Abstract:
PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of amantadine and rimantadine, the first generation antivirals, for the prophylaxis of influenza virus. DATA SOURCES:A systematic search of the English language literature using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents and the Cochrane database from 1966 to April 2002, as well as a manual search of references from retrieved articles, were performed. STUDY SELECTION:Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials evaluating amantadine and rimantadine for prophylaxis of naturally occurring influenza A illness were considered. The control arm used either a placebo or an antiviral agent. DATA EXTRACTION:Each trial was assessed by two authors to determine the adequacy of randomization and description of withdrawals. Efficacy data were extracted according to a predefined protocol. Discrepancies in data extraction among the investigators were solved by consensus. Nine prophylaxis studies of amantadine and rimantadine met the criteria for this systematic review. DATA SYNTHESIS:Seven amantadine versus placebo trials (n=1797), three rimantadine versus placebo trials (n=688) and two amantadine versus rimantadine studies (n=455) were included for the meta-analysis on the prevention of influenza A illness. The summary of results for the relative odds of illness indicated a 64% reduction in the amantadine group compared with placebo (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.55, P< or =0.001), a 75% reduction in illness for the rimantadine group compared with placebo (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.97, P=0.05) and no significant differences in the odds of illness for the amantadine versus rimantadine groups (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.57 to 2.32, P=0.32). The summary of results examining adverse events showed significantly higher odds of central nervous system adverse reactions and premature withdrawal from the clinical trials in the amantadine-treated group than in the placebo-treated group. Compared with the placebo-treated group, the rimantadine-treated group did not have a significantly higher rate of withdrawal or central nervous system events. However, there was a significant increase in the odds of gastrointestinal adverse events for those treated with rimantadine compared with those treated with placebo (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.17 to 9.55, P=0.03). In the comparative trials of amantadine to rimantadine, rimantadine was associated with an 82% reduction in the odds of central nervous system events (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.00, P=0.05) and a 60% reduction in the odds of discontinuing treatment (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.79, P=0.009). CONCLUSION:This meta-analysis demonstrates that amantadine and rimantadine are superior to placebo in the prevention of influenza A illness. Both antiviral agents have an increased number of adverse events compared with placebo; however, the use of amantadine is associated with significantly higher numbers of central nervous system events and treatment withdrawals compared with rimantadine. Thus, rimantadine should be the preferred agent in this class for the prevention of influenza A virus infection and should be made available in Canada.
journal_name
Can Respir Jjournal_title
Canadian respiratory journalauthors
Marra F,Marra CA,Stiver HGdoi
10.1155/2003/453183subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-01 00:00:00pages
381-8issue
7eissn
1198-2241issn
1916-7245journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Outdoor air pollution is a global problem with serious effects on human health, and children are considered to be highly susceptible to the effects of air pollution. OBJECTIVE:To conduct a comprehensive and updated systematic review of the literature reporting the effects of outdoor air pollution on the res...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2015/263427
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Forty to 70 cases of occupational asthma due to sensitization to an agent present in the workplace are accepted each year by the Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail, the Quebec medicolegal agency. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS:In a random sample of eight to 10 accepted claims per year from 1988 to ...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2008/324305
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder that affects both quality of life and cardiovascular health. The causal link between OSA and cardiovascular morbidity⁄mortality remains elusive. One possible explanation is that repeated episodes of nocturnal hypoxia lead to a hypercoagulable state that pred...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2011/924629
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rare case of sarcoidosis is presented. A 32-year-old white woman initially diagnosed with asthma was to undergo thyroidectomy to eliminate what was thought to be the real source of her symptoms. Instead, the cause was found to be sarcoidosis involving only the major airways, without intrathoracic adenopathy, atelect...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2003/564064
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is associated with rapid cardiopulmonary collapse from endothelial injury, resulting in massive capillary leak, shock and severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. To date, treatment remains supportive and includes mechanical ventilation, vasopressors and extracorporeal membrane ...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2006/359891
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Interleukin (IL)-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine released from various cells, including T cells. Although IL-10 is suggested to inhibit allergic responses, its role in asthma remains uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to compare the profile of IL-10 in circulating T cells from stable atopic asthmat...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2004/710962
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background and Objective:While calcitriol can inhibit airway remodeling in asthmatic mice, the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of action of calcitriol on airway remodeling in asthma and its interaction with budesonide. Methods:A mouse model of asthma was established by...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/5259240
更新日期:2018-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::Background. Blunt chest wall trauma accounts for over 10% of all trauma patients presenting to emergency departments worldwide. When the injury is not as severe, deciding which blunt chest wall trauma patients require a higher level of clinical input can be difficult. We hypothesized that patient factors, injury patte...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/3257846
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The removal of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants from industrial and household products has been agreed to by over 165 countries of which more than 135 are developing countries. The timetable for this process is outlined in the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer document and in several sub...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/1999/682405
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 40-year-old woman presented with profound weight loss, anemia and multiple pulmonary nodules. Further investigation revealed a hepatic abscess and a pelvic mass associated with an intrauterine device. Cultures of the hepatic abscess and from peripheral blood demonstrated Actinomyces species. The patient underwent an...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2005/461619
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To achieve national consensus on standards of training, quality assurance and maintenance of competence for critical care ultrasound for intensivists and critical care trainees in Canada using recently published international training statements. DATA SOURCES:Existing internationally endorsed guidelines and ...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/216591
