a whole body model. The data were interpreted on the basis of a technique model of long jumping established from the literature. It was confirmed that take-off velocity was a function of touch-down velocity, and that there was an increase in vertical velocity at the expense of a reduction of horizontal velocity. An attempt was made to identify the mechanisms acting during the touch-down to take-off phase which were responsible for generating vertical velocity. It was concluded that there was evidence for mechanical, biomechanical and muscular mechanisms. The former relates to the generation of vertical velocity by the body riding over the base of support; the second is the elastic re-utilization of energy; and the third is the contribution by concentric muscular contraction.
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
Lees A,Fowler N,Derby Ddoi
10.1080/02640419308730000subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-08-01 00:00:00pages
303-14issue
4eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This study investigated differences in lower-limb coordination and coordination variability between experienced and novice runners during a prolonged run. Thirty-four participants were categorised as either experienced (n = 17) or novice runners (n = 17). All participants performed a 31-min treadmill run at their indi...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2018.1539294
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study sought to examine the construct validity of the Resistance Training Skills Battery for Children (RTSBc), a movement screen purported to assess resistance training skill in children. Children aged 7-10 years (n = 27, 21 males, 6 females) undertook measures of resistance training skill via the RTSBc, m...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2018.1428885
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Waist girth is recognised as a better predictor of obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, compared to other measures. Although several protocols for waist girth exist, arm position is either ignored, or not specified in unambiguous terms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if arm position influenc...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2013.781664
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A high ambient temperature reduces the capacity to perform prolonged exercise. Total carbohydrate oxidation is less, and thus glycogen depletion is not limiting. Fluid ingestion in the heat should, therefore, focus on maintenance of hydration status rather than on substrate provision. Six healthy males cycled to exhau...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/026404100402403
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose a new method, based on inertial sensors, to automatically measure at high frequency the durations of the main phases of ski jumping (i.e. take-off release, take-off, and early flight). The kinematics of the ski jumping movement were recorded by four inertial sensors, attached to the thigh and shank of junio...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640414.2011.624538
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Officiating bias is thought to contribute to home advantage. Recent research has shown that sports with subjective officiating tend to experience greater home advantage and that referees' decisions can be influenced by crowd noise, but little work has been done to examine whether individual referees vary in their home...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410601038576
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Agility is an essential part of many athletic activities. Currently, agility drill duration is the sole criterion used for evaluation of agility performance. The relationship between drill duration and factors such as acceleration, deceleration and change of direction, however, has not been fully explored. This paper ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2014.990481
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Process-oriented motor competence (MC) assessments evaluate how a movement is performed. Product-oriented assessments evaluate the outcome of a movement. Determining the concurrent validity of process and product assessments is important to address the predictive utility of motor competence for health. The current stu...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1183803
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Training and nutrition are highly interrelated in that optimal adaptation to the demands of repeated training sessions typically requires a diet that can sustain muscle energy reserves. As nutrient stores (i.e. muscle and liver glycogen) play a predominant role in the performance of prolonged, intense, intermittent ex...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02640410500482727
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to compare selected physiological variables and performance markers of soldiers from two "elite" units of the British Army. Ten soldiers from each of the two units were recruited for this study (n = 20). All participants completed three tests while carrying a 20 kg backpack load: (1) a maxima...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410500230811
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the match activity and physiological demands of women's tennis during a 3-day clay-court tennis tournament. The activity profile of eight players was determined by filming each competitive match with video cameras. Metabolic-perceptual measurements--blood samples and individual r...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410802287089
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study used a quasi-applied research model to identify and develop potentially talented female soccer players. Athletes aged 15-19 years with a background in team ball sports or athletics were targeted for recruitment using advertisements and promotions through various media. Interested athletes attended a 2-day p...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410050120122
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Newtest Powertimer 300-series portable contact mat and photocells (Newtest Oy, Finland). The participants were 20 male soccer players aged 19.1+/-3.5 years. The validity and reliability of the Powertimer (contact mat and photocells) were as...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410802448723
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many sports events require participants to exert a maximal effort in the closing stages-that is, after prior fatiguing exercise. Peak and mean pedalling rate during 30 s of high-intensity cycle ergometer exercise was manipulated by altering the applied resistance or the initial exercise intensity so that the effect of...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1080/026404197367470
