Abstract：
:The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The physicochemical constraints severely limit the number of molecules that can be considered as realistic candidates for transdermal delivery. Iontophoresis provides a mechanism to enhance the penetration of hydrophilic and charged molecules across the skin. The principal distinguishing feature is the control afforded by iontophoresis and the ability to individualize therapies. This may become significant as the impact of interindividual variations in protein expression and the effect on drug metabolism and drug efficacy is better understood. In this review we describe the underlying mechanisms that drive iontophoresis and we discuss the impact of key experimental parameters-namely, drug concentration, applied current and pH-on iontophoretic delivery efficiency. We present a comprehensive and critical review of the different therapeutic classes and molecules that have been investigated as potential candidates for iontophoretic delivery. The iontophoretic delivery of peptides and proteins is also discussed. In the final section, we describe the development of the first pre-filled, pre-programmed iontophoretic device, which is scheduled to be commercialized during the course of 2004.
journal_name
Adv Drug Deliv Revjournal_title
Advanced drug delivery reviewsauthors
Kalia YN,Naik A,Garrison J,Guy RHdoi
10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.026subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-03-27 00:00:00pages
619-58issue
5eissn
0169-409Xissn
1872-8294pii
S0169409X03002424journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This article reviews the latest progresses regarding the applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), including single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), as multifunctional nano-probes for biomedical imaging. Utilizing the intrinsic band-gap fluorescence of semi-conducting single-wa...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2013.10.002
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over recent years the research focus within the field of respiratory drug delivery has broadened to include a wide range of potential applications for inhalation by delivering drugs not just onto the lung mucosa but across it. The range of drugs being assessed is broad and includes both current and novel therapies and...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.023
更新日期：2007-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Lanthanide-doped upconverting luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising materials for optical imaging-guided drug delivery and therapy due to their unique optical and chemical properties. UCNPs absorb low energy near-infrared (NIR) light and emit high-energy shorter wavelength photons. Their special features all...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.007
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent introduction of multi-photon microscopy coupled with advances in optics, computer sciences and the available fluorophores used to label molecules of interest have empowered investigators to study the dynamic events within the functioning kidney at cellular and subcellular levels. This emerging technique, wi...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2006.07.017
更新日期：2006-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In the drug development process, it remains a difficult task to regulate the entry of the drugs. However, recent progress in studies of the transporter-mediated influx and efflux of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including synthetic drugs, across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is beginning to provide a rational ba...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(98)00084-2
更新日期：1999-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：:An essential element of tissue homeostasis is the response to injuries, cutaneous wound healing being the most studied example. In the adults, wound healing aims at quickly restoring the barrier function of the skin, leading however to scar, a dysfunctional fibrotic tissue. On the other hand, in fetuses a scarless tis...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.011
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To design an effective particulate drug delivery system having mucoadhesive function, several mucoadhesion tests for polymers and the resultant particulate systems were developed. Mucin particle method is a simple mucoadhesion test for polymers, in which the commercial mucin particles are used. By measuring the change...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2005.07.008
更新日期：2005-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Using oligonucleotide-based drugs to modulate gene expression has opened a new avenue for drug discovery. In particular small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are being rapidly recognized as promising therapeutic tools, but their poor bioavailability limits the full realization of their clinical potential. In recent years, c...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2012.08.008
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intramammary infections (IMIs) represent a major feature in bovine pathology. The treatment of IMIs concern antimicrobial substances. Therapeutic strategies involve administration of immediate release formulations during lactation with or without long-acting formulations during the dry period. Current treatments are n...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00160-0
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The scope of nanotechnology is gaining importance in biology and medicine. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising tool due to their unique properties, high specific surface area, and capacity to cross biological barriers. These properties offer a variety of opportunities for applications in nanomedicine, ...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.006
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orally administered anti-HIV drugs must be adequately and consistently absorbed for therapy to be successful. This review discusses the barriers to achieving oral bioavailability for the currently available anti-HIV drugs. Most reverse transcriptase inhibitors have good oral bioavailabilities. Didanosine bioavailabili...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(99)00022-8
更新日期：1999-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：:In principle, proton therapy offers a substantial clinical advantage over conventional photon therapy. This is because of the unique depth-dose characteristics of protons, which can be exploited to achieve significant reductions in normal tissue doses proximal and distal to the target volume. These may, in turn, allow...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2016.11.006
更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous wound healing in adult mammals is a complex multi-step process involving overlapping stages of blood clot formation, inflammation, re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, neovascularization, and remodelling. Re-epithelialization describes the resurfacing of a wound with new epithelium. The cellul...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.019
