Abstract:
:In Europe, in light of ethical, political and commercial pressure, every effort should be made to replace animals with alternatives (e.g. in vitro models), to reduce the number of animals used in experiments to a minimum and to refine current testing strategies in a way that ensures animals undergo minimum pain and distress. Methods currently used in toxicology for mandatory safety tests rely heavily on the dosing of animals, followed by the detection and pathological evaluation of manifested toxic lesions. Through the integration of so-called 'omics' technologies, a global analysis of treatment-related changes on the molecular level becomes feasible and therefore might provide a means for predicting toxicity before classical toxicological endpoints. This Opinion article summarizes the key features of pushing the '3R' principles in animal testing, discusses the possible impact on safety testing in toxicology and describes the potential of using omics technologies for improved toxicity prediction to meet ethical, political and commercial expectations.
journal_name
Trends Biotechnoljournal_title
Trends in biotechnologyauthors
Kroeger Mdoi
10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.06.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-08-01 00:00:00pages
343-6issue
8eissn
0167-7799issn
1879-3096pii
S0167-7799(06)00135-1journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Psychrophilic anaerobic treatment is an attractive option for wastewaters that are discharged at moderate to low temperature. The expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor has been shown to be a feasible system for anaerobic treatment of mainly soluble and pre-acidified wastewater at temperatures of 5--10 degrees C....
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(01)01701-2
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanobacteria promise to be an important industrial platform for the production of a variety of biobased products such as fuels, plastics, and isoprenoids. Recent advances in synthetic biology have resulted in various cyanobacterial strain improvements. Nevertheless, these new strains are still hampered by product inh...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.006
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-linked glycoproteins include such biologically important molecules as cell-surface receptors, cell-adhesion molecules, immunoglobulins and other serum proteins, and tumor antigens. Investigating the role of carbohydrate in glycoprotein function has included the use of glycosylation inhibitors or site-directed mutage...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0167-7799(91)90117-z
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nature's most potent molecules are produced by enzyme-catalysed reactions, coupled with the natural selection of those products that possess optimal biological activity. Combinatorial biocatalysis harnesses the natural diversity of enzymatic reactions for the iterative synthesis of organic libraries. Iterative reactio...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(98)01190-1
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is possible to improve the sensitivity of immunoassays by several orders of magnitude by exploiting nanoenvironmental effects. This approach can detect trace amounts of compounds and will better illuminate the presence of signal substances in biological systems. Here we describe a method for ultrasensitive immunoas...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.001
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegenerative diseases are of major socioeconomic importance and represent an enormous challenge for the scientific and medical communities. Advances in molecular genetics during the past decade have begun to provide approaches for the establishment of animal models for these disorders using transgenic technology....
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01066-4
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Centromeres are a conundrum; although many proteins associated with centomeres are conserved from yeast to humans, the underlying DNA sequence is not. A proposed solution to this problem is that an epigenetic, largely heterochromatic, state be imposed by these proteins. Recent analysis of a human neocentromere and the...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.04.015
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unicellular alga Dunaliella salina is the most interesting cell factory for the commercial production of beta-carotene because this species accumulates carotenoids to high concentrations. Nevertheless, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation. Here, we review the regulatory mechan...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.07.002
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marine natural products (NP) are unanimously acknowledged as the 'blue gold' in the urgent quest for new pharmaceuticals. Although corals are among the marine organisms with the greatest diversity of secondary metabolites, growing evidence suggest that their symbiotic bacteria produce most of these bioactive metabolit...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.06.004
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Along with the great strides that have been made towards understanding cancer, has come a realization of the complexity of molecular events that lead to malignancy. Proteomics-based approaches, which enable the quantitative investigation of both cellular protein expression levels and protein-protein interactions invol...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01801-7
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biohacking is a do-it-yourself citizen science merging body modification with technology. The motivations of biohackers include cybernetic exploration, personal data acquisition, and advocating for privacy rights and open-source medicine. The emergence of a biohacking community has influenced discussions of cultural v...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.02.011
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated several microorganisms that are adapted to living in the extremes of the deep-sea environment. They include barophilic bacteria, which are able to grow at high hydrostatic pressure, but that are unable to grow at atmospheric pressure, and organic-solvent-tolerant bacteria, which are able to grow in th...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0167-7799(96)80907-3
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct delivery of purified Cas9 protein with guide RNA into plant cells, as opposed to plasmid-mediated delivery, displays high efficiency and reduced off-target effects. Following regeneration from edited cells, the ensuing plant is also likely to bypass genetically modified organism (GMO) legislation as the genome ...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.04.002
