Abstract:
:Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological studies and animal models now indicate that the origins of obesity and related metabolic disorders lie not only in the interaction between genes and traditional adult risk factors, such as unbalanced diet and physical inactivity, but also in the interplay between genes and the embryonic, fetal and early postnatal environment. Whilst studies in man initially focused on the relationship between low birth weight and risk of adult obesity and metabolic syndrome, evidence is also growing to suggest that increased birth weight and/or adiposity at birth can also lead to increased risk for childhood and adult obesity. Hence, there appears to be increased risk of obesity at both ends of the birth weight spectrum. Animal models, including both under- and overnutrition in pregnancy and lactation lend increasing support to the developmental origins of obesity. This review focuses upon the influence of the maternal nutritional and hormonal environment in pregnancy in permanently programming appetite and energy expenditure and the hormonal, neuronal and autocrine mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of energy balance in the offspring. We discuss the potential maternal programming 'vectors' and the molecular mechanisms that may lead to persistent pathophysiological changes resulting in subsequent disease. The perinatal environment, which appears to programme subsequent obesity, provides a potential therapeutic target, and work in this field will readily translate into improved interventional strategies to stem the growing epidemic of obesity, a disease which, once manifest, has proven particularly resistant to treatment.
journal_name
Exp Physioljournal_title
Experimental physiologyauthors
Taylor PD,Poston Ldoi
10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032854subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-01 00:00:00pages
287-98issue
2eissn
0958-0670issn
1469-445Xpii
expphysiol.2005.032854journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Previous studies have shown that prolactin administration to pregnant rats results in offspring with enhanced abundance of the brown adipose tissue-specific uncoupling protein (UCP) 1. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether a similar effect was observed after birth and if the sex of the animal further ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032037
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abstract::Growing lambs fed a diet containing NaHCO3 were made acidotic by intravenously infusing HCl at the rate of 1 mmol/min over a 4 h period. Acid infusion led to a fall in blood and urine pH and a prompt increase in urinary Ca excretion. This in turn led to a fall in plasma Ca concentration and a rise in parathyroid hormo...
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
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doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2003.002640
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2013.076547
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1991.sp003561
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-445x.2002.tb00059.x
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::What is the central question of this study? Failure to terminate apnoea and arouse is likely to contribute to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Serotonin is deficient in the brainstems of babies who died of SIDS. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that serotonin in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) would sho...
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doi:10.1113/EP085716
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2014.080986
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inward transport of two purines, adenosine and hypoxanthine, at 37 degrees C by horse erythrocytes was compared. No mediated transport of adenosine was detected in horse erythrocytes, nor was saturable, high-affinity binding of the potent facilitated-diffusion inhibitor nitrobenzylthioinosine demonstrable in horse...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
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doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1998.sp004104
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurohypophysial hormone vasopressin contributes to control of urine output and, while urine flow shows a clear daily rhythm, there has been debate as to whether this is true of neurohypophysial hormones. A study was performed on fifteen adult males, with a mean age of 25 years, over a 24 h period, nine blood samp...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1998.sp004124
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
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更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
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更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
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更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
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doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033274
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
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更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1995.sp003836
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of altered maternal salt intake between 122 and 127 days gestation (term is 150 days) were studied in eight fetuses carried by ewes which had renal insufficiency caused by subtotal nephrectomy (STNxF) and seven fetuses carried by intact ewes (IntF). Plasma sodium and osmolality were increased in ewes with subt...
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更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1995.sp003889
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension caused by chronic infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) in experimental animals is dependent, in part, on increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. This chronic sympathoexcitatory response is amplified by a high-salt diet, suggesting an interaction of circulating Ang II and dietary salt on sympa...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.060491
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of hypotonic solutions on intracellular Ca2+ were determined on primary cultures of human detrusor smooth muscle cells. In the presence of external Ca2+, changing from a solution containing 290 mosmol l-1 to one containing 240 mosmol l-1 (80% normal tonicity) activated a rise in intracellular Ca2+. If the ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
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doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1997.sp004056
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo microperfusion techniques were used to investigate the role of Na+-H+ exchange in the efferent ducts of the rat. Individual efferent ducts were perfused with a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRB) containing 0, 1, 3, 5 or 7.5 mM amiloride. Concentrations of 1-5 mM amiloride inhibited fluid reabsorption from...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are abundant animal data attempting to identify the neural circuitry involved in cardiovascular control. Translating this research into humans has been made possible using functional neurosurgery during which deep brain stimulating electrodes are implanted into various brain nuclei for the treatment of chronic p...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.060848
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00