Abstract:
:Synucleinopathies, with and without dementia, encompass a wide range of diseases including Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). DLB is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in slowly progressive and unrelenting dementia until death. Prevalence studies suggest that it is the second most common dementing illness in the elderly. The neuropathologic findings of DLB show a wide anatomic range. Lewy bodies and Lewy-related pathology are found from the brain stem to the cortex and, in many cases, associated with concurrent Alzheimer's disease pathology. A recent international consortium on DLB has resulted in revised criteria for the clinical and pathological diagnosis of DLB incorporating new information about the core clinical features and improved methods for their assessment. The presentation of DLB is typically one of cortical and subcortical cognitive impairments, with worse visuospatial and executive dysfunction than Alzheimer's disease. There may be relative sparing of memory especially in the early stages. Core clinical features of DLB include fluctuating attention, recurrent visual hallucinations, and parkinsonism. Suggestive features include REM sleep behavior disorder, severe neuroleptic sensitivity, and low dopamine transporter uptake in the basal ganglia on functional neuroimaging. Additional supportive features that commonly occur in DLB, but with lower specificity, include repeated falls and syncope, transient, unexplained loss of consciousness, severe autonomic dysfunction, hallucinations in other modalities, systematized delusions, depression, relative preservation of medial temporal lobe structures on structural neuroimaging, reduced occipital activity on functional neuroimaging, prominent slow wave activity on electroencephalogram, and low uptake myocardial scintigraphy. Management of DLB includes pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for its cognitive, neuropsychiatric, motor, and sleep disturbances.
journal_name
Semin Neuroljournal_title
Seminars in neurologyauthors
Weisman D,McKeith Idoi
10.1055/s-2006-956754subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-02-01 00:00:00pages
42-7issue
1eissn
0271-8235issn
1098-9021journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Treatment of dementias represents an important but relatively neglected part of neurological care of the elderly population. Individual therapeutic interventions may make only small changes to the quality of life of individuals afflicted with dementia, but when used in combination these interventions synergize and can...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1683408
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual field deficits are common in neurologic disease conditions such as cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and brain tumors. Loss of visual fields may lead to impairment of reading skills (hemianopic dyslexia) and limitations of daily activities such as driving, which can have a significant impact on a...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1563573
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccines have undoubtedly been a medical milestone, preventing immeasurable morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. Modern vaccines have tremendously reduced the global impact of numerous infections; they have succeeded in eliminating smallpox completely. However, the nature by which vaccines confe...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287655
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum toxin (BoNT) therapy is frequently employed in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms. It can effectively ameliorate the symptoms of cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, sialorrhea, and hyperactive bladder. It is increasingly being used for additional PD-related indications including limb dystonia, ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1602246
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI), such as those received in contact/collision sports, blast injury in military veterans, and domestic violence. Currently, CTE can only be diagnosed following death. Although the clinical features of form...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713624
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate outcome prognostication is critical to the management of patients with primary or spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Prognostication may guide the decision to pursue aggressive acute management or to plan proper goals of care for patients who will likely suffer long-term severe disability. In particu...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1581992
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diet may influence stroke risk via several mechanisms, but the optimal dietary habits for stroke prevention are not well established. We reviewed English-language MEDLINE publications from January 1979 through November 2004 for experimental, observational, and clinical studies of dietary factors (minerals, fats, chole...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2006-933305
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of neurologic disease and ichthyosis defines a heterogeneous group of rare inherited disorders that present in infancy through early adulthood. Although affected patients share the cutaneous feature of ichthyosis, there is variability in the nature and severity of neurologic disease. Impaired cognition...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1306390
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is common, and can be associated with many medical conditions. The majority of the patients with SFN suffer from painful paresthesia which can negatively impact their quality of life. Skin biopsy with intraepidermal nerve fiber density evaluation is the gold standard diagnostic test. Auton...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1688977
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent development in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy patients has been the identification of autoantibodies directed against various peripheral nerve antigens. For some conditions, assay for the antibodies can be very helpful in confirming a diagnosis. In others, an antibody may be associated with clinical ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040864
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer therapy can cause several neurotoxic syndromes that are associated with distinct findings on cranial imaging. With the use of more aggressive and combined treatment modalities in oncology and prolonged overall patient survival, neurotoxicity has been reported with increasing frequency in patients with brain can...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331817
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there are several animal models of Lyme disease, only the rhesus monkey model exhibits all of the key manifestations of the disease. After infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, rhesus monkeys develop signs of early localized, early disseminated, and chronic Lyme disease. Specific features include erythema migr...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040913
