Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the four first line antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). VPA is also an effective drug in migraine prophylaxis and in treatment of bipolar disorders. The use of VPA is limited by its two rare but potentially life-threatening side effects, teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity, and it is the least potent of the established AEDs. Consequently, there is an incentive to develop a second-generation VPA. A successful, second-generation VPA would need to possess the following characteristics: broad-spectrum antiepileptic activity; better potency than VPA; and lack of teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity. These characteristics would give such a drug the potential to be utilized in epilepsy and other CNS disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:Intensive research has been carried out in order to develop a second-generation VPA that would be more potent and safer than VPA. Amide derivatives of VPA have shown particular value as potential follow-up compounds and have better in-vivo performance than VPA. Several CNS-active valproylamides are more potent as antiepileptics than VPA, they possess broad-spectrum antiepileptic activity, and have been found to be nonteratogenic in animal models. The amide analogues of VPA that emerged from structure-pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship studies as promising second-generation compounds are: N-methyl-tetramethylcyclopropane carboxamide, (2S,3S)-valnoctamide, (R)-propylisopropyl acetamide and valproyl glycinamide. SUMMARY:At present there are three compounds in clinical trials in patients with epilepsy that can be regarded as second-generation VPA: valproyl glycinamide, 3-methylbutanamide or isovaleramide and SPD421 (DP-VPA). For any one of these second-generation valproic acids to become a successful follow-up compound to VPA, it has to fulfil the above criteria and also possess favorable pharmacokinetics.
journal_name
Curr Opin Neuroljournal_title
Current opinion in neurologyauthors
Isoherranen N,Yagen B,Bialer Mdoi
10.1097/01.wco.0000063774.81810.30subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
203-11issue
2eissn
1350-7540issn
1473-6551journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Convergent evidence from a number of neuroscience disciplines supports the hypothesis that Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders progress along brain networks. This review considers the role of neuroimaging in strengthening the case for network-based neurodegeneration and elucidati...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32835a26b3
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To describe the most important issues a clinician must consider whenever selecting and administering antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). There is no available algorithm that identifies how to individualize selection of AEDs. Proper selection and administration can make an enormous difference in both effective...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000532
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim is to specify the genetic causes of dominantly and recessively inherited axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and review the biological basis for these disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:More than 10 genes that cause axonal CMT have been identified over the past decade. Many of these gen...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834aa331
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Central nervous system infections are not uncommon in systemic vasculitides. Being vigilant of central nervous system infections as an alternative consideration, instead of systemic vasculitides per se, could prove to be lifesaving in certain circumstances. RECENT FINDINGS:Common pathogens, such as t...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283013983
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review discusses advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of status epilepticus and its current treatment approaches. Many of these have been topics at the 5th London-Innsbruck Colloquium on status epilepticus 2015. RECENT FINDINGS:A new definition and classification of status epilepticus...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000307
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:For a long time, cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients has been considered less important than, for instance, physical disability. This is no longer true because of the crucial role that cognitive deficits play in the good day-to-day adjustment of patients. This review highlights recent ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32810c8e87
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize advances in our understanding of the clinical phenotypes, genetics, and molecular pathophysiology of the periodic paralyses, the nondystrophic myotonias, and other muscle channelopathies. RECENT FINDINGS:The number of pathogenic mutations causing periodic paralysis, nondystrophic myotoni...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32832efa8f
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The successful motor rehabilitation of stroke, traumatic brain-injured and spinal cord-injured patients requires an intensive and task-specific therapy approach. Budget constraints limit a hand-to-hand therapy approach, so that intelligent machines may offer a solution to promote motor recovery and ob...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000102630.16692.38
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We analyze recent data on technical aspects, clinical indications, and imaging features of spinal cord MRI in multiple sclerosis, and on the value of this examination for assessing the type and extension of spinal cord damage, and for predicting prognosis in patients with this disease. RECENT FINDING...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000343
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although cluster headache has traditionally been thought of as a vascular headache disorder, its periodicity suggests an involvement of central areas such as the hypothalamus. This review covers the past 3 years, which have seen remarkable progress in understanding the pathophysiology of circadian hea...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000073934.19076.0e
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To give an overview on topics of pupillary function selected according to their relevance in clinical neurology. Mainly publications of the last 3 years have been considered. RECENT FINDINGS:The discovery of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells not serving vision, but serving circadian rhythm and th...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f39173
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Over the past 25 years, many autoantibodies directed against peripheral nerve glycan and protein antigens have been described. Principally through this area of research, significant advances have been achieved in the understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammatory neuropathies. More evidence cons...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328357a77f
