Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:We review the molecular basis of epileptogenesis and the new perspectives in the treatment of epilepsy. DEVELOPMENT:Epileptogenesis are the molecular and cellular events producing the disordered firing of a subpopulation of neurons resulting in periodic seizures. Epilepsies may be due to genetic and acquired factors. Some idiopathic epilepsies are due to mutant genes coding voltage gated sodium and potassium channels, GABAA receptor chloride channels and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor sodium channels. Genetic defects also produce epilepsy secondary to either neuronal developmental or metabolic abnormalities, and may contribute to acquired epilepsy. Events observed in both animal and human acquired epilepsies are an increase in glutamate levels and NMDA receptor sensitivity, selective lost of pyramidal neurons, mossy fibre sprouting and neosinaptogenesis. There is also a reduction in inhibitory control due to lost of GABAergic interneurons, and a decrease in GABA levels and GABAA receptor sensitivity. Hyperexcitability may be also due to reduction in glial ATPasa activity, increase in astrocytes gap junctions, and decrease in extracellular calcium. Chandelier GABAergic interneuron microlesions and an hyperexcitable thalamus are key in spread of partial seizures. Absences may be caused by cortex hyperexcitability and genetic abnormalities in thalamic voltage gated T calcium channels. Brain stem is key in convulsive seizures. The role of voltage gated potassium, sodium and calcium channels, and GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in epileptogenesis and treatment of epilepsies are revised. The role of other neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, second messengers, and immediate early genes and neurotrophins are also commented. CONCLUSION:Understanding the molecular basis of epileptogenesis should lead to the rational design of drugs both to prevent the development of epilepsy, and minimize hyperexcitability which may be the result of a genetic or acquired disorder.
journal_name
Rev Neuroljournal_title
Revista de neurologiaauthors
Armijo JA,Valdizán EM,De Las Cuevas I,Cuadrado Asubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-01 00:00:00pages
409-29issue
5eissn
0210-0010issn
1576-6578pii
rn2001404journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Prenatal risk factors causing cerebral palsy (CP), here defined as a non-progressive motor abnormality of tone or posture, are much more numerous than once believed, when a great deal of brain injury was attributed to factors surrounding delivery. Scientific advances in genetics and biochemistry, as well as clinical t...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating neurological disease that usually gives rise to motor, perceptive, affective and cognitive disorders in patients. These symptoms can lead the person to lose his or her job and lower the quality of life of both patients and their relatives. AIM:To review the literature...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2014-02-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The presence of muscarinic receptors on lymphocytes and possible modifications in their number and affinity may be related to cholinergic changes found in muscarinic receptors at a central level. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this paper is to bring the technique for the determination of lymphocyte muscarinic...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In embryonic mesencephalic transplant in patients with Parkinson s disease dopaminergic survival is low (5 10%), and for this reason the use of multiple donors has been considered. The difficulty of obtaining more tissue determines the need for a procedure that enables human nigral tissue to be stored for a time witho...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Perforating artery disease is still the main cause of lacunar infarcts (LI), while the relationship between this type of ischemia and carotid stenosis (CS) is controversial. OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between CS and LI in patients with criteria of localized ischemia in the carotid territory separ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：PATIENTS AND METHODS:Fifty patients diagnosed as having epileptic crises were given neuropsychological tests including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale or WAIS, Luria's neuropsychological test and a quantitative EEG examination. Multivariate analysis was done of the following variables: presence or absence of inte...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Advances in genetics, techniques for diagnosis and treatment, and increasing concern for the quality of life and neuropsychological aspects of epileptic children and the possible repercussions of treatment lead to changes in the approach to epilepsy and require continual adaptation. In this ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Necrosis of the basal ganglia (NBG) is an uncommon condition in childhood. Cases of NBG have been reported in connection with metabolic disorders, infections, degenerative conditions, intoxications, head injuries and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathies. The commonest clinical features include alteration of c...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:When the clinical picture consists of prominent cognitive impairments (e.g. amnesia) with relatively mild behavioral symptoms, it can be very difficult to distinguish frontal lobe dementia (FLD) from Alzheimer disease (AD). However, these conditions may have distinct cognitive profiles that c...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To present the current concepts of the clinical phenomenology and natural history of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), differential diagnosis with other involuntary movements, its pathogenesis and current management. DEVELOPMENT:GTS is a disorder characterized by a spectrum of both motor and sonic tics, ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Progressive cerebral polidystrophy or Alpers syndrome is a clinico-pathological picture, with no specific biological marker, characterized by involvement mainly of the cerebral grey matter and which shows clinically as a rapidly progressive encephalopathy with intractable seizures, usually myoclonic. The t...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL CASE:A 58-year-old hypertensive man presented with the sudden onset of quadriplegia and inability to protrude the tongue. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a bilateral medial medullary infarction associated with an abnormally dilated and partially occluded vertebral artery. CONCLUSION:This is...