Inhibiting costimulatory activation of T cells : a viable treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis?

abstract：:In ten large, well-controlled, randomised trials (n = 203 to 1089), valdecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-2, was significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and pain associated with primary dysmenorrhoea, and for postsurgical analgesia. Valdecoxib 1...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Ormrod D,Wellington K,Wagstaff AJ

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tuberculosis continues to be a major cause of disease and death throughout the developing world. Chemotherapy is the current method of control but with the continuing emergence of drug resistance, coupled with the reticence of major drug companies to invest in drug discovery, the identification of new vaccines to comb...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Orme IM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cilazapril is an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor which lowers peripheral vascular resistance without affecting heart rate. Like enalapril and ramipril it is a prodrug, and is hydrolysed after absorption to cilazaprilat, which has a long terminal phase elimination half-life permitting once d...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Deget F,Brogden RN

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vemurafenib is the first molecularly targeted therapy to be licensed in the US and Europe for treatment of advanced melanoma. Its mechanism of action involves selective inhibition of the mutated BRAF V600E kinase that leads to reduced signalling through the aberrant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Its...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Sharma A,Shah SR,Illum H,Dowell J

更新日期：2012-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews the theoretical concepts and methods utilised with isolated tissues to characterise drugs and drug receptors. Specifically the impact, on the in vitro measurement of agonist affinity and relative efficacy, of the idea that receptors bind to transduction proteins in the lipid bilayer of the cell memb...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Kenakin T

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Developed by Bayer in Germany, nifedipine was shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with angina pectoris by Japanese investigators. Professor Kimura first reported the efficacy of nifedipine in patients with angina pectoris and those findings have been replicated in numerous trials conducted since then. C...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Hosoda S

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Budesonide MMX(®) (Cortiment(®); Uceris(®)) is a novel once-daily oral formulation of budesonide using Multi Matrix (MMX(®)) colonic delivery technology to permit the release of budesonide at a controlled rate throughout the colon. It is available in the USA for the induction of remission in patients with active, mild...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Hoy SM

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTX-A) weakens voluntary muscle strength and is an effective therapy for focal dystonia, including cervical dystonia (CD) and benign essential blepharospasm (BEB). It is also known to relieve hemifacial spasm and focal spasticity in children and adults. In addition, BTX-A has been shown to...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Jost WH,Blümel J,Grafe S

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of antibiotic resistance is primarily due to excessive and often unnecessary use of antibiotics in humans and animals. Risk factors for the spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals and the community can be summarised as over-crowding, lapses in hygiene or poor infection control practices. Increasing ant...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Rao GG

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patient compliance refers to the willingness and ability of an individual to follow health-related advice, to take medication as prescribed, to attend scheduled clinic appointments and to complete recommended investigations. It is a major health issue, with outcomes related to levels of morbidity, mortality and cost u...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Murphy J,Coster G

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fenfluramine has been used for a number of years as a short-term adjunct to diet in the management of obesity. Controlled studies and clinical experience have shown that it possesses anorectic activity at least as good as that of other therapeutically useful drugs of its type, but like these drugs it has only a limite...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Pinder RM,Brogden RN,Sawyer PR,Speight TM,Avery GS

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well documented that long term treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increases the risk of peptic ulcer and that gastroduodenal mucosal erosions can be demonstrated in volunteers within 1 week of treatment initiation. However, long term studies in nonsurgical patients have not documented g...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Kehlet H,Dahl JB

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 % (Diquas(®)) is a P2Y2 receptor agonist that promotes tear fluid and mucin secretion and is currently approved in Japan and South Korea for the treatment of dry eye. In randomized, double-blind, multicentre trials in patients with dry eye, significantly greater improvements in fluores...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Keating GM

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The annual incidence of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) has nearly tripled in the US since the early 1990s. Many purulent SSTIs in the community setting are caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Incision and drainage (I&D) are indicated for most purulent MRSA infections; however, the us...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Forcade NA,Wiederhold NP,Ryan L,Talbert RL,Frei CR

更新日期：2012-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacological treatment of hypertension can, cause clinically significant alterations in endocrine function and glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive efficacy and the influence on carbohydrate metabolism of carvedilol and metoprolol in non-insulin-dependent diabetics with...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Ehmer B,van der Does R,Rudorf J

