Abstract:
:Multiple sclerosis is a common neurological disorder that represents a significant source of disability. B cells have recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis. The natural development of B cells is characterized by an antigen-independent phase that occurs in the bone marrow and an antigen-dependent phase that takes place in the peripheral lymphoid tissue. The stage of B-cell development can be identified by the presence of specific cell surface markers. Checkpoints are in place to prevent self-reactive B cells from further development and activation. Some self-reactive B cells are able to escape these checkpoints, resulting in a loss of tolerance. B cells may contribute to systemic autoimmunity and the development of autoimmune disease via cytokine production, antigen presentation, and complement activation. In addition, B cells may trigger autoimmune disease via molecular mimicry, which occurs when a single B-cell receptor recognizes both a non-self antigen molecule and a self-molecule. Accumulating data suggest that ectopic proliferation of B cells in the central nervous system may also play a role. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathology of B cells and their role in central nervous system autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
journal_name
Curr Opin Neuroljournal_title
Current opinion in neurologyauthors
Monson NLdoi
10.1097/01.wco.0000313358.53553.c7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-01 00:00:00pages
S3-8eissn
1350-7540issn
1473-6551pii
00019052-200804001-00002journal_volume
21 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review of recent work in the area of neurorehabilitation of multiple sclerosis patients surveys progress and underscores the need for further work to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. RECENT FINDINGS:Several recent review documents have summarized the current position regarding neuroreha...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000169743.37159.a0
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review describes the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, course, and therapy of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), the most fatal viral encephalitis, in which prognosis is dependent on early diagnosis and effective therapy. RECENT FINDINGS:Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328346be6f
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With respect to diverse clinical applications for muscle regeneration, this paper discusses the latest markers for identifying skeletal muscle precursor cells in regenerating muscle, the implications of alternative sources of myogenic precursor cells and putative stem cells, and the current status of administration of...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199910000-00007
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews clinical reports of various movement disorders (dystonia, chorea, ballism and parkinsonism) caused by well defined lesions of the putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. The role of basal ganglia in motor control is also emphasized. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this study was to assess the seizure manifestations and risk of epilepsy in encephalitis associated with antibodies against neuronal cell-surface (autoimmune encephalitis) or myelin-associated antigens, and to review several chronic epileptic disorders, including Rasmussen's encephalitis, f...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000449
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article reviews the results of recent therapeutic trials in dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis and suggests an approach to treating patients with inflammatory myopathy. RECENT FINDINGS:We reviewed 10 double-blind, placebo-controlled therapeutic trials in patients with inf...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000093099.34793.40
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The present review will outline neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of central nervous system (CNS) infiltrating T cells during viral infections. Evidence demonstrating differential roles for antiviral effector and resident memory T-cell subsets in virologic control and immunopathology in the CNS w...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000825
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The recent identification of mutations in five genes coding for proteins with putative or demonstrated glycosyltransferase activity has shed light on a novel mechanism responsible for muscular dystrophy. Abnormal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan appears to be a common finding in all these condition...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200404000-00020
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Gadolinium-enhancement depicts blood-brain barrier disruption associated with new inflammatory MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is widely used for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. However, earlier and more specific markers of inflammation are urgently needed. RECENT FINDINGS:Susceptibi...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000326
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::New functional imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography, transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging, promise to allow the noninvasive study of haemodynamic, metabolic and activation parameters during acute migraine attacks in humans. These techniques are currently bei...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199906000-00003
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The review intends to draw the attention of researchers working in retinal degenerations on the fact that classical apoptosis, for example, apoptosis triggering caspase activation, may not be the main pathway of cellular demise in this tissue.Former work already showed the difficulty of proving the activation of apopt...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000272
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Converging evidence from animal models of stroke and clinical trials suggests that aerobic exercise has effects across multiple targets. RECENT FINDINGS:The subacute phase is characterized by a period of heightened neuroplasticity when aerobic exercise has the potential to optimize recovery. In anima...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000383
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review first considers toxic neuropathies of recent interest, including those caused by antineoplastic and antiretroviral drugs, agents that affect methylation reactions, vitamin and herbal preparations, and certain occupational exposures. The discussion points out the interesting phenomenon of "coasting," the st...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199310000-00004