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain is common but often underrecognized after stroke. Poststroke pain (PSP) hinders recovery, impairs quality of life, and is associated with the psychological state of patients with stroke. The most common subtypes of PSP include central PSP, complex regional pain syndrome, shoulder pain, spasticity-related pain, an...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1722641
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome, which is characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor, and postural instability. Idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common cause of this syndrome, though there are several other important etiologies that must be considered. These include the atypical Parkinsonian...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1585097
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lightning and electrical injuries have widespread manifestations involving almost all organ systems of the body, including the central nervous system (CNS) and the eye. This article considers the neuro-ophthalmologic effects of lightning and electrical injury. ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1041041
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disorders of gait and balance are common in medicine and often lead to referral for neurologic evaluation. Because the maintenance of balance and normal gait are mediated by complex neurologic pathways as well as musculoskeletal, metabolic, and behavioral considerations, the list of possible contributing causes is ver...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1354601
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell transplantation is an experimental therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other movement disorders. Several open-label research trials have shown clinically meaningful improvement in parkinsonian signs and symptoms after striatal transplantation of allogeneic fetal ventral mesencephalic (FVM) tissue. However, e...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2001-13125
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myotonic dystrophies and channelopathies are rare but important causes of muscle diseases which may present with myotonia, episodic attacks of weakness, fixed muscle weakness, and atrophy or their combination. Here, the authors provide an overview of these disorders and describe their clinical and pathophysiological f...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1558979
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnancy and the postpartum period confer an increased risk of stroke. The risk appears to be increased for all strokes during the puerperium and for hemorrhagic strokes during pregnancy. During pregnancy, physiologic systems are under increased stress to accommodate the growing fetus, which results in substantial he...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1608940
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians commonly encounter patients with cerebrovascular disorders in the hospital. Now, as never before, there are many effective diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Several examples of typical cases of stroke and transient ischemic attack are presented in order to illustrate a rational approach to diagnosis an...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2003-814740
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vast majority of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reside in resource-limited settings. As compared with resource-rich settings, there are important differences in the epidemiology and outcomes of HIV infection in resource-limited settings. Nonetheless, little HIV neurology research o...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1372344
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke in the distribution of the posterior circulation may present as acute onset spontaneous vertigo and imbalance. Although vertigo due to posterior circulation stroke is usually associated with other neurologic symptoms or signs, small infarcts in the cerebellum or brainstem can present with vertigo without other ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1354600
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telemedicine is the use of electronic communication methods, such as the telephone, the Internet, and videoconferencing, to exchange medical information from one geographic site to another. Telestroke is the use of telemedicine specifically for stroke care. A strokologist is a physician with the special skills require...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1268869
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infective endocarditis (IE) is a systemic disease with many potential neurologic manifestations including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, cerebral microbleeding, infectious intracranial aneurysms, meningitis, brain abscesses, and encephalopathy. The majority of left-sided (heart) IE patients have brain lesions that ...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1688826
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychogenic (nonepileptic) seizures are among the most common and serious of all psychogenic neurological disorders. They account for approximately 20% of all intractable seizure disorders referred to comprehensive epilepsy centers and present with a reported annual incidence of approximately 4% that of true epilepsy....
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2006-945520
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PPS is now a well-recognized entity encompassing the late manifestations that occur because of previous poliomyelitis. Common signs and symptoms include fatigue, cold intolerance, joint deteriorations with pain, and prominent neurologic problems that include new weakness, muscle pain, atrophy, respiratory insuffic...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1041136
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine are key central neurotransmitters that participate in many neurobehavioral processes and disease states. Norepinephrine is also the main neurotransmitter mediating regulation of the circulation by the sympathetic nervous system. Several neurodegenerative disorders feature...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713874
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency with an outcome that is highly associated with the initial pharmacotherapy management that must be administered in a timely fashion. Beyond first-line therapy of status epilepticus, treatment is not guided by robust evidence. Optimal pharmacotherapy selection for individu...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1718721
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a manifestation of perinatal asphyxial insult that continues to evolve over days to weeks following the initial injury. Therapeutic hypothermia has demonstrated that a proportion of this secondary brain injury may indeed be preventable. However, therapeutic hypothermia has also...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1702939
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotoxic venoms are common among tropical marine creatures, which have specialized apparatuses for delivery of the venoms. These include jellyfish and anemones, venomous cone snails, venomous fish, stingrays, sea snakes, and venomous octopuses. Numerous toxic neuropeptides are found within these venoms, and some can...
journal_title:Seminars in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2005-917664
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00