Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. We investigated the effects of the PKC activator, the tetradecanylphorbol acetate (TPA), in human pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS:Cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation. Expression of cell cycle proteins was investigated by Western blot. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure p21 messenger RNA expression, whereas knockdown of its expression was accomplished with a specific small interferring RNA. Cell cycle phases were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS:TPA time and concentration dependently inhibited thymidine incorporation in Panc-1 and CD18 cells and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. The TPA decreased cyclin A and B expression, increased cyclin E, and markedly increased the expression of p21 at both the messenger RNA and protein levels. TPA-induced p21 expression and growth inhibition were blocked by the PKC inhibitor, bisindoylmaleimide. TPA induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 phosphorylation, whereas the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, blocked the TPA-induced p21 expression. Small interferring RNA targeted to p21 blocked TPA-induced p21 protein expression but not TPA-induced cell growth arrest. CONCLUSIONS:TPA-induced p21 expression is mediated by the MEK/ERK pathway but is not involved in TPA-induced growth inhibition. In contrast, cyclin A and cyclin B are likely involved in TPA-induced G2/M arrest because both proteins are involved in S phase and G2/M transition during cell proliferation.
journal_name
Pancreasjournal_title
Pancreasauthors
Salabat MR,Ding XZ,Flesche JB,Ujiki MB,Robin TP,Talamonti MS,Bell RH Jr,Adrian TEdoi
10.1097/01.mpa.0000226896.93945.41subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-08-01 00:00:00pages
148-55issue
2eissn
0885-3177issn
1536-4828pii
00006676-200608000-00007journal_volume
33pub_type
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