Abstract:
PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between overall fitness improvement and varying amounts of running and movement mileage. METHODS:Subjects were male U.S. Navy recruits (N = 1703, 25 divisions), ages 17-35 yr (mean age = 20.1 +/- 2.9 yr), who attended boot camp from April 1996 through August 1996. During the first week of training, recruits performed a 1.5-mile run to determine baseline fitness levels. The results from the initial run were compared with a final 1.5-mile run conducted 6 wk later. RESULTS:Based on an age-adjusted fitness scale for a 1.5-mile run time, about one third of the recruits began recruit training in "Excellent-Superior" condition (N = 558), one third began in "Good" condition (N = 582), and one third began in "Poor-Fair" condition (N = 563). Running mileage among divisions ranged from 11.5 to 43.5 miles for the entire 7-wk training period (mean = 22.7 +/- 7.2 miles; 8-22 run days, mean = 13 +/- 4 d). In addition to running, the divisions accumulated many movement miles (110-202 miles; mean = 145 +/- 26 miles) while marching in formation. Recruits who began training in Poor-Fair condition improved the most with an average decrease in run time of 1:55 +/- 1:06 min (15.6% improvement). The Good group improved by 47 +/- 37 s (7.3% improvement), and the Excellent-Superior group improved by 17 +/- 32 s (2.9% improvement). CONCLUSION:The magnitude of fitness improvement, as measured by run time improvement, was directly related to baseline fitness level but not related to movement mileage or high-intensity run mileage accrued during training.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Trank TV,Ryman DH,Minagawa RY,Trone DW,Shaffer RAdoi
10.1097/00005768-200106000-00024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-06-01 00:00:00pages
1033-8issue
6eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether lactate profiling could detect changes in discrete aspects of endurance fitness in world-ranked swimmers during a season. METHODS:Eight male and four female Australian National Team swimmers aged 20--27 yr undertook a 7 x 200-m incremental swimming step test on four occasions over an 8-mon...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200102000-00019
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether the magnitude of improvement in athletic performance and the mechanisms driving these adaptations differ in relatively weak individuals exposed to either ballistic power training or heavy strength training. METHODS:Relatively weak men (n = 24) who could perform the back squat with proficie...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d2013a
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is commonly believed that exposure to cold environmental temperatures depresses immune function and increases the risk for infection. This review paper will 1) present an overview of human physiological responses to cold exposure, 2) present the human studies examining the effects of cold exposure on immune respons...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00005768-200212000-00023
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Physical activity (PA) associates with cardiovascular autonomic function, but the relationship with lifelong PA is unclear. We hypothesized that lifelong PA would associate with cardiovascular autonomic function in midlife. METHODS:At the age of 46 yr, the subjects of the prospective Northern Finland Birth Coh...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000942
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate variability of sedentary behavior (SB) throughout a 7-d measurement period and to determine if <7 d of SB measurement would be comparable with the typical 7-d measurement period. METHODS:Retrospective data from Ball State University's Clinical Exercise Phy...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000828
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bicycling is a complex sport in which an athlete's energy cost is related to two principal forces: air resistance when traveling on flat terrain, and gravity when traveling uphill. Both wind tunnel data and physiological measurements suggest that air resistance scales as body mass to about the 1/3 power. Thus, large c...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Cycling to school is positively associated with aerobic fitness in Danish schoolchildren and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a positive association exists between active travel and aerobic fitness in English schoolchildren, where cycling to school is rare. METHODS:Participant...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b11bdc
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Little is known about whether acute exercise affects signs or symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. This experiment sought to determine the effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity leg cycling exercise on measures of attention, hyperactivity, mood, and motivation to comple...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000864
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Training intensity may play a key role in magnifying the protective effect of physical exercise against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PURPOSE:This study aimed to test the hypothesis that vigorous-intensity and interval training is as effective as moderate-intensity and continuous exercise traini...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000595
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Aerobic training (AT) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) reduce arterial stiffness, whereas resistance training (RT) induces deterioration of or no change in arterial stiffness. However, the molecular mechanism of these effects of different exercise modes remains unclear. This study aimed to clarif...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001567
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of somatotype on the validity of anthropometric prediction of body density (Db) in young women (N = 92) was investigated. Three groups of predominantly endomorph (N = 27), mesomorph (N = 35), and ectomorph (N = 30) women were identified by the Heath-Carter and Sheldon somatotyping methods. Discriminant a...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of physical exercise and vitamin C on iron absorption after oral iron administration was investigated. Eight healthy male subjects without iron deficiency were studied after administration of 100 mg ferric sodium citrate complex, 100 mg ferric sodium citrate complex with 200 mg ascorbic acid, and without ir...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199612000-00005
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used an algebraic model of resting heart rate (HRr), HRr-mn (HRo), to compare resting parasympathetic (n) and sympathetic (m) influence, intrinsic heart rate (HRo), and resting autonomic balance (Abal) in ten endurance-trained (ET) and ten nontrained (NT) men. The values of m, n, and Abal were determined by selecti...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-198902000-00008
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to compare the time-frequency characteristic, using nonlinearly scaled wavelets, of the EMG signal as well as the three-dimensional (3D) knee kinematics of female and male elite soccer players performing an unanticipated cutting maneuver. METHODS:Fifteen female and 15 male elite so...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817b8e9e
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the relationship between exercise and dietary macronutrient selection. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (5 months old) were placed on a macronutrient self-selection diet for 15 wk. Three food cups, each containing a separate vitamin and mineral supplemented macronutrient, i.e., fat, carbohydrate, or ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of muscle activity level on serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after high-force eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. METHODS:Twenty-six male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups for a 4-d treatment period after exercise: immobi...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200009000-00011
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle force can be transmitted via connective tissues to neighboring muscles. The goal of this research is to determine the extent to which this effects force summation between synergists during physiological conditions. This manuscript reviews two studies examining the interaction between synergists in cat hindlimb....
