Abstract：
:Six genes are vertebrate homologues of the homeobox-containing gene sine oculis, which plays an essential role in controlling Drosophila compound eye development. Here we report the identification and expression patterns of all three subfamilies of Xenopus Six genes. Two Six2 subfamily genes (Six1, Six2) showed very similar expression patterns in cranial ganglia, otic placodes and the eyes. Non-neural expression of Six1 and Six2 was observed with mesodermal head mesenchyme, somites and their derivatives, the muscle anlagen of the embryonic trunk. In addition, Six2 expression was also found with mesenchyme associated with the developing stomach and pronephros. Expression of Six3 subfamily genes (Six3.1, Six3.2, Six6.1, and Six6.2) was restricted to the developing head, where expression was especially observed in derivatives of the forebrain (eyes, optic stalks, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland). Interestingly, expression of all Six3 subfamily members but Six6.2 was also found with the pineal gland primordium and the tegmentum. Expression of Six4 subfamily genes (Six4.1, Six4.2) was present in the developing visceral arches, placodal derivatives (otic vesicle, olfactory system), head mesenchyme and the eye. The observed dynamic expression patterns are largely conserved between lower and higher vertebrates and imply important roles of Six family genes not only in eye formation and myogenesis, but also in the development of the gut, the kidney and of placode-derived structures.
journal_name
Mech Devjournal_title
Mechanisms of developmentauthors
Ghanbari H,Seo HC,Fjose A,Brändli AWdoi
10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00572-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-03-01 00:00:00pages
271-7issue
1-2eissn
0925-4773issn
1872-6356pii
S0925477300005724journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The polyhomeotic (ph) gene of Drosophila is a member of the Polycomb group of genes and encodes a chromatin protein required for negative regulation of homeotic genes and other loci, in particular the ph locus itself. We have studied the genetic control of ph transcription during development. Early ph expression is un...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(95)00412-t
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All body pigment cells in vertebrates are derived from the neural crest. In fish the neural crest can generate up to six different types of pigment cells, as well as various non-pigmented derivatives. In mouse and zebrafish, extensive collections of pigmentation mutants have enabled dissection of many aspects of pigme...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2004.01.004
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exogenously applied retinoic acid given at the early stages of gastrulation causes abnormal development of the caudal midbrain and anterior hindbrain in vertebrate embryos. We describe the limits of the brain regions that are affected using neuroanatomical criteria in the zebrafish embryo. Analysis of the reticulospin...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(94)00321-d
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a Drosophila cell-free system, we have analyzed the regulation of alternative splicing of Drosophila muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) transcripts. Splicing of MHC 3' end transcripts results in exclusion of adult-specific alternative exon 18, as is observed in embryonic and larval muscle in vivo. Mutations that st...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(92)90075-u
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mammals, 16 members of the Fgf family have so far been described with diverse roles in embryonic cell growth and differentiation. Here, we report the expression from early streak stage to midgestation of two newly-identified murine genes, Fgf17 and Fgf18, that are most closely related to Fgf8 (63.7% and 56.8% ident...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00061-6
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drosophila melanogaster possesses a single gene, Dm myb, that is closely related to the vertebrate family of Myb genes, which encode transcription factors involved in regulatory decisions affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In proliferating cells, the Dm myb gene product, DMyb, promotes both S...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00044-3
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spatial and temporal expression of seven Drosophila protein tyrosine phosphatase genes during oogenesis was examined by whole mount in-situ hybridization of antisense RNA probes to ovaries. Our observations indicate diverse expression patterns consistent with multiple roles for protein tyrosine phosphatases in the...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(95)00432-z
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In multicellular organisms, very little is known about the role of mRNA stability in development, and few proteins involved in degradation pathways have been characterized. We have identified the Drosophila homologue of XRN1, which is the major cytoplasmic 5'-3' exoribonuclease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00173-7
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the mammary gland Bcl-x is the most abundant cell survival factor from the Bcl-2 family. Since Bcl-x null mice die around day 12 of embryogenesis, the relevance of this protein in organ development and function is poorly understood. In erythroid cells bcl-x gene expression is controlled by cytokines and the transcr...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00549-4
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transcription factor scleraxis (SCX) is expressed throughout tendon development and plays a key role in directing tendon wound healing. However, little is known regarding its role in fetal or young postnatal tendons, stages in development that are known for their enhanced regenerative capabilities. Here we used RN...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2020.103635
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In chick embryos, naso-temporal polarity of the retina becomes established before Hamburger-Hamilton stage 10. To examine the plasticity of the early eye anlage, double-temporal eyes were made using stage 10-11 (E1.5) chick embryos and stage 8-9 quail embryos. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that these doubl...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00058-6
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DmFoxF is a novel Drosophila fork head domain factor, which is expressed in the visceral mesoderm of the embryo. Our data suggest that DmFoxF is the fly orthologue of the vertebrates FOXF1 and FOXF2 transcription factors. DmFoxF shares homology with FOXF1 and FOXF2 in its fork head domain, and it is able to specifical...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00603-7
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-cell interactions during embryogenesis have been shown to be important for establishing developmental fates in a number of organisms such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis. One class of genes shown to mediate this process are receptor-protein tyrosine kinases (R-PTKs). To examine whether R-PTKs might participate i...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(94)90078-7
