Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Preterm infants are at high risk for neurological sequelae and cognitive dysfunction. These problems have been attributed to a high occurrence of central nervous system (CNS) lesions, but suboptimal brain development appears to be just as important. In this brief review we present the hypothesis that systemic infection/inflammation can severely interfere with normal CNS function and development. RECENT FINDINGS:We focus on the effects of lipopolysaccharide because it is often used to model the systemic inflammatory response induced by infections. The inflammatory signals are propagated across the intact or ruptured blood-brain barrier to the CNS by proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, or lipopolysaccharide. Subsequently, microglia are triggered to release cytokines, oxygen free radicals and trophic factors, which will influence the CNS in various ways. Cognition, dendritic length and spine density, dopaminergic cells, neurogenesis and glial proliferation will be affected. Furthermore, CNS vulnerability and, in some instances, cerebral anomalies and white matter damage are produced. SUMMARY:Hypothetically, all of these effects on the CNS triggered by inflammation may have severe consequences for the individual's ability to cope with environmental exposures during childhood and adulthood.
journal_name
Curr Opin Neuroljournal_title
Current opinion in neurologyauthors
Hagberg H,Mallard Cdoi
10.1097/01.wco.0000162851.44897.8fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
117-23issue
2eissn
1350-7540issn
1473-6551pii
00019052-200504000-00007journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In recent years, advances in the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune system has led to the development of new approaches for cancer treatment. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors are the first successful examples of this approach and several agents that target cytotoxic lympho...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000391
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although spreading depression has been known for over 50 years, recent research into this interesting experimental phenomenon provides evidence for an integrative role of spreading depression in brain pathophysiology. Spreading depression activates neurophysiological pathways that may have widespread consequences on b...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199806000-00006
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The trigeminal autonomic reflex is a physiological reflex with an important protective function which also plays a role in pathophysiological conditions, such as primary headache. It is not understood whether the autonomic symptoms in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and migraine are the consequence ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000691
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Recent years have witnessed the discoveries of several genes causing neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) and subsequently their novel classification scheme was suggested. The first results of treatments with modern chelating drugs are also being published. RECENT FINDINGS:Most recen...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283550cac
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize advances in our understanding of the clinical phenotypes, genetics, and molecular pathophysiology of the periodic paralyses, the nondystrophic myotonias, and other muscle channelopathies. RECENT FINDINGS:The number of pathogenic mutations causing periodic paralysis, nondystrophic myotoni...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32832efa8f
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review summarizes key findings of the current literature on functional neuroimaging in migraine and describes how these studies have changed our view of the disorder. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies have started not only to investigate the global cerebral activation pattern during migraine attack...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283532ca3
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although cluster headache has traditionally been thought of as a vascular headache disorder, its periodicity suggests an involvement of central areas such as the hypothalamus. This review covers the past 3 years, which have seen remarkable progress in understanding the pathophysiology of circadian hea...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000073934.19076.0e
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Despite the extensive research carried out in the past decades, the current pathophysiological notions of neurodegenerative disease as well as effective treatments to reduce their progression are largely unknown. Alterations of the human microbiota, the plethora of different microscopic organisms that...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000496
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The concept of epilepsy and seizure disorders caused by autoantibodies to specific neuronal membrane proteins has developed significantly during the past few years. RECENT FINDINGS:Antibodies to cell-surface membrane proteins such as voltage-gated potassium channels or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32833735fe
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent positron emission tomography investigations found spreading oligemia in the early phases of a human migraine attack. During the headache phase, increased cerebral blood flow was found in cortical sensory association areas and unilaterally in the brainstem. The brainstem activation persisted after complete relie...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199606000-00007
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Drug resistance is an important clinical problem: it is associated with higher rates of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities and cognitive/memory decline, with seizures being just the 'tip of the iceberg'. This review summarizes recent developments in imaging research, focusing specifically on the fu...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000072
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim is to specify the genetic causes of dominantly and recessively inherited axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and review the biological basis for these disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:More than 10 genes that cause axonal CMT have been identified over the past decade. Many of these gen...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834aa331
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Here we discuss recent advances regarding the molecular genetic basis of dominantly inherited ataxias. RECENT FINDINGS:Important recent observations include insights into the mechanisms by which expanded polyglutamine causes cerebellar degeneration; new findings regarding how noncoding expansions may...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3281fbd3dd
