Abstract:
:Small GTP-binding proteins of the highly conserved Rho family act as molecular switches regulating cell signalling, cytoskeletal organization and vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells. Here we show that in the dimorphic plant pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis deletion of either cdc42 or rac1 results in loss of virulence but does not interfere with viability. Cells deleted for cdc42 display a cell separation defect during budding. We have previously shown that the Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Don1 is required for cell separation in U. maydis. Expression of constitutive active Cdc42 rescues the phenotype of don1 mutant cells indicating that Don1 triggers cell separation by activating Cdc42. Deletion of rac1 affects cellular morphology and interferes with hyphal growth, whereas overexpression of wild-type Rac1 induces filament formation in haploid cells. This indicates that Rac1 is both necessary and sufficient for the dimorphic switch from budding to hyphal growth. Cdc42 and Rac1 share at least one common essential function because depletion of both Rac1 and Cdc42 is lethal. Expression of constitutively active Rac1(Q61L) is lethal and results in swollen cells with a large vacuole. The morphological phenotype, but not lethality is suppressed in cla4 mutant cells suggesting that the PAK family kinase Cla4 acts as a downstream effector of Rac1.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Mahlert M,Leveleki L,Hlubek A,Sandrock B,Bölker Mdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04952.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
567-78issue
2eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958pii
MMI4952journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Protein phosphatases 2C are a family of conserved enzymes involved in many aspects of the cell biology. We reported that, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, overexpression of the Ptc3p isoform resulted in increased lithium tolerance in the hypersensitive hal3 background. We have found that the tolerance induced by...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05370.x
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transposon insertion mutagenesis and transformation were used to locate genes responsible for excision in the temperature phage HP1 of Haemophilus influenzae. A 6.5 kb segment of DNA near the left end of the phage genome was sequenced, and 11 new open reading frames were identified. Two face-to-face overlapping promot...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00462.x
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the chemotaxis of Escherichia coli, adaptation requires the methylation and demethylation of transmembrane receptors, which are catalysed by the methyltransferase CheR and the methylesterase CheB respectively. CheR binds to major chemoreceptors through their C-terminal motif NWETF, which is distinct from the methyl...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01834.x
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, the fmdECB operon encoding the molybdenum formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase is directly preceded by an open reading frame tfx predicted to encode a DNA binding protein. The 16.1 kDa protein has an N-terminal basic domain with a helix-turn-helix motif for DNA binding and a C-ter...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01204.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crystallographic structure refinement at very high resolutions of a dozen periplasmic receptors has revealed that, though they have different sizes (26 to 60 kDa) and little sequence homology, they have high tertiary structure similarity. They consist of two distinct globular domains bisected by a cleft or groove wher...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02484.x
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The level of DnaA, a key bacterial DNA replication initiation factor, increases during the Caulobacter swarmer-to-stalked transition just before the G1/S transition. We show that DnaA coordinates DNA replication initiation with cell cycle progression by acting as a global transcription factor. Using DnaA depletion and...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04912.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron is a critical nutrient for the growth and survival of most bacterial species. Accordingly, much attention has been paid to the mechanisms by which host organisms sequester iron from invading bacteria and how bacteria acquire iron from their environment. However, under oxidative stress conditions such as those enc...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/mmi.12709
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic approaches can address the question of how integral membrane Sec factors interact with each other and facilitate protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli. This review summarizes genetic analyses of SecY, SecE and some other protein translocation factors, utilizing 'prl' mutations, 'sec'...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01417.x
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-negative bacteria possess several envelope stress responses that detect and respond to damage to this critical cellular compartment. The σ(E) envelope stress response senses the misfolding of outer membrane proteins (OMPs), while the Cpx two-component system is believed to detect the misfolding of periplasmic and...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12581
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial autotransporters consist of an N-terminal 'passenger domain' that is transported into the extracellular space by an unknown mechanism and a C-terminal 'beta-domain' that forms a beta-barrel in the outer membrane. Recent studies have revealed that fully assembled autotransporters have an unusual architecture ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06048.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus strain M produces large amounts of capsular polysaccharide. It produces a non-encapsulated variant at a frequency of 0.01% at 37 degrees C. At high temperature (43 degrees C), the frequency of capsule loss was shown to be 1-38%. A 19 kb plasmid and a prophage were found to be carried by the M str...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb00872.x
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major obstacle to tuberculosis (TB) control is the problem of chronic TB infection (CTBI). Here we report that 5'-adenosinephosphosulphate reductase (CysH), an enzyme essential for the production of reduced-sulphur-containing metabolites, is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survival in chronic infection...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05075.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmodium vivax is one of four Plasmodium species that cause human malaria. P. vivax and a related simian malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, invade erythrocytes by binding the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) through their respective Duffy binding proteins. Here we show that tyrosines 30 and 41 of DAR...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04478.x
