Abstract：
:Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) persists within the host in the presence of concomitant immunity by establishing a latent infection within sensory neurons. HSV-1 latency is widely viewed as a neuron-enforced quiescent state of the virus, in which a lack of viral protein synthesis prevents recognition of the infected neuron by the host immune system. On the basis of recent findings, however, we propose a more dynamic view of HSV-1 latency characterized by persistent or intermittent low-level viral gene expression in some latently infected neurons. We further propose that HSV-1-specific memory/effector CD8(+) T lymphocytes that are retained in the ganglion in close apposition to the neurons prevent full reactivation and virion formation through IFN-gamma production and an additional undefined mechanism(s).
journal_name
Curr Opin Immunoljournal_title
Current opinion in immunologyauthors
Khanna KM,Lepisto AJ,Decman V,Hendricks RLdoi
10.1016/j.coi.2004.05.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-08-01 00:00:00pages
463-9issue
4eissn
0952-7915issn
1879-0372pii
S095279150400072Xjournal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cytokines have been presumed to play an important role during T-cell development, but until recently formal proof has been missing. Most cytokine-knockout mice show apparently normal intrathymic T-cell development. The exception to this is IL-7, as both IL-7 and IL-7R alpha knockout mice show abnormally low thymic cel...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(95)80005-0
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activation of T lymphocytes is initiated by the binding of MHC-peptide complexes on antigen-presenting cells to MHC-restricted, peptide specific TCRs. Significant progress has recently been made in understanding the structure of the TCR and in the direct quantitative examination of the primary binding interactions...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(97)80086-6
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) defines a family of lipid kinases that direct a wide range of cellular processes and cell fate decisions. Since its discovery, and that of its enzymatic antagonist PTEN, much of the focus on PI3K has been on its oncogenic potential. In recent years, studies on PI3K signaling in B lymph...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.01.001
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is initially identified by its ability to support the growth and differentiation of activated B cells, overexpression of IL-5 significantly increases eosinophil numbers and antibody levels predominantly from an expanded population of B-1 cells in vivo. Conversely, mice lacking a functional g...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2008.04.001
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Simply detecting the presence or absence of Foxp3, a transcription factor characteristic of naturally occurring CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), now appears of minimal value in predicting the outcome of immunologic responses, since dividing human CD4+ effector T cells can induce Foxp3 without attaining repressiv...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2007.07.015
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Not surprisingly, most of the publications on enzyme immunoassays or latex agglutination tests in 1990 have been applications for specific antigens or antibodies. Nevertheless, a large number of studies of considerable interest to all users have been reported. In this short review, we have chosen to highlight investig...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(91)90057-8
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute inflammatory responses are essential for pathogen control and tissue repair but can also cause severe collateral damage. Tight regulation of the response is required to minimize host injury, but in the face of chronic infections and age-associated immune dysregulation, inflammatory processes may exert multiple d...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2014.03.007
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intestinal mucosa is continuously exposed to harmless exogenous antigens derived from food proteins and microbiota. Continuous surveillance by suppressive regulatory T cells prevents inflammatory responses to these antigens thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. The nature of the antigenic pressure varies at ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2012.03.004
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with elevated serum IgE levels and sensitization to a variety of inhalant, food and microbial allergens. Controlled challenges have provided substantial evidence that allergens can trigger acute IgE-mediated mast-cell dependent exacerbations of eczema...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(93)90112-6
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate immune perception is the first line of inducible defense against invading pathogens. Plants lack specialized circulating immune cells. Therefore, diverse cell types are able to recognize and respond to pathogens. Surface-localized and intracellular plant innate immune receptors are capable of recognizing divers...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2019.12.007
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Significant advances in research on the immunopathogenesis of leishmaniasis include the discovery of novel putative evasion and survival strategies of Leishmania parasites, a more detailed understanding of the function and regulation of interleukin-12, definition of molecules involved in cognate interaction between ma...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(96)80040-9
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) afflicts about 2.5 million people globally and poses a major personal and socioeconomic burden. The recognition of MS as an inflammatory disease, characterized by infiltration of immune cells into the central nervous system, has spurred research into the autoimmune etiology of the condition and...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2017.08.013
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infectious diseases are the result of the exposure of susceptible hosts to pathogenic microbes. Genetic factors are important determinants of host susceptibility and efforts are being made to establish the molecular identity of such genetic susceptibility variants by genome-wide association studies. Results obtained t...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2014.07.002
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunological memory can be regulated during either its development or its maintenance phases. Controversy and confusion surround both methods of regulation, especially in the field of T-cell memory. Recent work has helped in improving our definition of 'a memory cell', but this has been complicated by another major p...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(94)90122-8