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The forkhead type Brain Factor 2 from mouse and chicken help pattern the forebrain, optic vesicle and kidney. We have isolated a Xenopus homolog (Xbf2) and found that during gastrulation it is expressed in the dorsolateral mesoderm, where it helps specify this territory by downregulating BMP-4 and its downstream genes...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00190-7
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During vertebrate eye development, the expression of the homeobox gene Six6 is restricted to the neural retina and is initiated later than Rx and Pax6 in the presumptive retina field. We show here that overexpression of mouse Six6 in Xenopus embryos can induce transformation of competent tissue of the anterior neural ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00271-9
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression pattern of K(+) currents is the principal regulator of electrical activity during development of the nervous and muscular system. We report here a study showing the expression pattern of HERG K(+) currents-encoding (erg) genes in various nervous and muscular tissues at different stages of quail embryo d...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00335-x
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dystroglycan is a transmembrane receptor protein that provides a structural linkage between extracellular matrix components and cytoskeletal proteins. It was originally characterized as a member of dystrophin associated protein complex in muscle but, unlike other proteins of this complex, mutations in the dystroglycan...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00091-1
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have characterised the transdifferentiation of human HepG2 (hepatoma) cells to pancreatic cells following introduction of an activated version of the pancreatic transcription factor Pdx1 (XlHbox8-VP16). The following questions are addressed: (1) are all types of pancreatic cells produced? (2) is the requirement for...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2005.01.001
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the development of the proventriculus (glandular stomach) of the chicken embryo, the endodermal epithelium invades into the surrounding mesenchyme and forms glands. The glandular epithelial cells produce pepsinogen, while the non-glandular (luminal) epithelial cells secrete mucus. Sonic hedgehog is expressed un...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00069-8
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The products of the trithorax gene are required to stably maintain homeotic gene expression patterns established during embryo-genesis by the action of the transiently expressed segmentation genes. We have determined the intron/exon structure of the trx gene and the large alternatively spliced trx RNAs, which are capa...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(95)00402-m
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many proteins involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion are characterized by the presence of an extracellular domain with repeated copies of a leucine-rich motif (LRR). Here we report the isolation and characterization of a novel gene, tlr (for Toll-like receptor), which encodes a protein containing multiple L...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(94)90041-8
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drosophila immunity and embryogenesis appear to be linked by an evolutionarily ancient signalling pathway, which includes the Rel-domain transcription factors Dif and dorsal, respectively, as well as a common inhibitor, cactus. Previous genetic screens have centered on maternal mutants that disrupt the dorsal pathway....
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(96)00506-0
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cortactin is a Src substrate that interacts with F-actin and can stimulate actin polymerization by direct interaction with the Arp2/3 complex. We have isolated complete loss-of-function mutants of the single Drosophila cortactin gene. Mutants are viable and fertile, showing that cortactin is not an essential gene. How...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2003.10.003
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have isolated and characterized two complete cDNA clones, Zfz8a and Zfz8b, which encode zebrafish Frizzled (Fz) homologues. The predicted protein sequences, spanning 579 and 576 amino acid residues for ZFz8a and ZFz8b, respectively, were highly homologous (78%) to each other and contained an extracellular cysteine-...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00137-3
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mammals, the Ror-family receptor tyrosine kinases consist of two structurally related proteins, Ror1 and Ror2, characterized by the extracellular Frizzled-like cysteine-rich domain and membrane proximal kringle domains. As an attempt to gain insights into their roles in mouse development, expression patterns of Ror...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00383-5
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2) plays a critical role in growth, differentiation and cell death, but its function in the developing cerebellum is still uncertain. In this study we analyzed the effects of TGF-beta2 on ex vivo developing cerebellar slice cultures. Proliferation of granule cell precursors p...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2004.10.012
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent work identified an apoptotic program in gastrulation stage Xenopus embryos (Anderson, J.A., Lewellyn, A.L., Maller, J.L., 1997. Mol. Biol. Cell 8, 1195-1206; Stack, J.H., Newport, J.W., 1997. Development 124, 3185-3195). Here, we characterize in detail this maternal cell death program, which is set up at fertil...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00191-3
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the origin and nature of the signals responsible for specification of the dermatomal lineage, excised axial organs in 2-day-old chick embryos were replaced by grafts of the dorsal neural tube, or the ventral neural tube plus the notochord, or aggregates of cells engineered to produce Sonic hedgehog (Shh...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00540-2
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway was first defined by its role in segment polarity in the Drosophila melanogaster embryonic epidermis and has since been linked to many aspects of vertebrate development and disease. In humans, mutation of the Patched1 (PTCH1) gene, which encodes an inhibitor of Hh signaling, leads to tumors o...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2012.05.007
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increases in Na/K-ATPase activity occur concurrently with the onset of cavitation and are associated with increases in Na(+)-pump subunit mRNA and protein expression. We have hypothesized that the alpha1-isozyme of the Na/K-ATPase is required to mediate blastocyst formation. We have tested this hypothesis by character...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2004.04.005
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