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in crucifers. Our previous findings revealed that Xcc can degrade 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) via the β-ketoadipate pathway. This present study expands on this knowledge in several ways. First, we show that infective Xcc cells induce in sit...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.14585
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative, soil-dwelling bacterium with a complex life cycle which includes fruiting body formation and sporulation in response to starvation. This developmental process is slow, requiring a minimum of 24-48 h, and requires cells to be at high cell density on a solid surface. It is known th...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3931757.x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthesis and secretion of the 110kDa haemolysin toxin of Escherichia coli and other pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria are governed by the four genes of the hly operon. We have identified, by transposon mutagenesis, an E. coli cellular locus, hlyT, required for the synthesis and secretion of haemolysin encoded in tran...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb02166.x
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wild strains of Bacillus subtilis are capable of forming architecturally complex communities of cells known as biofilms. Critical to biofilm formation is the eps operon, which is believed to be responsible for the biosynthesis of an exopolysaccharide that binds chains of cells together in bundles. We report that trans...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04440.x
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetoplastid topoisomerase IB is an unusual bisubunit enzyme where reconstitution of the large (LdTOPIL or L) and small (LdTOPIS or S) subunits shows functional activity. It is yet to be deciphered whether one subunit or both navigate the heterodimer to its cellular DNA targets. Tethering a specific DNA-binding prote...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06002.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that continues to be a significant global health threat because of the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). The pathogenesis of this organism is partly attributed to the production of a large repertoire of cytotoxins that target and kill innate im...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07490.x
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Folate metabolism in malaria parasites is a long-standing, clinical target for chemotherapy and prophylaxis. However, despite determination of the complete genome sequence of the lethal species Plasmodium falciparum, the pathway of de novo folate biosynthesis remains incomplete, as no candidate gene for dihydroneopter...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06073.x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified gene fusions of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC, speD) and aminopropyltransferase (speE) orthologues in diverse bacterial phyla. Both domains are functionally active and we demonstrate the novel de novo synthesis of the triamine spermidine from the diamine...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07757.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulation of stalled ribosomes at the 3' end of mRNA without a stop codon (non-stop mRNA) is supposed to be toxic to bacterial cells. Escherichia coli has at least two distinct systems to rescue such stalled ribosomes: SsrA-dependent trans-translation and ArfA-dependent ribosome rescue. Combination of the ssrA and ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07607.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspergillus fumigatus, an important human nosocomial pathogen, is resistant to sordarin derivatives, a new family of antifungals that inhibit protein synthesis by interaction with the EF-2-ribosomal stalk complex. To explore the role of the A. fumigatus ribosome in the resistance mechanism, the fungal stalk proteins w...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02736.x
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histidine kinases function as dimers. The kinase domain of the osmosensing histidine kinase EnvZ of Escherichia coli consists of two domains: domain A (67 residues) responsible for histidine phosphotransfer and dimerization, and domain B (161 residues) responsible for the catalytic and ATP-binding function. The indivi...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01837.x
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial biofilms contain subpopulations of cells that are dormant and highly tolerant to antibiotics. While dormant, the bacteria must maintain the integrity of macromolecules required for resuscitation. Previously, we showed that hibernation promoting factor (HPF) is essential for protecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.14001
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Palindromic units (PU or REP) were defined as 40-nucleotide DNA sequences which are highly repeated in the genome of several members of the Enterobacteriaceae. They were shown to be a constituent of the bacterial interspersed mosaic element (BIME), in which they are associated with other repetitive sequences. We repor...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00995.x
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial flagellum contains a specialized secretion apparatus in its base that pumps certain protein subunits through the growing structure to their sites of installation beyond the membrane. A related apparatus functions in the injectisomes of gram-negative pathogens to export virulence factors into host cells. ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13623
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vegetative replication and partitioning of many plasmids and some chromosomes of alphaproteobacteria are directed by their repABC operons. RepA and RepB proteins direct the partitioning of replicons to daughter cells, while RepC proteins are replication initiators, although they do not resemble any characterized repli...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07789.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::While Vipp1 (also known as IM30) clearly is essential for proper biogenesis of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, the exact function of Vipp1/IM30 still remains unclear. The recent in vivo study of Gutu et al. now demonstrates that Vipp1/IM30 forms localized puncta specifically at highly curved mem...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13924
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of complex developmental processes involving vegetative swarming and fruiting body formation. Social (S-) gliding motility, one of the two motility systems used by M. xanthus, requires at least two cell surface structures: type IV pili (TFP) and extracellular pol...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07180.x
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00