Abstract:
:Muscle strength is thought to be a major factor in athletic success. However, the relationship between muscle strength and sprint performance has received little attention. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship in elite performers of isokinetic muscle strength across three lower limb joints and sprinting performance, including the use of theoretical models. Eight rugby players, eight track sprinters and eight competitive sportsmen, all elite national or regional competitors, performed sprints over 15 m and 35 m with times recorded over 0-15 m and 30-35 m. Isokinetic torque was measured at the knee, hip and ankle joints at low (1.05 rad s(-1)), intermediate (2.09 or 2.62 rad s(-1)) and high (3.14 or 4.19 rad s(-1)) speeds during concentric and eccentric muscle actions. Using linear regression and expressing sprint performance as time, the strongest relationship, for the joint actions and speeds tested, was between concentric knee extension at 4.19 rad s(-1) and sprint performance (0-15 m times: r=-0.518, P< 0.01; 30-35 m times: r=-0.688, P< 0.01). These relationships were improved for 0-15 m, but not for 30-35 m, by expressing torque relative to body mass (0-15 m times: r=-0.581; 30-35 m times: r=-0.659). When 0-15 m performance was expressed as acceleration rather than time, the correlation was improved slightly (r=0.590). However, when the data (0-15 m times) were fitted to the allometric force model proposed by Gunther, 77% of the variance in concentric knee extension torque at 4.19 rad s(-1) could be explained by 0-15 m times, limb length (knee to buttocks) and body mass. The fitted parameters were similar to those from the theoretical model. These findings suggest that the relationship between isokinetic muscle strength and sprint performance over 0-15 m (during the acceleration phase) is improved by taking limb length and body mass into account.
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
Dowson MN,Nevill ME,Lakomy HK,Nevill AM,Hazeldine RJdoi
10.1080/026404198366786subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-01 00:00:00pages
257-65issue
3eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xjournal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Rowers competing at the 2000 Olympic Games were measured for 38 anthropometric dimensions. The aim was to identify common physical characteristics that could provide a competitive advantage. The participants included 140 male open-class rowers, 69 female open-class rowers, 50 male lightweight rowers, and 14 female lig...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410600812179
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to assess the effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal anaerobic running time, and mental performance. Eight men were exposed to a supplement treatment (30 mg NADH as ENACHI tablets per day) and to a placebo treatment, each of 4 we...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410701474200
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to evaluate the internal consistency and factor structure of the Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM) in youth athletes and quantify differences between individual task score at different stages of maturation. FMSTM and anthropometric variables were measured in 144 youth athletes (96 female, 48 male). Biologica...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1559980
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to evaluate the mechanisms underpinning performance in alpine ski racing, researchers have focused on the predictive validity of measures derived from fitness assessments. However, a limitation of this literature is the absence of practice time, since prolonged training may naturally develop specific fitn...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1823088
更新日期:2020-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to evaluate, by an electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) combined approach, whether years of specific climbing activity induced neuromuscular changes towards performances related to a functional prevalence of fast resistant or fast fatigable motor units. For this purpose, after t...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1035738
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international 'grand-slam' tennis and 'major' golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tourna...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/026404197367227
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study were to examine the changes in plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines induced by training and competition in professional cyclists. We report the serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), tumour necrosis factor receptors I and II (TNFR-I and -II...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640410500141158
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recreational tennis players tend to have higher incidence of tennis elbow, and this has been hypothesised to be related to one-handed backhand technique and off-centre ball impacts on the racket face. This study aimed to investigate for a range of participants the effect of off-longitudinal axis and off-lateral axis b...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1211308
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion enhances "feel-good" responses during acute exercise but no study has examined the effect of regular ingestion of CHO on affective valence. We investigated the effect of CHO ingestion on perceptual responses and perceived work intensity of individual exercise sessions throughout a 10-week ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1306651
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research indicates that instructing athlete's to focus on bodily movements (internal focus of attention [IFA]) may hinder performance, whereas instructing them to focus on the movement outcome (external focus of attention [EFA]) often enhances performance. Despite the importance of instructions in striking combat spor...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1175651
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healthy young male football players who were either fasting (n = 59) or not fasting (n = 36) during the month of Ramadan were studied. Body mass, body composition, and dietary intake were assessed at each time point. Energy intake was relatively stable in the fasting participants, but there was a small decrease of app...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410802409675
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rowing, power is inevitably lost as kinetic energy is imparted to the water during push-off with the blades. Power loss is estimated from reconstructed blade kinetics and kinematics. Traditionally, it is assumed that the oar is completely rigid and that force acts strictly perpendicular to the blade. The aim of the...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.495994
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research has shown that talented athletes outscore their mainstream peers on the basis of self-regulation. Although valuable, this does not tell us more about the distinction between good athletes and the best, which is a prerequisite in talent development. Therefore, we examined the self-regulatory skills of 222 male...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640411003797157