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Ten years of intensive research are now beginning to bring candidate neuroprotective therapies to clinical trials. This review describes recent progress in basic, preclinical, and clinical research that underlies current and potential neuroprotective trials. RECENT FINDINGS:Basic research continues t...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000084229.82329.03
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Clinical MRI is of paramount importance for multiple sclerosis diagnosis but lacks the specificity to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression. The application of advanced MR sequences allows the characterization of diverse and complex pathological mechanisms, gra...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000559
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In multifocal motor or sensorimotor neuropathy with persistent conduction block, most of the recent research has concerned treatment. Open trials show that intravenous immunoglobulin is effective, providing a rapid and often marked clinical improvement, accompanied by a significant reduction of conduction block in som...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199510000-00006
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Demyelination and inflammation both contribute to the neurological deficits characteristic of multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Conduction deficits attributable to demyelination are well known, but it is becoming clear that factors such as nitric oxide, endocaine, cytokines, and antiganglioside antibodie...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200106000-00005
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a spectrum of acute autonomic neuropathies. Acute panautonomic neuropathy (pandysautonomia), characterized by severe widespread sympathetic and parasympathetic failure, is at one extreme. Guillain-Barré syndrome is at the other end of the spectrum, where the brunt of the disorder falls on the somatic nervous ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199410000-00007
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deletion of the 1.5 Mb tract on chromosome 17p11.2-12 that is duplicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A is commonly associated with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. The deletion, which originates from an unequal meiotic crossover involving two homologous repeats, causes underexpression...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199610000-00006
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two major entities continue to be controversial in the field of clinical myotoxicity: the various myopathies that are induced by the cholesterol-lowering agents and the acute quadriplegic myopathy of intensive care. Both conditions are relatively common, but their pathogenesis is unclear. The problematic issues relate...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200010000-00006
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent agent of antecedent infection in an axonal variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute motor axonal neuropathy, and anti-GM1 or anti-GD1a IgG antibody is also associated with acute motor axonal neuropathy. Molecular mimicry has been found between human GM1 gangl...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000174604.42272.2d
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize why there are polarized opinions regarding the management of patients with asymptomatic carotid disease and whether it is possible to identify patients who might benefit from carotid interventions. RECENT FINDINGS:Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial and Asympto...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000408
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review recent developments in the application of stem cells for transplantation therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT FINDINGS:Stem cell transplantation has the potential to improve function by replacing cells lost to the disease and reconstructing elements of neural circuitry or by prov...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f132fc
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Only two functionally validated susceptibility genes, CACNA1H and GABRD, have so far been identified in the common epilepsies using a candidate gene approach. The difficulty with the alternative statistical approach, where none of the suggested candidates has been functionally validated, may partly be...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000218232.66054.46
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review on traumatic brain injury consolidates the substantial current literature available on the pathophysiology, mechanisms, developments, and their subsequent effects on outcome. In particular, it tries to conceptualize why our greatly improved understanding of pathophysiology and neurobiology...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200412000-00011
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review centers on important recent advances in the understanding of the role of glial fibrillary acidic protein in Alexander disease and of proteolipid protein in hypomyelinating disorders such as Pelizaeus-Merzbacher and spastic paraplegia. We also describe seven novel leukodystrophies. These include childhood a...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200112000-00018
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Status epilepticus refractory to first and second-line anticonvulsants represents an outstanding challenge to the medical team. This review covers new insights into the anaesthetic and intensive care of status epilepticus. RECENT FINDINGS:In the anaesthetic treatment of status epilepticus, barbiturat...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328042bacb
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Over the past 25 years, many autoantibodies directed against peripheral nerve glycan and protein antigens have been described. Principally through this area of research, significant advances have been achieved in the understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammatory neuropathies. More evidence cons...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328357a77f
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review discusses current data on nosological boundaries related to diagnosis, pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies in chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). RECENT FINDINGS:Diagnostic criteria of CTTH should be adapted to improve its sensitivity against migraine. It seems that mechanical pa...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32832973ce
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Treatment response of brain tumours is typically evaluated with gadolinium-enhanced MRI using the Macdonald criteria. These criteria depend on changes in the area of enhancement. However, gadolinium enhancement of brain tumours primarily reflects impairment of the blood-brain barrier. RECENT FINDINGS...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328332363e
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00