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trauma to the developing brain constitutes an unexplored field. The few studies attempting to model and study paediatric head trauma, the leading cause of death and disability in the paediatric population, have revealed interesting aspects and potential targets for future research. One feature unique to the developing...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200004000-00005
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is an urgent need for effective therapies to restore neurologic function and decrease disability following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, emerging findings on the mechanisms of post-TBI neural repair and regeneration, as well as therapeutic implications, are selectively reviewed. RECENT FI...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000265
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Demyelination and inflammation both contribute to the neurological deficits characteristic of multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Conduction deficits attributable to demyelination are well known, but it is becoming clear that factors such as nitric oxide, endocaine, cytokines, and antiganglioside antibodie...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200106000-00005
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::New reports of the incidence, prevalence and mortality of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism are reviewed. Evidence for occupational and lifestyle risk factors and protective factors is updated. Recent genetic epidemiology studies of parkinsonism in twins and families, and studies that investigated imaging and physi...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200008000-00010
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The diagnosis of dementia rests on an improved knowledge and a better detection of early impairments, to which functional imaging can certainly contribute. RECENT FINDINGS:Progress has been observed at different levels. First, the understanding of different dementias has benefited from explorations o...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200208000-00006
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Gliomas represent a disparate group of malignancies with varying clinical outcomes despite a tremendous amount of time, effort, and resources dedicated to their management and understanding. The most aggressive entity, glioblastoma, has a dismal prognosis with poor local control despite intense local ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000760
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article reviews the results of recent therapeutic trials in dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis and suggests an approach to treating patients with inflammatory myopathy. RECENT FINDINGS:We reviewed 10 double-blind, placebo-controlled therapeutic trials in patients with inf...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000093099.34793.40
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review some aspects of the relationship between epilepsy and depression that have recently received increasing attention and may become major research topics in the near future. RECENT FINDINGS:Epidemiological studies show that depression and suicide are, in some cases, premorbid symptoms precedin...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000431
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural circuits comprised of dopamine-containing and dopamine-receptive neurons are altered functionally after the repeated intermittent administration of cocaine and its withdrawal. The characterization of these neuroadaptive changes at various times after repeated exposure to cocaine is important because they may re...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199712000-00017
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Only two functionally validated susceptibility genes, CACNA1H and GABRD, have so far been identified in the common epilepsies using a candidate gene approach. The difficulty with the alternative statistical approach, where none of the suggested candidates has been functionally validated, may partly be...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000218232.66054.46
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The concept of epilepsy and seizure disorders caused by autoantibodies to specific neuronal membrane proteins has developed significantly during the past few years. RECENT FINDINGS:Antibodies to cell-surface membrane proteins such as voltage-gated potassium channels or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32833735fe
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The exotic and emerging viral encephalitides are caused by animal or human viruses and characterised by sudden unexpected outbreaks of neurological disease, usually in tropical and sub-tropical regions, but sometimes spreading to temperate areas. Although a wide range of viruses come within this label...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000073944.19076.56
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The influence of anxiety on ocular motor control and gaze has received less research attention than its effects on postural control and locomotion. This review summarizes research on trait anxiety, state anxiety, anxiety disorders, ocular motor reflexes, and gaze. It applies these findings to clinical...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000055
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Here we discuss recent advances regarding the molecular genetic basis of dominantly inherited ataxias. RECENT FINDINGS:Important recent observations include insights into the mechanisms by which expanded polyglutamine causes cerebellar degeneration; new findings regarding how noncoding expansions may...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3281fbd3dd
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We currently conceive of a migraine attack as originating in the brain. Triggers of an attack initiate a depolarizing neuroelectric and metabolic event likened to the spreading depression of Leao. This event activates the headache and associated features of the attack by mechanisms that remain to be determined, but ap...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200006000-00007
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review discusses the present use of interventional transcatheter strategies to treat patients with acute brain ischemia and severe stenosis of intracranial large arteries. RECENT FINDINGS:The benefits and risks of opening freshly occluded intracranial large arteries in patients with brain ischem...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000044
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This is an update on skeletal muscle sodium channelopathies since knowledge in the field have dramatically increased in the past years. RECENT FINDING:The relationship between two phenotypes and SCN4A has been confirmed with additional cases that remain extremely rare: severe neonatal episodic laryng...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000238
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize clinical key points, diagnostic features, and results of imaging and therapy of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF). RECENT FINDINGS:SDAVF accounts for 70% of spinal arteriovenous malformation with an annual incidence of 5-10 cases per million. At least 80% of patients are male, a...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000200547.22292.11
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00