Abstract：
:Type 2 diabetes is characterised by insulin resistance in association with clustering of atherothrombotic risk factors (dysglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertension, raised triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol and increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and clotting factor VII). There is a 3-5 fold increase in risk of myocardial infarction rising to 10-20 fold in the presence of microalbuminuria and overall around 70-75% of subjects with type 2 diabetes die of cardiovascular disease. However, classical risk factors which associate with insulin resistance do not account for all the increased burden of vascular disease in diabetic subjects. Metformin is a biguanide compound which is antihyperglycaemic, reduces insulin resistance and has cardioprotective effects on lipids, thrombosis and blood flow. Metformin has a weight neutral/weight lowering effect and reduces hypertriglyceridaemia, elevated levels of PAI-1, factor VII and C-reactive protein. In addition recent studies indicate that metformin has direct effects on fibrin structure/function and stabilises platelets, two important components of arterial thrombus. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) reported that metformin was associated with a 32% reduction in any diabetes related endpoint (p<0.002), a 39% reduction in myocardial infarction (p<0.01) and a non-significant 29% fall in microvascular complications. The figures for macrovascular complications compare favourably for those described for other cardioprotective agents such as ACE inhibitors and statins. These findings confirm metformin as first line therapy in the management of obese insulin resistant type 2 diabetes and in the prevention of the vascular complications of this common condition.
journal_name
Diabetes Metabjournal_title
Diabetes & metabolismauthors
Grant PJdoi
10.1016/s1262-3636(03)72787-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-01 00:00:00pages
6S44-52issue
4 Pt 2eissn
1262-3636issn
1878-1780pii
S1262-3636(03)72787-6journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：AIM:To investigate the association between mean fasting glucose (FG) and variability in visit-to-visit FG and risk of mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS:This retrospective cohort study included 48,077 Chinese men and women with T2D. The yearly mean and coefficient of variation for fasting glucose ...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2020.05.003
更新日期：2020-05-26 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is expressed primarily in adipocytes and elevated levels of this cytokine have been linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Several studies have shown statistical evidence of linkage between obesity and the chromosomal region encompassing the TNFalpha gene, suggesting...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70104-0
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its association with socio-economic status in the population of Great Tunis. METHODS:The study included 2712 subjects (1228 men and 1484 women), aged 35-70 years and living in the Great Tunis region, all of whom were recruited betwe...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2009.11.009
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Our objective was to verify the energy balance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats chronically treated with lipoic acid (LA). METHODS:Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin and the animals divided into four groups, comprising controls and diabetic rats, with each group receiving either daily intraperit...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2008.08.005
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To compare continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles on vildagliptin versus sitagliptin in addition to metformin, in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA(1c) 6.5-8.0%). METHODS:A multicenter, prospective, randomised, open-label study with blinded endpoint analysis. CGM data acquir...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2012.06.001
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bariatric surgery can be proposed to address severe obesity associated with comorbid conditions, when medical treatment has failed. Three surgical techniques are currently available, including 2 using coelioscopy. Short term results are encouraging regarding weight loss, which is linked with a reduction in comorbid co...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the effect of changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability, as assessed by 2-year trajectories of FPG variability, on mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS:From 2009 to 2012, outpatients with T2D, aged>18 years, were enrolled from a medical centre. FPG was measured ev...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2017.09.001
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The stimulation of muscle and adipose tissue glucose metabolism, which is ultimately responsible for bringing about post-absorptive blood glucose clearance, is the primary clinically relevant action of insulin. Insulin acts on many steps of glucose metabolism, but one of the most important effects is its ability to in...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The prevalence of diabetes in the French West Indies is three times higher than in mainland France. We aimed to assess the associations between vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular risk factors in Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS:In this cross-s...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2011.05.005
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) are new glucose-lowering agents that exert their therapeutic activity independently of insulin by facilitating glucose excretion through the kidneys. However, this simple renal mechanism that results in sustained gluc...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1262-3636(14)72689-8
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discoveries of leptin and adiponectin were breakthroughs in the field of metabolic diseases. Adipose cells produce both proteins and release them into the circulation. Leptin acts as a fundamental signal for the brain to modulate food intake as a function of energy status. Loss of leptin function results in obesit...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2007.08.002
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CGMS (Continuous Glucose Monitoring System) is a portable device allowing continuous measuring of glucose. It provides recordings of at least 72 h, during which 288 measures/day are performed. Results are visualised in the form of a set of curves, illustrating the variations in blood glucose levels over time. The ...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70258-6
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Strict glycaemic control is a major concern in many people with diabetes, hypoglycaemia being the most limiting factor in the daily management of patients with diabetes. Acute consequences of hypoglycaemic attacks are not precisely evaluated. Acute cardiovascular (CV) complications as myocardial ischaemia or stroke se...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1262-3636(10)70471-7
