Abstract:
PURPOSE:To inform ophthalmologists of the current status of visual training. DESIGN:Personal perspective. METHOD:A perspective and analysis of current practices that include a review of the literature and personal experiences of the author. RESULTS:Visual training of some sort has been used for centuries. In the first half of the twentieth century, in cooperation with ophthalmologists, orthoptists introduced a wide variety of training techniques that were designed primarily to improve binocular function. In the second half of the twentieth century, visual training activities were taken up by optometrists and paramedical personnel to treat conditions that ranged from uncomfortable vision to poor reading or academic performance. Other visual training has been aimed at the elimination of a wide variety of systemic symptoms and for the specific improvement of sight and even for the improvement of athletic performance. At present, ophthalmologists and orthoptists use visual training to a very limited degree. Most visual training is now done by optometrists and others who say it works. Based on an assessment of claims and a study of published data, the consensus of ophthalmologists regarding visual training is that, except for near point of convergence exercises, visual training lacks documented evidence of effectiveness. CONCLUSION:Although visual training has been used for several centuries, it plays a minor and actually decreasing role in eye therapy used by the ophthalmologist. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, most visual training is carried out by non-ophthalmologists and is neither practiced nor endorsed in its broadest sense by ophthalmology.
journal_name
Am J Ophthalmoljournal_title
American journal of ophthalmologyauthors
Helveston EMdoi
10.1016/j.ajo.2005.06.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-11-01 00:00:00pages
903-10issue
5eissn
0002-9394issn
1879-1891pii
S0002-9394(05)00687-2journal_volume
140pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To report unusual fundus findings in two cases of melanoma-associated retinopathy. METHODS:Observational case reports. The histories of two patients with melanoma-associated retinopathy were reviewed. Sera from both patients were examined for antibodies against retinal bipolar cells. Immunofluorescence was per...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(01)00915-1
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To describe microscopic changes in the structure of human sclera immediately after enucleation (negative control group) and to compare them after being stored for three months in four different media: pure glycerin, absolute alcohol, benzalkonium chloride diluted in absolute alcohol (1:5000), and benzalkonium c...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.015
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the ultrastructure of the four types of dysplastic rosettes and compared them with retinoblastoma rosettes. Dysplastic rosettes have morphologic characteristics intermediate between the normal photoreceptor layer and retino-blastoma rosettes; Müller cells contribute to the formation of dysplastic but not ne...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)77107-7
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To report an uncommon case of multifocal choroiditis as the result of disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection in a patient who is HIV-positive. DESIGN:Interventional case report. METHODS:A 27-year-old HIV-positive woman with fever, headache, and vomiting was examined. Lumbar puncture was performed and ...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2006.03.024
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9394(75)90279-2
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied accommodation and vergence eye movements in a patient with a left middle cerebral artery embolism. Accommodation was monitored by an infrared optometer with the accommodative target being controlled by a microcomputer. Computed tomography showed low-density areas in the left cortex, with intact brainstem. T...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1988-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study the tomographic and pathomorphologic features of dome-shaped maculas with swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN:Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS:The macular area of 51 highly myopic eyes (35 patients) with dome-shaped maculas was studied with swept-source OCT at 1050 nm. ...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2012.08.007
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70914-6
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9394(83)90390-2
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9394(82)90237-9
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The haptic of a semiflexible anterior chamber intraocular lens (Kelman Quadraflex) broke inside the eye of a 70-year-old man. No history of major eye or head trauma could be elicited from the patient. Clinical manifestations included inferior corneal edema progressing toward the optical axis resulting from a free-floa...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9394(85)90226-0
更新日期:1985-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether cataract in patients with atopic dermatitis is associated with higher levels of aqueous flare or cells. METHODS:In a prospective study, 35 consecutive patients examined during a 6-month period at the atopic dermatitis service in a university hospital underwent standardized ophthalmologic e...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71641-1
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To report the formation of pigmented membranes on acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) after phacoemulsification and to determine the clinical characteristics of these pigmented membranes. DESIGN:Observational case series. METHODS:Four eyes of three patients were found to have pigmented membranes on their acryli...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.10.020
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To explore the impact of intracameral air tamponade pressure and duration on graft attachment and rebubbling rates. DESIGN:A prospective, interventional, nonrandomized study. METHODS:setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. STUDY POPULATION:One hundred seventeen patients wh...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2017.03.021
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0002-9394(89)90007-x
更新日期:1989-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::We modified trabeculo-iridocyclosclerectomy in a technique for en bloc excision of anterior uveal tumor. A trabeculectomy-type of approach was used, which allowed excision of a rectangular block of sclera, cornea, and trabeculum with attached uveal tissue containing the tumor. ...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9394(79)90657-3
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed a histologic study to support our clinical observations on the mechanisms responsible for traction retinal detachment after a penetrating injury in the rhesus monkey eye. The monkey eyes (40 eyes; 40 monkeys) were characterized by intraocular fibrosis with the formation of a cyclitic membrane and epiretin...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9394(79)90469-0
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.11.007
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To characterize the molecular defect in the TGFBI gene in a Chinese family affected with an atypical lattice corneal dystrophy. DESIGN:Case report and experimental study. METHODS:Molecular genetic analysis was performed on the DNA extracted from peripheral leucocytes from a Chinese family with atypical lattic...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2007.04.015
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the necessity for the heightened level of monitoring for cataract development in patients taking quetiapine (Seroquel, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware) dictated by the Physicians' Desk Reference. Also, to explore the possibility of cataractogenesis because of quetiapine therapy. ...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.05.038
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and angle width after neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy. DESIGN:Prospective interventional case series. METHODS:In a single institution, 43 eyes of 43 consecutive pseudophakic patients with symptomatic posterior capsule opacificati...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2014.08.008
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six patients with retinal detachment associated with the acute retinal necrosis syndrome were treated by the combination of vitrectomy, gas injection, and laser photocoagulation. The retinas were successfully reattached in each patient with one operation. Five of the patients achieved a visual acuity of 20/200 or bett...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9394(88)90878-1
更新日期:1988-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2020.08.041
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To report a case of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia presenting as corneal ulcer. METHOD:Case report of a 28-year-old man who presented with sudden onset of pain, redness, and watering in the right eye. Examination of right cornea revealed deep stromal infiltrate inferonasally. Adjacent to the infiltrate...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(99)00286-x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of bypassing the trabecular meshwork in cultured human anterior segments. DESIGN:Prospective laboratory investigation using normal human eyes obtained at autopsy. METHODS:Anterior segments from 21 eyes were placed in perfusion culture, and trabecular bypas...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.07.035
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To document and study the relationship between perimetric sensitivity and retinal thickness at the foveal and parafoveal points in eyes with macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. METHODS:A prospective study was performed using the central 10-2 Humphrey perimetry program and optical coher...
journal_title:American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00722-4
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00