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing) family of intracellular sensors is a crucial component of the innate immune system. A number of NLR family members can form multiprotein complexes, called inflammasomes, and are capable of activating the cysteine protease caspase-1 in response to a wid...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2009.01.006
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunological memory is broadly understood as the underlying mechanism by which an organism remembers previous encounters with pathogens, aberrant cells, or self-antigens to produce a more rapid or robust secondary response upon re-encounter. This phenomenon is widely accepted as the hallmark feature of the adaptive i...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.05.013
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants have the capacity to recognise and reject pathogens at various stages of their attempted colonisation of the plant. Non-specific rejection often arises as a consequence of the potential pathogen's attempt to breach the first lines of plant defence. Pathogens able to penetrate beyond this barrier of non-host res...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2003.11.016
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of the CD1 antigen-presenting system reveals that T cells survey the lipid content of target cells via T-cell receptor (TCR) contact with CD1 bound to lipids, glycolipids and small molecules. Recently, CD1 proteins have been found to present mycobacterial lipopeptides that are involved in scavenging iron...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.04.006
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct lymphocyte lineage that regulates immune responses. During their development in the thymus, immature uncommitted double-positive CD4+CD8+ thymocytes that rearrange the semi-invariant T-cell receptor found on mature NKT cells are positively selected by the non-classical MHC c...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.01.002
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are programmed by the mammalian fetus to induce the development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. LTi cells share a pro-inflammatory profile with Th17 cells, as well as their requirement for the transcription factor RORγt. We discuss here the latest data on the fetal and post-nata...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2012.02.003
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antigens from a wide variety of pathogens have been identified as members of conserved heat-shock protein families, sharing upwards of 50% amino acid identity with corresponding host-cell proteins. Analysis of the responses to these conserved antigens may provide insights into regulation of the immune system during in...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(06)80029-4
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mucosal vaccines may be used both to prevent mucosal infections through the activation of antimicrobial immunity and to treat systemic inflammatory diseases through the induction of antigen-specific mucosal tolerance. New, efficient mucosal adjuvants for human use have been designed based on, amongst others, bacterial...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(02)00384-9
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although autoantigen-induced negative selection plays an important role in shaping the mature B-cell repertoire, studies in recent years have suggested that differentiation into any of the three mature B-cell subsets (marginal zone B cells, follicular B cells and B-1 B cells) is not a passive product of autoreactive B...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.01.006
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The breaking of tolerance or unresponsiveness to self-antigens, involving the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes, is a critical event leading to autoimmune diseases. The precise mechanisms by which this can occur are mostly unknown. Viruses have been implicated in this process, among other etiological factors, suc...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(96)80019-7
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adoptive transfer of T cells engineered to express artificial chimeric antigen receptors CARs) that target a tumor cell surface molecule has emerged as an exciting new approach for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials in patients with advanced B cell malignancies treated with CD19-specific CAR-modified T cells (C...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.002
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pig-to-primate organ survival has been extended from a few minutes to weeks and occasionally months, following the development of transgenic pigs that express human complement-regulatory proteins, efficient antibody removal technologies and immunosuppressive strategies. The current limitation to the clinical applicati...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00139-4
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) with their potent antigen presenting ability are long considered as critical factor in antitumor immunity. Despite high potential in promoting antitumor responses, tumor-associated DCs are largely defective in their functional activity and can contribute to immune suppression in cancer. In recent...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2017.01.002
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification and quantitation of peptides selected by class II MHC molecules during natural processing of proteins is of key importance in understanding the repertoire and distribution of T cells. The examination of peptides selected by class II MHC molecules has depended greatly on mass spectrometry, a powerful...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.11.002
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past year provided a number of challenges to our expectations regarding hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. Evidence has emerged that HSCs arise intraembryonically before they can be detected in the yolk sac. A number of genes that may regulate the formation, self-renewal, or differentiation of HSC have been id...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(97)80138-0
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polymerase chain reaction allows the characterization of RNA and DNA sequences in samples as small as a single cell. The recent development of amplification systems designed to isolate rearranged immunoglobulin genes from single B lineage cells has provided a powerful tool to investigate various aspects of B-cell ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(95)80016-6
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