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate the injury incidence and patterns in elite youth football at a category 1 Premier League Academy before and after the introduction of a new development strategy, the Elite Player Performance Plan (EPPP). A prospective study was performed over six consecutive seasons encom...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2018.1443746
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the effects of lateral biases in visual attention ("pseudoneglect") have been examined in real-world settings, this phenomenon has yet to be considered within the realm of sporting performance. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pseudoneglect on putting errors in golf. Novice golfers (n = 30...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410903536467
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inflammatory responsive cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) helps regulate immune responses to exercise. Evidence suggests that increases in IL-6 are related to exercise duration and intensity. However, the moderating effect of sex and underlying mediators have received limited attention. We compared plasma IL-6 respons...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410500245645
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The causes of fatigue during muscular exercise include factors that reside in the brain (central mechanisms) as well as the muscles themselves (peripheral mechanisms). Central fatigue is largely unexplored, but there is increasing evidence that increased brain serotonin (5-HT) can lead to central (mental) fatigue, the...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02640419508732277
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates hunger. Intense exercise has been shown to temporarily suppress hunger after exercise. In the present study, we investigated whether post-exercise hunger suppression is mediated by reduced plasma total ghrelin concentrations. Nine men and nine women participated in the study. Their...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640410600831856
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we examined the relationships between body sway, aim point fluctuation and performance in rifle shooting on an inter- and intra-individual basis. Six elite shooters performed 20 shots under competition conditions. For each shot, body sway parameters and four aim point fluctuation parameters were quantif...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/0264041031000101881
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess the effect of cold water immersion and active recovery on thermoregulation and repeat cycling performance in the heat, ten well-trained male cyclists completed five trials, each separated by one week. Each trial consisted of a 30-min exercise task, one of five 15-min recoveries (intermittent cold water immer...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640410701567425
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to examine the health effects of 8 weeks of recreational badminton in untrained women. Participants were matched for maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and body fat percentage and assigned to either a badminton (n = 14), running (n = 14) or control group (n = 8). Assessments were conducted pr...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1210819
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We aimed to evaluate the internal consistency and factor structure of the Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM) in youth athletes and quantify differences between individual task score at different stages of maturation. FMSTM and anthropometric variables were measured in 144 youth athletes (96 female, 48 male). Biologica...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2018.1559980
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated birthdate (known as the Relative Age Effect; RAE) and birthplace as determinants of expertise in an international sample of elite ice hockey players. The sample included 566 World Junior (WJR) ice hockey players from four countries (Canada, n = 153; USA, n = 136; Sweden, n = 140; Finland...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2011.597419
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international 'grand-slam' tennis and 'major' golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tourna...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/026404197367227
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The drop jump is a popular form of plyometric exercise often undertaken to enhance countermovement jump ability (jump height). Despite its popularity the effects of drop jump training on countermovement jump height are often inconsistent. Such inconsistencies may be as a result of differences in the drop jum...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1080/02640414.2013.789921
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interest in rises in oxygen consumption (VO2) with increasing exercise intensity largely originate from the work of Hill and colleagues in the 1920s. Their studies led to a belief that cardiac output and VO2 'plateau' at increasing work rates and that muscle hypoxia leads to fatigue. Hence, it was assumed that the pri...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/026404198366704
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the first principles of cricket batsmanship that is coached from a young age is to play with a straight bat. Limited studies to date have examined whether top international batsmen use this traditionally described technique. Accordingly, we performed a descriptive, observational study of the backlift technique ...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2016.1142110
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Indoor hockey is a highly competitive international sport, yet no research to date has investigated the key actions within this sport. As with outdoor field hockey, penalty corners represent one of the most likely situations in which goals can be scored. All 36 matches of the round-robin phase of the 2010-2011 England...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/02640414.2012.757341
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computers have played an important supporting role in the development of experimental and theoretical sports biomechanics. The role of the computer now extends from data capture and data processing through to mathematical and statistical modelling and simulation and optimization. This paper seeks to demonstrate that e...
journal_title：Journal of sports sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/02640419508732232
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
