Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The successful motor rehabilitation of stroke, traumatic brain-injured and spinal cord-injured patients requires an intensive and task-specific therapy approach. Budget constraints limit a hand-to-hand therapy approach, so that intelligent machines may offer a solution to promote motor recovery and obtain a better understanding of motor control. This new field of automated or robot-assisted motor rehabilitation has emerged since the 1990s. RECENT FINDINGS:This article will present clinically viable devices for upper and lower extremity rehabilitation. The MIT-Manus and the Mirror-Image Motion Enabler robot, which enable unrestricted unilateral or bilateral shoulder and elbow movement, consistently proved superior on the motor impairment level. The ARM guide, which assisted reaching in a straight-line trajectory, and the Bi-Manu-Track, which enabled the bilateral practice of a forearm and wrist movement, are currently being tested. For gait rehabilitation after stroke, the electromechanical gait trainer, GT I, has proved effective compared with treadmill training with body weight support. The Lokomat, consisting of a treadmill and a powered exoskeleton, lessened the therapeutic effort compared with manually assisted treadmill training in spinal cord-injured patients. Future developments will see more degrees of freedom, improved man-machine interaction and the implementation of virtual reality. SUMMARY:Technical possibilities are one aspect, but multi-centre trials and a consideration of the unsubstantiated fears among therapists of being replaced by machines will decide on the successful implementation of this most promising field to the benefit of patients.
journal_name
Curr Opin Neuroljournal_title
Current opinion in neurologyauthors
Hesse S,Schmidt H,Werner C,Bardeleben Adoi
10.1097/01.wco.0000102630.16692.38subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
705-10issue
6eissn
1350-7540issn
1473-6551pii
00019052-200312000-00010journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Multiple sclerosis is a common neurological disorder that represents a significant source of disability. B cells have recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis. The natural development of B cells is characterized by an antigen-independent phase that occurs in the bone marrow and an antigen-...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000313358.53553.c7
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Serum IgG autoantibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are present in atypical demyelinating disorders such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Whereas the role of aquaporin-4 antibodies as diagnostic markers for NMOSD is ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000446
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The last 5 years have seen the number of ultra-high field (UHF; 7 T and beyond) MRI scanners nearly double. Benefits include improved specificity, better sensitivity for signal-starved compounds, and the ability to detect, quantify, and monitor tumor activity and treatment effects. This is especially ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834cd495
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three genetic loci for Alzheimer's disease have been identified. These are the amyloid precursor gene on chromosome 21, a gene for early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease on chromosome 14, and the risk-modifying gene APOE on chromosome 19. Additional Alzheimer's disease genes remain to be found. The genes i...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199508000-00003
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review describe the role and advancements of MRI in the diagnosis and monitoring of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. RECENT FINDINGS:MRI is the most sensitive paraclinical tool in the detection of PML lesions in natalizumab...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000099
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Cognitive impairments are common in children with epilepsy. They may already be present before the onset of epilepsy or occur - and even progress - during its course. Many variables contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Those that can be targeted to prevent (further) cognitive impairment will be highli...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000424
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::New functional imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography, transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging, promise to allow the noninvasive study of haemodynamic, metabolic and activation parameters during acute migraine attacks in humans. These techniques are currently bei...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199906000-00003
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In recent years, advances in the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune system has led to the development of new approaches for cancer treatment. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors are the first successful examples of this approach and several agents that target cytotoxic lympho...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000391
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review aims to determine whether it is cost-effective to replace aspirin and warfarin with more effective, yet more costly, treatments for secondary stroke prevention. RECENT FINDINGS:For preventing recurrent stroke of arterial origin, clopidogrel and the combination of aspirin and extended-rele...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328334e67b
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the currently known side effects of the approved therapies of multiple sclerosis and to suggest monitoring procedures. RECENT FINDINGS:The progress in the treatment of multiple sclerosis with new very effective therapies is accompanied by a number of side effects. Some of these have alre...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000824
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Prospective and retrospective incidence cohort studies have been consistent in identifying an increased mortality in patients with epilepsy, although risk ratios vary considerably. Standardized mortality ratios in these populations range from 1.6 to 5.3, but they tend to be higher in studies in select...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200404000-00010
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews clinical reports of various movement disorders (dystonia, chorea, ballism and parkinsonism) caused by well defined lesions of the putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. The role of basal ganglia in motor control is also emphasized. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in EMD encoding emerin and LMNA encoding A-type lamins, proteins of the nuclear envelope. In the past decade, there has been an extraordinary burst of research on the nuclear envelope. Discoveries resulting from this basic research have i...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000741