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dual-use research, which results in knowledge that can be used for both good and ill, has become increasingly accessible in the internet age to both scientists and the general public. Here, we outline some major milestones for dual-use policy and present three vignettes that highlight contemporary dual-use issues in b...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.016
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reconstituted viral envelopes (RVEs) are formed by solubilizing intact virus in detergent and reassembling the envelope on removal of detergent. RVEs can be formed in the presence of agents that become encapsulated and can then be utilized in vitro and in vivo for drug delivery, cell destruction, transfer of membrane ...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0167-7799(91)90184-J
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal cancers rank second in overall cancer-related deaths. Carotenoids, sulfated polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from microalgae exhibit cancer chemopreventive features at different stages of carcinogenesis. For instance, sulfated polysaccharides bear a prophylactic potential via b...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.11.004
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soft biofunctional and biocompatible interfaces on solids designed by the deposition of ultrathin soft polymer films or supported membranes have numerous scientific and practical applications. These include the immobilization of glycolipids, membrane receptors and proteins to generate models of cell and tissue surface...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(99)01412-2
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclodextrins, macrocyclic carbohydrates with apolar internal cavities, can form complexes with, and solubilize many normally water-insoluble compounds. Ferrocene and its derivatives, tetrathiafulvalene and tetramethylbenzidine, can function as redox mediators, but are insoluble in water; when they are complexed with ...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(00)89002-2
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular microarrays are powerful experimental tools for high-throughput screening of large numbers of test samples. Miniaturization increases assay throughput while reducing reagent consumption and the number of cells required, making these systems attractive for a wide range of assays in drug discovery, toxicology, ...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.02.009
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its inception a decade ago, sol-gel encapsulation has opened up an intriguing new way to immobilize biological materials. An array of substances, including catalytic antibodies, DNA, RNA, antigens, live bacterial, fungal, plant and animal cells and whole protozoa, have been encapsulated in silica, metal-oxide, o...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(00)01457-8
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of a class of molecules that are activated by light, and which accumulate in, and are retained by, certain abnormal tissues. When these molecules (known as photosensitizers) are activated by light, they cause the formation of active forms of oxygen, which result in the killi...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(00)88895-2
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular delivery of therapeutic antibodies is highly desirable but remains a challenge for biomedical research and the pharmaceutical industry. Approximately two-thirds of disease-associated targets are found inside the cell. Difficulty blocking these targets with available drugs creates a need for technology to...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.07.003
更新日期:2020-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Overall, the meeting was timely and worthwhile. It is evident that there is a need for comparative studies to establish a firm foundation for future work. This is particularly important since it appears that the responses observed are influenced by the particular strain used for attenuation, the means of attenuation, ...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-7799(90)90184-y
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins are important synthetic intermediates for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. They are produced by enzyme-catalysed synthesis using oxynitrilases. Sufficient quantities of enzyme are available via cheap natural sources and there have been recent advances in overexpression production o...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(00)01452-9
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we discuss recent advances in the development of artificial red blood cell (RBC) substitutes, illustrating lessons learned from initial attempts using perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions and acellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). We also highlight novel oxygen-containing microparticles, nanoparticles, a...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.05.001
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Are current docking methods capable of building complexes from putative component protein structures? Results of recent computational studies, including those of the CAPRI (Critical Assessment of Protein Interactions) competition, were used to determine the key properties for successful docking and introduce a classif...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.01.006
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular imaging permits non-invasive visualization and measurement of molecular and cell biology in living subjects, thereby complementing conventional anatomical imaging. Herein, we review the emerging application of molecular imaging for the study of musculoskeletal biology. Utilizing mainly bioluminescence and fl...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.11.004
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, the current status of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment is reviewed. Fundamental facets of the MBR process and membrane and process configurations are outlined and the advantages and disadvantages over conventional suspended growth-based biotreatment are briefly identified....
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.005
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many of the demands in the production of microalgae at a technical scale cannot presently be met by state-of-the-art cultivation technologies based on suspensions. Immobilized cultivation using porous substrate bioreactors (PSBRs) is characterized by a reduction of liquid reaction volumes by several orders of magnitud...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.06.004
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flow cytometry is a rapid method for the quantitative measurement of light scattering and fluorescent properties of cells. Although this technique has been widely applied to biomedical and environmental studies, its potential as a tool in ecotoxicological studies has not yet been fully exploited. This article describe...
journal_title:Trends in biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(01)01924-2
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00