Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Oxidative stress occurs when the production of damaging free radicals and other oxidative molecules exceeds the capacity of the body's antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress is implicated in diseases that are associated with prematurity (such as retinopathy, cerebral palsy, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis). Nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve is the first line of defense against free radicals. We hypothesized that an in utero redox imbalance because of stress would diminish the fetal antioxidant reserve. We tested aspects of this hypothesis by investigating whether the presence of labor or gestational age at delivery (term vs preterm) alters the maternal/fetal nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve peripartum. STUDY DESIGN:Fetal redox consumption was calculated from the difference in the nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve that was measured in umbilical venous and arterial blood that was collected prospectively at delivery from 39 newborn infants. Eight women were delivered at term by elective cesarean delivery in the absence of labor; 31 women labored either at term (n = 20) or preterm (<37 weeks, n = 11). Maternal venous blood was collected on admission and within 1 hour of delivery. Nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve was measured in the plasma and red blood cells of each specimen by the quantitation of glutathione content (glutathione in red blood cell lysate) and the plasma total free radical-trapping antioxidant potential. Glutathione was measured with the use of a colorimetric assay and expressed in nanomoles per milligram of hemoglobin. The plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential was estimated with the use of a controlled, kinetic assay based on the time that was required to inhibit peroxyl-free radical generated under controlled conditions. The differences between both umbilical venous and umbilical arterial total radical-trapping antioxidant potential and glutathione were computed to estimate fetal nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve consumption. The differences between maternal total radical-trapping antioxidant potential and glutathione before and after delivery were computed to estimate maternal peripartal nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve consumption. RESULTS:Fetal red blood cell glutathione content was significantly greater than maternal red blood cell glutathione content, independent of delivery route. The calculation of the fetal nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve consumption and maternal peripartal nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve consumption revealed that women who labored at term experienced an up-regulation in red blood cell glutathione content, while their fetuses had significantly lower red blood cell glutathione consumption. In contrast, there was consumption of plasma antioxidants in preterm fetuses, as illustrated by a doubling of the fetal nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve consumption (elective cesarean delivery in the absence of labor, 0.9 +/- 0.5 min/microL; term labor, 1.0 +/- 0.1 min/microL; preterm labor, 2.0 +/- 0.4 min/microL; one-way analysis of variance; P =.04). This was mostly due to a lower umbilical arterial total radical-trapping antioxidant potential in preterm versus term fetuses (umbilical arterial, 3.3 min/microL versus umbilical venous 5.4 min/microL; paired t test; P =.001; power, 0.98). Generally, maternal total radical-trapping antioxidant potential remained unchanged peripartum. CONCLUSION:Term labor triggers a compensatory up-regulation of nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve in the fetal red blood cell compartment that may act to protect against the relative hyperoxia that is experienced by the newborn infant at birth. In contrast, the decreased nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve in the fetal red blood cell and plasma compartments after preterm labor and delivery would enhance the vulnerability to free radical damage of the preterm neonate. These findings suggest that the two compartments of nonenzymatic antioxidant reserve have distinct physiologic roles in the peripartal defense against free radicals and that their development is, in some fashion, ontogenes, in some fashion, ontogenetically regulated.
journal_name
Am J Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
American journal of obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Buhimschi IA,Buhimschi CS,Pupkin M,Weiner CPdoi
10.1067/mob.2003.357subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-07-01 00:00:00pages
181-8issue
1eissn
0002-9378issn
1097-6868pii
S0002937803002977journal_volume
189pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized that body composition would be similar among neonates of women with gestational diabetes (GDM) treated with glyburide or insulin. STUDY DESIGN:Women with GDM requiring medical therapy were randomized to insulin or glyburide. The primary outcome was percent neonatal fat mass measured by total ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.02.038
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overall recurrence rate in 166 patients treated with cryosurgery is 10.8%. Recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is much more common in patients with severe dysplasia. Failures are commonly due to one of four factors. First, cryosurgery is to be used only after adequate colposcopic assessment and a negative...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32437-1
更新日期:1982-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to describe the evaluation and management of synthetic mesh-related complications after surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and/or pelvic organ prolapse (POP). STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of women who attended 4 US tertiary referral ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.012
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has recently been suggested that platelet-activating factor is involved in a number of processes associated with reproductive biology. We have demonstrated a critical role for this autacoid in the initiation and maintenance of parturition both in animals and man. In the present investigation, it has been demonstrat...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(11)90610-3
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term microinvasive carcinoma is inappropriate when applied to all vulvar cancers less than or equal to 5 mm thick because approximately 50% of vulvar carcinomas are no thicker than 5 mm and 20% of those superficial tumors metastasize to the lymph nodes. The significant predictors of groin node metastases in patien...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(87)90132-3
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an evaluation of the limulus lysate assay (LLA) as a method for detecting gonococcal endotoxin in cervical exudates diluted 1:800, positive LLA results were obtained from 17 of 18 patients (94%) with culture-proved gonococcal cervicitis, and negative results were obtained from 22 of 22 patients (100%) with culture-...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(80)90702-4
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of epidural analgesia on the duration of labor have been a controversal subject since its increased use in recent years. A total of 598 patients receiving this form of analgesia were studied as to progress in labor and eventual outcome. The mean cervical changes during epidural analgesia with a single drug...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(77)90790-6
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to measure the occurrence and natural history of simple ovarian cysts in a cohort of older women. STUDY DESIGN:Simple cysts were ascertained among a cohort of 15,735 women from the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial through 4 y...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.11.029
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to compare alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol levels in women who take protease inhibitors and those women who do not. STUDY DESIGN:This retrospective review from August 2000 to May 2003 was performed for maternal serum screen results, medi...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.046
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to assess endothelial dysfunction in women with preeclampsia by measuring endothelial microparticles. STUDY DESIGN:A case-control study was conducted on 20 women with preeclampsia and 20 healthy pregnant women as control subjects. Endothelial microparticles were measured by flow...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00469-1