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of the literature on methods of seizure or epilepsy severity assessments resulted in tabulation of the seizure rating scales known as US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Chalfont-National Hospital, Liverpool, Hague, and others. Each of the scales reviewed has some advantages, but none of them appears to b...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200104000-00015
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review considers the role of neuroimaging in developmental disorders by highlighting recent studies in two distinct, but overlapping, developmental disorders: autism and fragile X syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS:After a decade of conflicting results in neuroimaging studies of autism, recent studies ha...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000063763.15877.d2
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Homonymous hemianopia is the commonest form of acquired homonymous visual field defect; the usual causes are stroke, head injury and intracranial tumours. This impairment can affect a variety of cognitive visual functions, including visual search, safe navigation through changing environments and read...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32831f1b2c
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review discusses current data on nosological boundaries related to diagnosis, pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies in chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). RECENT FINDINGS:Diagnostic criteria of CTTH should be adapted to improve its sensitivity against migraine. It seems that mechanical pa...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32832973ce
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Our current treatment algorithms include only IFN-β and glatiramer as available first-line disease-modifying drugs and natalizumab and fingolimod as second-line therapies. Today, 10 drugs have been approved in Europe and nine in the United States making the choice of therapy more complex. The purpose ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000096
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The motoneuron has a strong ability to regenerate after injury. However, the problems of nerve cell survival after a proximal axotomy, difficulty in axonal elongation after intraspinal lesion and the lack of target specificity during nerve fibre regrowth interfere with a good functional restitution. Current research h...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200012000-00012
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a potentially debilitating disorder primarily related to spinal cord injury caused by degenerative changes of the spine. As the population continues to age and live longer, it is likely that this disorder will be encountered with increasing frequency. RECENT F...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283325ea7
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Preterm infants are at high risk for neurological sequelae and cognitive dysfunction. These problems have been attributed to a high occurrence of central nervous system (CNS) lesions, but suboptimal brain development appears to be just as important. In this brief review we present the hypothesis that ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000162851.44897.8f
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize why there are polarized opinions regarding the management of patients with asymptomatic carotid disease and whether it is possible to identify patients who might benefit from carotid interventions. RECENT FINDINGS:Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial and Asympto...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000408
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Only two functionally validated susceptibility genes, CACNA1H and GABRD, have so far been identified in the common epilepsies using a candidate gene approach. The difficulty with the alternative statistical approach, where none of the suggested candidates has been functionally validated, may partly be...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000218232.66054.46
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to recognize elements of the environment as familiar objects, events, or classes underlies virtually all human cognition. Positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of the recognition of visually presented objects suggest that several brain areas crucially support this f...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199702000-00003
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The influence of anxiety on ocular motor control and gaze has received less research attention than its effects on postural control and locomotion. This review summarizes research on trait anxiety, state anxiety, anxiety disorders, ocular motor reflexes, and gaze. It applies these findings to clinical...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000055
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis are at increased vascular risk but optimal treatment is controversial. We reviewed the current evidence for medical and surgical intervention in these patients. RECENT FINDINGS:Optimal medical treatment is the most important aspect of management of patients...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328012da60
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear magnetic resonance methods as a whole have contributed as much to the study and treatment of epilepsy as to any branch of medicine. The pace of the progress in this field increases as recently developed nuclear magnetic resonance techniques mature into practical tools for epilepsy research and management. Rece...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199704000-00005
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Drug resistance is an important clinical problem: it is associated with higher rates of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities and cognitive/memory decline, with seizures being just the 'tip of the iceberg'. This review summarizes recent developments in imaging research, focusing specifically on the fu...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000072
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:After more than 10 years of methodological developments and clinical applications, diffusion imaging tractography has reached a crossroad. Although the method is still in its infancy, the time has come to address some important questions. Can tractography reproduce reliably known anatomy or describe n...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328355d544
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides noninvasive insight into the regional and global biochemical alterations that are concomitants of the dynamic processes that underlie the evolution of fundamental pathologic changes in multiple sclerosis. These include now well-recognized alterations of neuronal biochemical mar...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200206000-00004
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00