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318183c0c3
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this investigation was to present an alternative paradigm to that of dividing the rate of oxygen consumption by body mass (VO2.M-1, mL.min-1kg-1) for comparing walking economy in humans. METHODS:The paradigm used dimensional analysis and similarity theory to derive a measure of size-independent ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200206000-00017
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the contributions of physical fitness and body composition to 24-h fat oxidation in adults under sedentary conditions in a whole-room calorimeter. METHODS:The following measurements were studied in 109 adults (49 male/45 female) at least 36 h after a bout of exercise: 1) aerobic fitne...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200004000-00013
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This article reports on the findings and recommendations of the "Physiology of Sedentary Behavior and Its Relationship to Health Outcomes" group, a part of a larger workshop entitled Sedentary Behavior: Identifying Research Priorities sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and by the Nationa...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000518
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased vertical impact loading during running has been associated with a variety of running related injuries including stress fractures, patellofemoral pain, and plantar fasciitis. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the acute and long-term effect of a gait retraining program aimed at teaching runners...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001710
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of a 12-wk period of aquatic training and subsequent detraining on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and physical fitness in females with fibromyalgia. METHODS:Thirty-four females with fibromyalgia were randomly assigned into two groups: an exercise group, who exercised for 60 min ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0b0138059aec4
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uptake of zinc (Zn) into the plasma after the ingestion of 25 mg of Zn from multivitamin-mineral supplement was studied in 10 men during running (R) and control (C) conditions; the R was for 2 h at 60-65% of their maximal oxygen uptake. Subjects took the supplement with 200 ml of deionized water before the R or C ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The present study examined the effect of extreme old age on the plasticity of the rat plantaris muscle in response to an increase in mechanical load. METHODS:Male Fischer 344 rats, aged 7 months (adult) and 25 months (old) underwent bilateral surgical ablation of the gastrocnemius muscle to functionally overlo...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200207000-00010
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:We examined the relationships between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), its binding protein (IGFBP-3), body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD) in collegiate runners (N = 13), gymnasts (N = 10), and noncompetitive women (N = 10). METHODS:Subjects were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiome...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200011000-00013
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sprint-trained athletes demonstrate a remarkable ability to perform exercise which results in fatigue quickly. However, the mechanisms for these enhanced performance capabilities have not been fully elucidated. Elevation in glycolytic enzymes and increased fast-twitch fiber compositions which would result in an enhanc...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Temperature increase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions after endurance exercise were expected to stimulate the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSP) in peripheral blood leukocytes. Furthermore, it was of interest whether regular endurance training influences HSP expression. METHODS:The expression ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200003000-00007
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The magnitude of atrophy and strength loss induced by partial or complete disuse of skeletal muscles varies greatly among individuals. Factors predisposing some individuals to more extreme responses have not been identified. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether 1) level of activity before ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000176302.99185.be
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Serial evaluation of aerobic metabolism and exercise tolerance early after heart transplantation (HT). METHODS:Fifteen heart transplant recipients (HTR), aged 52.0 +/- 9.9 yr (mean +/- SD), not undergoing structured rehabilitation programs, were tested two to four times during the first 2 yr post-HT. As a refe...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000093610.71730.02
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Sleep is considered essential for muscle recovery, mainly due to its effect on hormone secretion. Total sleep deprivation or restriction is known to alter not only blood hormones but also cytokines that might be related to skeletal muscle recovery. This study aimed to evaluate whether total sleep deprivation af...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002137
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00