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on recent advances in the diagnostic approaches and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. We also discuss the emerging therapies for this hereditary neuropathy. RECENT FINDINGS:To date, numerous genes are implicated in CMT, and new gene...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328364c04b
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There continues to be more males than females diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, which may provide clues about their cause. This review will focus on the two most common neurodevelopmental disorders - autism spectrum disorder (autism) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000714
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Longitudinal studies that use MRI scans performed over multiple time-points have been increasingly employed in the study of different neurological disorders, including degenerative dementia, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. RECENT FINDINGS:Although it is well established that increased rates of brai...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32830719d4
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subacute focal encephalitis of Rasmussen involves cortical inflammatory infiltration which may on occasion be bilateral. The presence of anti-Glu R3 antibodies in some patients suggests that an autoimmune process may be involved. Although a small number of patients respond transiently to immunoglobulins and the condit...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Slowly, advances are being made in the understanding and treatment of primary childhood brain tumors. The addition of chemotherapy has resulted in better survival for children with medulloblastoma. For other tumor types, therapeutic advances have been slower. High-dose chemotherapy is increasingly being employed to tr...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-199712000-00005
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The funduscopic examination can be a technically difficult, and often omitted, portion of the neurologic examination, despite its great potential to influence patient care. RECENT FINDINGS:Medical practitioners are often first taught to examine the ocular fundus using a direct ophthalmoscope, however...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000637
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review some aspects of the relationship between epilepsy and depression that have recently received increasing attention and may become major research topics in the near future. RECENT FINDINGS:Epidemiological studies show that depression and suicide are, in some cases, premorbid symptoms precedin...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000431
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuing advances have rendered the neural control of eye movements one of the best understood motor systems, from molecules to complex behaviors. Nevertheless, new discoveries have required re-evaluation of established concepts, from the genetics of disorders that affect extraocular muscles to the way in which the ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200202000-00008
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Functional neuro-imaging studies of aphasic stroke offer the potential for a better understanding of the neuronal mechanisms that sustain language recovery. Conclusions, however, have been hampered by a set of unexpected challenges related to experimental design and interpretation. In this review of s...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000168081.76859.c1
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review will summarize new neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI and PET imaging, that can be used to assess brain tumor growth and angiogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS:Glioma tumor vasculature is abnormal, and advances in MRI now permit visualization of the hemodynamic properties of gliomas includi...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328318402a
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A relatively small number of studies were published on the intra-arterial therapy of stroke in the past year. Those reports, however, do offer strong evidence for the feasibility and safety of this therapeutic approach. Partly on the basis of these data it has become evident that the intra-arterial thrombolytic therap...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00019052-200002000-00010
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes neurological disability in young adults and that to date has no cure. Until now, expensive and only partially efficacious therapies have become available. For this reason, researchers, cli...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32833960f6
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim is to systematically and critically review the relationship between migraine and estrogen, the predominant female sex hormone, with a focus on studies published in the last 18 months. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent functional MRI (fMRI) studies of the brain support the existence of anatomical and fun...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000091
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The risk of suicide is thought be increased in epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) remain the primary treatment. An FDA alert in 2008 raised concerns that AEDs may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviour. The risk profile for suicide in epilepsy is examined in the context of recent repor...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328344533e
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the application of advanced MRI sequences such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI for the evaluation of patients with altered consciousness. RECENT FINDINGS:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, volumetry and diffusion tensor imaging have shown pro...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f169ec
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Gliomas represent a disparate group of malignancies with varying clinical outcomes despite a tremendous amount of time, effort, and resources dedicated to their management and understanding. The most aggressive entity, glioblastoma, has a dismal prognosis with poor local control despite intense local ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000760
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article discusses recent advances in the understanding of clinical and genetic aspects of primary ataxias, including congenital, autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, episodic, X-linked, and mitochondrial ataxias, as well as idiopathic degenerative and secondary ataxias. RECENT FINDINGS:Many ...
journal_title:Current opinion in neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000227
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00