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study is to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of Caucasian pregnant women in relation to their body mass index and glucose tolerance status; the role of central fat distribution, as indicated by waist-to-hip circumference ratio, was also considered. METHODS:Seven hundred women w...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70026-5
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One major discovery of the last decade in the field of metabolic diseases is that the microorganisms comprising the gut microbiota are now considered a metabolic "organ", modulating multiple functions of the host, such as intestinal immune system maturation, adiposity, cardiac metabolism, liver triglyceride storage, a...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2013.12.004
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin secretion from the beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans is mainly regulated by glucose entry via its transporter. The intracellular glucose metabolism induces a rise in ATP/ADP ratio which increases the degree of closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP) channels), inducing a higher intracellular K...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The aim of this study was to investigate early-stage atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed, untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS:The study subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were then divided into three groups, according to plasma glucose le...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2009.05.005
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:NEUROD1 encodes a transcription factor expressed in the endocrine pancreas, and involved in beta-cell development, function and mechanisms of apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the association of a frequent polymorphism in exon 2 of NEUROD1 (G > A; Ala45Thr) with Type 1 diabetes in Brazilian subjects....
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70237-9
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To describe current practices of glucose-lowering treatments in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), the associated glucose control and hypoglycaemic symptoms, with an emphasis on sex differences. METHODS:Among the 3033 patients with CKD stages 3-5 recruited into the French CKD-REIN study, 645 me...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2018.03.007
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the locus of control in patients with type 2 diabetes followed by systemic group education (Group Care) and traditional one-to-one care. METHODS:In a post-hoc analysis, two questionnaires were administered to 56 patients who had been followed for 5-7 years by Group Care and 51 controls followed by i...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70250-1
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The capacity of cardiac myocyte to regulate ATP production to face any change in energy demand is a major determinant of cardiac function. Because FA is the main heart fuel (although the most expensive one in oxygen, and prompt to induce deleterious effects), this process is based on a balanced fatty acid (FA) metabol...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the level of diabetes knowledge in a population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a high prevalence of illiteracy, to identify the main gaps in the knowledge and to study the determinants of the knowledge score. METHODS:This cross-sectional survey involved 24 diabetes clinics and Kuwaiti adults with T2...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2008.09.005
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:As the treatment of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy with diet or insulin reduces the risk of adverse maternal outcomes and perinatal complications, screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is included, albeit to variable extents, in all guidelines of care for pregnant women. The aim of the present investig...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2014.11.008
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effect of benfluorex on glycaemic control in obese insulin-requiring Type 2 diabetes, 76 patients (aged 53.8 +/- 12.8 years) receiving insulin (> or = 0.5 IU/kg) and an appropriate low-calorie diet were evaluated after a 1-month run-in followed by a 3-month double-blind treatment period (3 tablets dai...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether insulin delivered into portal circulation by an implanted pump reversed abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 10 well-controlled normolipidaemic patients were studied after conventional intensive sub-cutaneous (ISC) insulin management and then 3 and 6 mon...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For years, external insulin pumps have enjoyed proven efficacy as an intensive diabetes treatment to improve glycaemic control and reduce hypoglycaemia. Since the last ALFEDIAM guidelines in 1995, however, basal-bolus treatment using a combination of long- and short-acting insulin analogues have emerged and could chal...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2009.09.002
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To examine the seasonality and effects of temperature on levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG). METHODS:We collected health data from the Kailuan cohort study. FPG, blood pressure and individual information including age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, drinking habit, physical activities, income, work ...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2016.01.002
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this review is to provide answers to the question “How does one screen for and diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) between 24 and 28 weeks gestation?” Two methods are currently widely used: a one-step approach (the 75g-Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, OGTT) and a two-step approach (the 50g Glucose Chal...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2010.11.008
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Online continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during physical exercise would be highly useful in patients with insulin-treated diabetes. For this reason, this study assessed whether such a goal could be reached with a subcutaneous 'needle-type' enzymatic sensor. METHODS:Ten patients (five women/five men), aged 51 ± 1...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.diabet.2012.12.004
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this retrospective study was to identify key factors favoring weight regain. METHODS:Therefore, prognostic factors for weight loss and regain have been retrieved and identified among 186 obese patients (40 +/- 2 y and 34 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2)) through the use of a simple questionnaire which considered p...
journal_title：Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70053-8
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