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background. Routine vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended in Canada for infants, the elderly, and individuals with chronic comorbidity. National incidence and burden of all-cause and pneumococcal pneumonia in Canada (excluding Quebec) were assessed. Methods. Incidence, length of stay, and case-fa...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/3605834
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Air pollution generated from motor vehicle exhaust has become a major cause for scientific and public concern worldwide over recent years. The rapid and marked increase in the motor vehicle traffic and its associated emissions in urban areas have paralleled a sharp increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases such ...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/1999/454909
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration presenting with recurrent episodes of infection is reported. Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital malformation characterized by accessory lung tissue with no direct connection to the tracheobronchial tree and is supplied by an aberrant systemic artery. The aberrant ...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2010/813106
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with severe refractory asthma represent a small subset of the asthmatic population (between 5% and 10% of all patients) but are the greatest burden to the health care system. New treatment approaches developed to manage some of the phenotypes of severe refractory asthma have included humanized monoc...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2013/183948
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bronchial thermoplasty is a new technique proposed to improve control of moderate to severe asthma. It delivers thermal energy to the large airways during a bronchoscopy to decrease the amount of bronchial smooth muscle. This intervention has been shown to reduce asthma exacerbations, and improve asthma control and qu...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2012/853731
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura are rare pleural neoplasms that are distinct from mesothelioma. Most of them are benign, although some behave aggressively; morphological and pathological features are important in distinguishing them from mesothelioma and in predicting clinical behaviour. Solitary fibrous tumour...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2010/509607
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A seven-month-old girl, born prematurely (birth weight 1000 g) from a twin pregnancy, was admitted to hospital due to recurrent pneumonia and atelectasis. She experienced cough and respiratory distress during feeding. The right hemithorax was smaller than the left, with diminished breath sounds and dullness. Chest x-r...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2013/581359
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background. Noninvasive respiratory support is considered the optimal method of providing assistance to preterm babies with breathing problems, including nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC). The evidence of the efficacy and safety of HHHFNC used as the prim...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/3782401
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The understanding of how inhaled allergens affect the asthmatic patient has changed significantly over the years. Allergen inhalation was first recognized as a cause of asthma in 1873, and the clinically important late asthmatic response (LAR) was demonstrated, albeit crudely, in 1952. Immunopathogenesis of the LAR wa...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways, for which many therapeutic options are available. Guidelines for the management of asthma suggest a stepwise approach to pharmacotherapy based on assessment of asthma severity and control. However, the assessment of asthma control presently relies on surrogate measures...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2008/463762
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare, polygenic primary immunodeficiency. In this case report, we describe a previously healthy 13-year-old boy who presented with multifocal pulmonary aspergillosis and was subsequently diagnosed with an autosomal recessive form of chronic granulomatous disease. CGD has a vari...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/4575942
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the length of stay required to initiate long-term invasive ventilation at the authors' institution, which would inform future interventional strategies to streamline the in-hospital stay for these families. METHODS:A retrospective chart review of children initiated on invasive long-term ventilation...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/107914
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endemic tuberculosis (TB) was almost certainly present in Canadian aboriginal people (aboriginal Canadians denotes status Indians, Inuit, nonstatus Indians and metis as reported by Statistics Canada) before the Old World traders arrived. However, the social changes that resulted from contact with these traders created...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2000/498409
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) can occur in isolation or concomitantly with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Targeted therapies for PH can mitigate clinical deterioration in CTD patients with isolated PH; however, the effect of these therapies in CTD patients wit...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2010/686098
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of a new combination Diskus inhaler containing both salmeterol 50 mg and fluticasone propionate 250 mg (Seretide) with the two drugs delivered via separate Diskus inhalers. DESIGN:A multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy study. Three hundred and seventy-one symptomatic ast...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1155/1999/894803
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In children with persistent asthma, inhaled glucocorticoids decrease symptoms and exacerbations, decrease the need for rescue bronchodilator medications, improve airway patency and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness. When administered in the lowest doses that prevent symptoms and eliminate the need for supplemental cou...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/1999/957127
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theophylline acts as a bronchodilator and has bronchoprotective activity in asthma. The importance of the anti-inflammatory properties of theophylline to its clinical efficacy remains uncertain. Theophylline has a place in management as an additional long term control medication for patients whose asthma is not contro...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. OBJECTIVES:To describe the prevalence of asthma and allergic disease in a multiethnic, population-based sample of Toronto (Ontario) school children attending grades 1 and 2. METHODS:In 2006, the Toronto Child Health Evaluation Questionnaire (T-CHEQ) us...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2010/913123
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Asthma exacerbations can be provoked by many triggers such as allergens, respiratory irritants and viral infections. The relative importance of these has not been prospectively documented in a case-control study. OBJECTIVE:To assess the relative importance of colds and other nonclimatic historical triggers ...
journal_title:Canadian respiratory journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2000/812025
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00