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since conventional liposomes tend to be trapped by the reticuroendothelial systems (RES), their use as drug carriers is limited when the targets are not RES cells. Therefore, many attempts have been made to avoid the RES-trapping of liposomes. Favorable results were obtained by a modification of liposomes with a glucu...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(99)00040-x
更新日期：1999-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The administration of radiolabeled compounds with gamma-emitting radionuclides allows real time pursuit of in vivo behavior of the compounds by external counting of the radioactivity. If the compounds possess a specific localization mechanism to target tissue, the image reflects the specific function of the target. Th...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(98)00102-1
更新日期：1999-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravenous administration of low (milligram) doses of nanoparticulate materials in pigs can lead to acute cardiopulmonary, hemodynamic, hematological, biochemical and dermatological changes within minutes, mimicking the human infusion (or anaphylactoid) reactions to many state-of-the-art (nano)medicines and biologica...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.005
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical development of orally active peptide drugs has been restricted by their unfavorable physicochemical properties, which limit their intestinal mucosal permeation and their lack of stability against enzymatic degradation. Successful oral delivery of peptides will depend, therefore, on strategies designed to alte...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00045-8
更新日期：1997-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many drug molecules possess inadequate physical-chemical characteristics that prevent to surpass the viscous mucus layer present in the surface of mucosal tissues. Due to mucus protective role and its fast turnover, these drug molecules end up being removed from the body before being absorbed and, thus, before exertin...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.020
更新日期：2018-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug failure due to toxicity indicators remains among the primary reasons for staggering drug attrition rates during clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance. Broader validation and use of next-generation 3-D improved cell culture models are expected to improve predictive power and effectiveness of drug toxico...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2014.02.008
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) traverse the membrane of biological cells at low micromolar concentrations and are able to take various cargo molecules along with. Despite large differences in their chemical structure, CPPs share the structural similarity of a high cationic charge density. This property confers to th...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.005
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene and antisense/ribozyme therapy possesses tremendous potential for the successful treatment of genetically based diseases, such as cancer. Several cancer gene therapy strategies have already been realized in vitro, as well as in vivo. A few have even reached the stage of clinical trials, most of them phase I, whil...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00046-7
更新日期：2002-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxicity of nanocarrier systems involves physiological, physicochemical, and molecular considerations. Nanoparticle exposures through the skin, the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract and the lymphatics have been described. Nanocarrier systems may induce cytotoxicity and/or genotoxicity, whereas their antige...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.007
更新日期：2008-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the last three decades, a handful of photochemical mechanisms have been applied to a large number of nanoscale assemblies that encapsulate a payload to afford spatio-temporal and remote control over activity of the encapsulated payload. Many of these systems are designed with an eye towards biomedical application...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.006
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, drug development costs have soared, primarily due to the failure of preclinical animal and cell culture models, which do not directly translate to human physiology. Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a burgeoning technology with the potential to revolutionize disease modeling, drug discovery, and toxicology res...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.001
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells cultured in vitro will tend to retain their differentiated phenotype under conditions that resemble their natural in vivo environment, for example, when cultured on polymer scaffolds in tissue culture bioreactors. In this chapter, we define organized cell communities as three-dimensional in vitro grown cell-poly...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(98)00017-9
更新日期：1998-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：:High-throughput, combinatorial methods have revolutionized small molecule synthesis and drug discovery. By combining automation, miniaturization, and parallel synthesis techniques, large collections of new compounds have been synthesized and screened. It is becoming increasingly clear that these same approaches can al...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2008.02.005
更新日期：2008-06-10 00:00:00
abstract：:A significant percentage of active pharmaceutical ingredients identified through discovery screening programs is poorly soluble in water. These molecules are often difficult to formulate using conventional approaches and are associated with innumerable formulation-related performance issues, e.g. poor bioavailability,...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2010.12.007
更新日期：2011-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Safe and effective hemoglobin-based blood substitutes may be advantageous over conventional therapies for certain clinical settings requiring short term blood replacement such as emergency resuscitation and hemodilution in surgery. Many advances have been made in developing these oxygen therapeutics, however safety co...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(99)00050-2
更新日期：2000-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibodies can have exquisite specificity of target recognition and thus generate highly selective outcomes following their systemic administration. While antibodies can have high specificity, the doses required to treat patients, particularly for a chronic condition, are typically large. Fortunately, advances in prod...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2006.03.011
更新日期：2006-08-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior to the introduction of troglitazone, it had been more than 30 years since the last significant improvement in antidiabetic therapy. In view of the pressing need for more effective oral agents for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, troglitazone was granted priority review by the FDA and was launched in th...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00093-5
更新日期：2002-11-05 00:00:00