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To analyze the validity of the single deck 64-card Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST-64) compared to the standard version (WCST-128), and to study the sensibility of both versions to identify changes over time in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). PATIENTS AND METHODS:The WCST was administered twice acro...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Despite their importance, little attention has been given to the recognition of early markers of hyperactivity in the scientific literature and in everyday practice it can be difficult to separate some of the physiological behaviours displayed by older babies or preschool infants from pathological processe...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To observe the frequency of various psychiatric disorders (depressive disorders, anxiety state and paraphrenic-paranoid disorders). PATIENTS AND METHODS:This study includes the 'cases' of dementia detected in an epidemiological field study done door-to-door, double phased and including non-institutionalized ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Normal persons, whatever their level of education, have innate basic mathematical ability, but this is very sensitive to deterioration of cognitive function. The tests currently available do not permit evaluation of this ability in patients who cannot read or have little education. The coin test (CT) was d...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical, electro-encephalographic and evolutionary characteristics of a series of patients diagnosed as having benign neonatal sleep myoclonus (BNSM). MATERIAL AND METHODS:The clinical histories of 21 patients with BNSM were analyzed. Criteria for inclusion in the study were: neonates who ha...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment of stroke is effective when given straight away at the onset of symptoms. Our objective was to find what the present latent periods in the medical attention of stroke patients are. A study was made in 18 hospital neurology units. The time elapsed between onset of the stroke and being attended by a doctor in ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Headaches are a frequent cause of children's visits to different health care services but the epidemiological profile varies widely according to whether the sample is taken from among visits to hospital clinics, neuropaediatric units or emergency services. AIMS:The aim of this study was to analyse the aet...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT:Frontal lobe, more specifically prefrontal cortex, is one of the brain regions that undergoes more protracted ongoing development. The wider the developmental window of one brain structure, the more vulnerable the functions related to it. Hence, executive functions, which are mediated by pr...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Tourette syndrome is a neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary vocal and motor tics. It affects around 1 to 2% of school-age children and is the most common movement disorder in paediatric age. Tics are involuntary or semivoluntary, sudden, brief, intermittent, repetitive movements (motor tics) or...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2009-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Diagnostic criteria of transient global amnesia (TGA) establishes that memory functioning has to be recovered in 24 hours. However, there are contradictory data about the existence of long-term sequelae. Furthermore, there is no consensus about which is the most suitable tool in order to use in the assessm...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The new communication techniques and, particularly, Internet, are changing our way of collaborating, relating to each other and searching for information, paving the way for telemedicine. Such initiatives are described in the Revista de Neurologia, as well as the methodology followed to prepare the first Electronic Fo...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 社论
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The corpus callosum is the major neopallial connection between the two cerebral hemispheres. The corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) is found in 14% of CNS malformations. The diagnosis is based on neuroimaging procedures (ultrasonography, CT, MRI). The CCA is usually associated with facial dysmorphia, developme...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The early years of life, more especially the first three, are dominated by a series of anatomical-functional facts that express the progressive enrichment of behaviour through the process of neurological maturation, which is expressed as reaching the maximum level of functioning at each stage of developmen...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To review the neurochemical features and therapeutic options for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). DEVELOPMENT:The main neurochemical alterations in FTD are the serotoninergic and dopamine depletion. In contrast with Alzheimer's and diffuse Lewy bodies disease, there are not significant alterations of the cholinergic...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:«Man-in-the-barrel» syndrome refers to diplegia of the upper extremities in which mobility of the head and lower limbs is preserved. Brachial plexitis that presents as «man-in-the-barrel» syndrome is an unusual manifestation of giant cell arteritis. We report a case of C5-C6 plexitis as part of the clinica...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND AIMS:Parasomnias have been little studied in prepubertal age children. When it happens often they can alter the continuity of the sleep and reduce the value restorer of this affecting the academic functioning and daytime behavioural in younger children. We study the total frequency of the parasomnias, ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:An important aim of neuropsychological assessment is to identify impairment in higher cognitive or intellectual, functioning. In order to achieve this task the assessment of premorbid intellectual ability becomes crucial. The estimation of premorbid cognitive functioning will allow us to assess level of co...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To analyse the data and concepts that have been produced in relation to one of the functions that have been suggested for sleep, namely, neuronal recovery. DEVELOPMENT:Sleep is a state of consciousness that is different to that of arousal. Mammals devote an important part of their lives to sleeping; for example, a...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