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to establish the risk of fetal death in early-onset growth-restricted fetuses with absent or reversed end-diastolic velocities in the umbilical artery or ductus venosus. DATA SOURCES:A systematic search was performed to identify relevant studies published in English, Spanish, F...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.566
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clinical study was designed to test whether sustained administration of progesterone to nursing mothers could prolong lactation and delay the postpartum recovery of fertility. The hormone was administered by subdermal implantation of six pellets that each contained 100 mg of progesterone. This treatment was administ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal sepsis is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and is a preventable cause of maternal death. The purpose of this guideline is to summarize what is known about sepsis and to provide guidance for the management of sepsis in pregnancy and the postpartum period. The following are SMFM recommend...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.01.216
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clearance indices (clearance of experimental material: clearance of antipyrine, CI) across the perfused human placenta were determined for urea, sodium, and chloride. The selected materials are of relatively small molecular weight and are water soluble. Clearance of urea was determined under conditions of net transfer...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)33310-x
更新日期:1981-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We have investigated the use of uterine artery Doppler waveform analysis in growth restricted fetuses delivered at > or =34 weeks. STUDY DESIGN:Included in the study were all consecutive euploid non-malformed singleton fetuses with accurate dating diagnosed as growth restricted (sonographic abdominal circumf...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mob.2002.127137
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a case of placenta accreta that was managed conservatively by uterine arterial embolization and subsequently was complicated by hematuria. Ultrasound revealed a calcified mass at the posterior bladder wall. A careful resection under cystoscopy was carried out without hemorrhagic complication. Pathologic exam...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.08.040
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine the most cost-effective delivery management of vertex and nonvertex twin pair gestations. STUDY DESIGN:Two hundred sixty-six consecutive twin gestations were followed up prospectively in a special antepartum Twins Clinic directed by the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division. ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70179-6
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three cases of anaphylactic reactions associated with the use of intravenous cefotetan as surgical prophylaxis for cesarean section (two cases) and transabdominal hysterectomy (one case) are presented. Comprehensive review of these cases revealed no evidence of lot-specific association, drug-drug interaction, or metho...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(88)90506-6
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to evaluate whether a significant association exists between cocaine use, cervical, urine, and/or Group B streptococcus (GBS) infections and preterm birth (PTB) in patients admitted with active preterm labor (PTL). STUDY DESIGN:A retrospective cohort study of PTL patients < 34 weeks (n = 40...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.10.777
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Survival data on 36 patients with clear-cell adenocarcinomas are reported: seven with vaginal lesions and 29 with cervical lesions. Although the tumor responds to present treatment modalities, it tends to be associated with early lymph node involvement, thus making early diagnosis essential. Radiation as a primary the...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(76)90158-7
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a 40 year period 374 patients with infiltrative carcinoma of the vulva were evaluated. Some form of radical surgery was the treatment chosen for 278 patients. The absolute 5 year survival rates for all clinical stages treated with some form of radical surgery was 66.8 per cent with a corrected rate of 73.9 per ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33392-0
更新日期:1976-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Current ultrasonographic techniques offer a novel approach for the identification of a wide variety of placental abnormalities usually described postnatally by the pathologist. Placental vascular lesions, placental tumors, and abnormal placentation are potentially associated with perinatal complications and their diag...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90645-n
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective was to evaluate whether the rate of neonatal group B streptococcal infection could be reduced by screening for group B streptococci during the third trimester of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN:Two periods in which different screening and treatment protocols were applied were compared. In period A all ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70063-8
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We sought to evaluate the efficacy of maternal posturing during labor on the prevention of persistent occiput posterior (OP) position. STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a randomized trial including 220 patients in labor with a single fetus in documented OP position. Main outcome was the proportion of anterior rotati...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.882
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A placental lesion associated with elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level and a positive Kleihauer-Betke test is reported. Serial ultrasonograms showed a progressive increase in the echogenicity of the lesion that corresponded to a large intervillous thrombosis after delivery. This case illustrates the import...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90626-i
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study was undertaken to examine the contribution of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in the prediction and prevention of intrapartum fetal asphyxia in the preterm pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN:The outcome of 40 pregnancies with biochemically confirmed intrapartum fetal asphyxia (ie, an umbilical artery ...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mob.2002.119642
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Our purpose was to determine whether systemic hypotension induced by rapid withdrawal of fetal blood would induce periventricular leukomalacia in the brain of premature fetal sheep. STUDY DESIGN:At 113 days' gestation, systemic hypotension (mean blood pressure <30 mm Hg) was induced by withdrawing approxima...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70519-3
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of intravenous cocaine on heart rate and blood pressure were studied in pregnant and oophorectomized nonpregnant ewes. In response to intravenous cocaine doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, both pregnant and nonpregnant ewes demonstrated dose-dependent increases in systolic, diastolic, mean arterial, and pulse pre...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90424-6
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to correlate the diagnosis of endometriosis on the basis of visualization at laparoscopy with the pathologic diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN:A prospective study of 44 patients undergoing laparoscopy for the evaluation of chronic pelvic pain was carried out. All areas suggestive of endom...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mob.2001.115747
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to compare the estimated maternal cerebral perfusion pressure and an index of vascular resistance, the resistance area product, in nonpregnant women with hypertensive pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN:The maternal middle cerebral artery was evaluated by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in 17 n...
journal_title:American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70131-0
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00