Abstract:
:Altitude exposure leads to considerable weight loss. The different hypotheses that have been put forward to explain this phenomenon are discussed reviewing the literature: 1) a primary decrease of food intake due to loss of appetite caused, directly or indirectly, by hypoxia, changes of menus, comfort and habits, 2) a discrepancy between energy intake and energy expenditure due to an increased basal metabolic rate and/or high levels of activity which are not matched by an increased food intake, 3) a loss of body water due to increased insensible loss through increased ventilation in the mountain environment, decreased liquid intake, and/or changes in water metabolism, 4) an impaired absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract, and 5) a loss of muscle mass due to lack of physical exercise and/or direct effects of hypoxia on protein synthesis. It is concluded that altitude weight loss is due to an initial loss of water and subsequently to loss of fat mass and muscle wasting. Up to altitudes around 5000 m the weight loss from fat and muscle seems to be largely avoidable by maintaining adequate intake in a comfortable setting. Primary anorexia, lack of comfort and palatable food, detraining, and possible direct effects of hypoxia on protein metabolism seem to inevitably lead to weight loss during longer exposures at higher altitudes. In order to minimize losses it is advisable to acclimatize properly, to reduce the length of stay at extreme altitude as much as possible and to maintain a high and varied nutrient intake.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Kayser Bdoi
10.1055/s-2007-1024616subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-10-01 00:00:00pages
S129-32eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
13 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We investigated the early effects of whole body vibration (WBV) added to hypocaloric diet on insulin-resistance and other parameters associated with glucose regulation in sedentary obese individuals. We randomly assigned 34 patients to WBV plus hypocaloric diet (WBV group) or diet alone (CON group) for 8 weeks. Fastin...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1354358
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural immunity, including that of the natural killer (NK) cells, is strongly influenced by physical exercise, but the physiological significance of the reported changes in NK cells after exercise training is as yet unclear. The exercise effect is likely mediated by interactions between the central nervous and endocr...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-2000-1447
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1301332
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2005-865787
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1299698
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1384549
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1306326
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034593
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-971919
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1105941
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-972853
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1268439
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021261
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0042-121263
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The present study investigated the specific atmospheric conditions expected in Athens during the summer of 2004 in relation to the performance of elite athletes. DESIGN:Atmospheric pollution and weather data for the period April 16th to September 30th covering the entire greater Athens area and collected fr...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2005-837660
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-830449
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-964989
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024996
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2006-923776
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-965108
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of trekking deaths from 1984 to mid-1987 showed a death rate of 15/100,000 trekkers. Altitude sickness deaths accounted for 3/23 (13%) of these deaths. Recently, we followed up on our original study by compiling the number and causes of trekking deaths in Nepal from mid-1987 through 1991. The overall number o...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024601
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1025058
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-815828
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1275298
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1337944
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00