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The increased understanding of the mechanisms which underlie rheumatoid disease has been accompanied by a more appropriate use of the limited repertoire of therapeutic agents. Conventional second-line drugs still have a role in everyday practice. The efficacy of these agents in reducing the severity of clinical signs ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Luqmani R,Gordon C,Bacon P

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, there have been major advances in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), leading to the development of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. With these agents, it is possible to arrest joint damage and, by treating early in the disease course, to prevent joint damage. It is also now thought ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Montecucco C

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcal pharyngitis is a common infection in children and adolescents. The great majority of these infections are caused by group A beta-haemolytic streptococci. Although the use of penicillins for group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis has reduced the incidence of rheumatic fever, in the past decade ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Scaglione F,Demartini G,Arcidiacono MM,Pintucci JP

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trifluridine (trifluorothymidine) is an antiviral agent for topical use in the eye, and is structurally related to idoxuridine. In vitro studies have shown that it effectively inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1, which causes primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis in man. I...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Carmine AA,Brogden RN,Heel RC,Speight TM,Avery GS

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rabeprazole is an inhibitor of the gastric proton pump. It causes dose-dependent inhibition of acid secretion and has a more rapid onset of action than omeprazole. Duodenal ulcers healed faster after treatment with rabeprazole 20 or 40 mg/day than placebo or ranitidine 150 mg 4 times daily and at a generally similar r...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Langtry HD,Markham A

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral zonisamide (Zonegran(®)) is a benzisoxazole derivative chemically unrelated to other antiepileptic agents. It is indicated in the EU as monotherapy in the treatment of partial seizures, with or without secondary generalization, in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy and as adjunctive therapy to other antiepilept...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Hoy SM

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and eosinophils, are thought to actively contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma since they infiltrate into the lung tissue and may be activated locally to release bronchoconstrictor mediators. In this study we provide evidence that nedocromil sodium is capable of effectively i...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Bruijnzeel PL,Warringa RA,Kok PT,Hamelink ML,Kreukniet J

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisoprolol is a beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist with no partial agonist (intrinsic sympathomimetic) activity or membrane stabilising (local anaesthetic) activity. The oral bioavailability of bisoprolol is high (90%) and the drug has a long elimination half-life which allows once-daily administration; in addition, it is...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Lancaster SG,Sorkin EM

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with a variable disease course and response to therapy. Some infected patients may develop little or no disease for 30 to 40 years, whereas others will develop cirrhosis within 5 to 10 years. Both host and viral factors influence the rate of disease progression. The mana...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Thomas HC,Booth J,Brown J

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since their introduction 15 years ago, retinoids have been increasingly used for topical and systemic treatment of psoriasis and other hyperkeratotic and parakeratotic skin disorders, keratotic genodermatoses, severe acne and acne-related dermatoses, and also for therapy and/or chemoprevention of skin cancer and other...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Orfanos CE,Zouboulis CC,Almond-Roesler B,Geilen CC

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in normal subjects, and in patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction are reviewed. After intravenous administration of 2 g of cefoperazone, levels in serum ranged from 202 to 375 microgram/ml depending on the period of drug administration. After intramuscular injection of 2 g of ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Craig WA,Gerber AU

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertension is common in chronic renal disease and is a risk factor for the faster progression of renal damage, and reduction of blood pressure (BP) is an efficient way of preventing or slowing the progression of this damage. International guidelines recommend lowering BP to 140/90 mm Hg or less in patients with unco...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Wenzel RR

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, patients with advanced thyroid cancers had limited options for systemic treatment. With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as a promising new class of targeted therapies for thyroid cancer, suddenly patients with advanced disease were given new options to extend survival. Guidelines ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Lirov R,Worden FP,Cohen MS

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rilpivirine is an orally administered, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is a component drug in combination therapy for antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV-1 infection. The randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multinational ECHO and THRIVE trials in antiretroviral-naive adult patients with HIV-...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Sanford M

更新日期：2012-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that affects up to 2% of the general population. Currently available treatment options for AA are of limited efficacy and can be associated with adverse effects. The advancement in understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of AA has led to the development of ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Pourang A,Mesinkovska NA

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00