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to examine the acute effect of interferential current on mechanical pain threshold and isometric peak torque after delayed onset muscle soreness induction in human hamstrings. Forty-one physically active healthy male volunteers aged 18-33 years were randomly assigned to one of two experimenta...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.672025
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to identify the effects of adding spatial references during football small-sided games in youth players' tactical and physical performance. Twelve under-15 players performed a Gk+ 6v6+ Gk game under two playing conditions: (i) without spatial references (CONTROL condition); (ii) with spatial ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1523671
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comfort is important for running shoe prescription in athletes to enhance performance and potentially decrease injury risk. A three-stage process was used to develop a new running footwear comfort assessment tool (RUN-CAT): (i) a survey of 282 runners to identify meaningful items of comfort, (ii-a) field testing of 10...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1773613
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To characterize rugby union lineout throwing technique, three experienced male rugby players performed throwing trials under varying conditions of distance and trajectory. Motion analysis permitted the recovery of joint centre coordinates at 120 Hz and the construction of a three-dimensional linked segment model for c...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410701885629
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to compare multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks, radial basis function neural networks (RBF) and linear models (LM) accuracy to predict the centre of mass (CM) horizontal speed at low-moderate, heavy and severe swimming intensities using physiological and biomechanical dataset. Ten trained male swimmer...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1574949
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study were to examine the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the flywheel (FW)-squat test. Twenty male amateur team sports athletes (mean±SD: age 23±3 years) completed one familiarization session and two testing sessions including: FW-squat test with an inertial load of 0.061 kg.m2, sta...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1827530
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::The main purposes of this study were to investigate the acute effects of static and dynamic lower limb stretching routines: (a) on peak torque, total external work and joint angle at peak torque of the hamstrings during maximal eccentric isokinetic leg flexion; (b) on unilateral hamstring to quadriceps (H/Q) strength ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.751119
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a paucity of studies that have evaluated substrate utilisation and protein catabolism during multiday strenuous exercise in athletes. Eleven well-trained male cyclists completed 3 h of race-simulated cycling on 4 consecutive days. Cyclist exercised 2 h postprandially and with carbohydrate supplementation (~50...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.949827
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The causes of fatigue during muscular exercise include factors that reside in the brain (central mechanisms) as well as the muscles themselves (peripheral mechanisms). Central fatigue is largely unexplored, but there is increasing evidence that increased brain serotonin (5-HT) can lead to central (mental) fatigue, the...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02640419508732277
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the first time we aimed to: (1) assess fat-free mass (FFM) and RMR in youth soccer players, (2) compare measured RMR to estimated RMR using previously published prediction equations, and (3) develop a novel population-specific prediction equation. In a cross-sectional design, 99 males from a Premier League academy...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1717286
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation was undertaken in an effort to establish physiological characteristics of soccer players and to relate them to positional roles. A total of 135 footballers (age 24.4 +/- 4.6 years) were assessed for body mass, % body fat, haemoglobin, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), leg power, anaerobic capacity an...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640419208729950
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although research into coaching has increased considerably during the last two decades, an area of neglect has been that of the professional youth coach. The aim of this study was to investigate the working behaviours of six top-level professional soccer coaches. Data were collected using a modified version of the Ari...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410500131944
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Athletes report using imagery most often to successfully cope with and master challenging situations. This function of imagery is termed "motivational general-mastery" and includes imagining being focused, confident and in control in difficult circumstances. Also, athletes often use imagery to regulate their arousal l...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410500386167
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relationships between skeletal maturation and fundamental motor skills and gross motor coordination were evaluated in 429 children (213 boys and 216 girls) 7-10 years. Skeletal age was assessed (Tanner-Whitehouse 2 method), and stature, body mass, motor coordination (Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder, KTK) and funda...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.977935
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the collision between a striking implement and ball, the term "sweet spot" represents the impact location producing best results. In football kicking, it is not known if a sweet spot exists on the foot because no method to measure impact location in three-dimensional space exists. Therefore, the aims were: (1) deve...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1505408
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Drinkwater-Ross anthropometric fractionation of body mass (mass = sigma skeletal, residual, fat and muscle masses), lean body mass (LBM = sigma skeletal, residual and muscle masses) and fat mass (FM) were compared with the measured body mass, together with the densitometrically estimated fat-free mass (FFM) and fa...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640419108729891
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study examined Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (YYIR2) and submaximal YYIR1 test performances in 172 male semi-professional football players (age; 25.8 ± 4.1 years) representing all teams in a top league at pre-season, start-season, mid-season and end-season. YYIR2 performance was 847 ± 227 m (±SD) at pre-seas...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.824598
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00