Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans.

abstract：:Central administration of melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor (MC3/4-R) agonists increases energy expenditure, with the hypothalamus commonly held as the primary site of action. It is also clear, however, that MC4-R are expressed in caudal brainstem structures of relevance to the control of energy expenditure. Three experim...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Williams DL,Bowers RR,Bartness TJ,Kaplan JM,Grill HJ

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In view of recent reports on ovarian production and action of transforming growth factors (TGFs) and inhibin-related proteins (inhibin, activin, and follistatin), we have examined the effects of these hormones on the function of preovulatory follicles in vitro. Individual preovulatory follicles were obtained from PMSG...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Tsafriri A,Vale W,Hsueh AJ

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular size heterogeneities of PRL and GH in mice of the high mammary tumor C3H/St strain and low mammary tumor C57BL/St strain were compared under different physiological states. At least three size variants, the big (void volume), the intermediate (dimeric), and the little (monomeric) forms, of both hormones were...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Sinha YN

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study used perforated-patch electrophysiology and calcium imaging in GnRH transgenic mouse lines to determine the mechanisms underlying the potent excitatory effects of kisspeptin upon GnRH neurons in the acute brain slice preparation. Kisspeptin (100 nm) depolarized (6 +/- 1 mV) and/or evoked an 87 +/- 4%...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Liu X,Lee K,Herbison AE

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four different GnRHs and one GnRH receptor are reported to be expressed in various mammals, whereas 13 GnRHs and numerous GnRH receptors have been identified in various nonmammalian vertebrates. The nucleotide sequencing of the human genome provided the opportunity to determine which of these peptides and receptors mi...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Neill JD

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effects of ACTH and the Ca++ ionophore, A23187, on steroidogenesis and phospholipid metabolism during incubation of dispersed rat adrenal cells. Increasing doses of ACTH elicited nearly parallel increases in corticosterone production and adrenal inositide (mono- and di-) concentrations. As reported pre...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Farese RV,Sabir MA,Larson RE

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concentration of testosterone (T) and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in plasma, seminal fluid, and epididymis of male Wistar rats have been determined by radioimmunoassay. The DHT/T ratio rose from 0.1 in blood to 1 in testicular fluid and 4 in epididymal fluid. This ratio is 2 in tissues of "caput" epididymis a...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Pujol A,Bayard F,Louvet JP,Boulard C

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolactin (PRL) receptors are expressed in a broad range of human cell types and in a majority of human breast and prostate cancers. Experimentally, normal and malignant human cells are typically cultured in vitro in media containing bovine PRL (bPRL) from fetal bovine serum or as xenotransplants in vivo in the presen...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Utama FE,Tran TH,Ryder A,LeBaron MJ,Parlow AF,Rui H

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High plasma levels of estradiol (E2) are associated with use of a place memory system over a response memory system. We examined whether infusing estradiol into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or anterior cingulate cortex (AC) could affect memory system bias in female rats. We also examined the ultrastructural dis...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Almey A,Cannell E,Bertram K,Filardo E,Milner TA,Brake WG

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] inhibits proliferation of normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells at least in part through inhibition of G1 to S phase cell cycle progression. The mechanisms of the antiproliferative effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 have yet to be fully elucidated but are known to require the vita...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Flores O,Burnstein KL

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin (KNDy) cells of the hypothalamus are a key component in the neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH secretion. Evidence in sheep and other species suggests that dynorphin released by KNDy cells inhibits pulsatile GnRH secretion by acting upon κ-opioid receptors (KOR). However, the precise a...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Weems PW,Witty CF,Amstalden M,Coolen LM,Goodman RL,Lehman MN

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular links between membrane excitability and neurohormone synthesis were investigated using a simple model system: the bag cell neurons of Aplysia. We tested the hypothesis that the electrical afterdischarge, which leads to depletion of egg-laying hormone (ELH) by triggering secretion, rapidly stimulates ELH ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Lee W,Wayne NL

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the relationship between plasma gonadotropin concentrations and the initiation and maintenance of preovulatory follicular growth in macaques. Eight adult cynomolgus monkeys were treated with a GnRH antagonist [AcD2Nal1-4ClDPhe2, DTrp3, DArg6, DAla10]GnRH X HOAc to block endogenous gonadotropin ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Zeleznik AJ,Kubik CJ

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics and functional relevance of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-induced nitric oxide production in isolated pancreatic islets. Thus, islets were isolated from adult rats, precultured for 3-5 days in medium RPMI-1640 plus 10% fetal calf serum, and then exposed to IL-1 b...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Welsh N,Eizirik DL,Bendtzen K,Sandler S

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are tumors arising from neural crest-derived chromaffin cells. There are currently few animal models of PCC that recapitulate the key features of human tumors. Because such models may be useful for investigations of molecular pathomechanisms and development of novel therapeutic interventions, ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Wiedemann T,Peitzsch M,Qin N,Neff F,Ehrhart-Bornstein M,Eisenhofer G,Pellegata NS

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adrenomedullin (AM), a potent and novel vasodilator 52-residue peptide originally isolated from pheochromocytoma, is processed from a precursor molecule (preproAM) in which another unique 20-residue sequence, termed proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), exists. Using [125I Tyr0] rat PAMP as a radioligand, we...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Iwasaki H,Hirata Y,Iwashina M,Sato K,Marumo F

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flavonoids are functional constituents of many fruits and vegetables. Some flavonoids have antidiabetic properties because they improve altered glucose and oxidative metabolisms of diabetic states. Procyanidins are flavonoids with an oligomeric structure, and it has been shown that they can improve the pathological ox...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Pinent M,Blay M,Bladé MC,Salvadó MJ,Arola L,Ardévol A

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A heterologous RIA for rat GH-releasing factor (rGRF) was established using synthetic rGRF-(1-43)OH for both standard reference and radioiodination with the antiserum produced against human GRF-(1-44) NH2. The regional distribution of rGRF-like immunoreactivity (LI) in rat hypothalamus was examined according to the Pa...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Kita T,Chihara K,Abe H,Minamitani N,Kaji H,Kodama H,Kashio Y,Okimura Y,Fujita T,Ling N

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that repeated antenatal synthetic glucocorticoid exposure has sex-specific effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal development in the fetal and adult guinea pig. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these sex-specific outcomes. In the current study we demonstrated that...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Owen D,Matthews SG

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The short loop feedback effect of PRL was studied in young (4-5 months of age) and old (24-26 months of age) ovariectomized rats after a single iv injection of bovine PRL (bPRL, 500 micrograms/100 g BW) or BSA (500 micrograms/100 g BW). Blood samples were collected via intraatrial cannula every 20 min for assay of PRL...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Sarkar DK,Miki N,Meites J

更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two isoforms of the GH receptor, the full-length receptor (GHRL) and a short isoform (GHRS) that lacks the transmembrane and intracellular domains of GHRL, have been analyzed in rat tissue extracts by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Although quantitative estimates of GHRS and GHRL based on coprecipitation of...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Frick GP,Tai LR,Baumbach WR,Goodman HM

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that daily afternoon melatonin injections from 20-40 days of age inhibited sexual development of young male rats, whereas in adult animals, similar injections had no effect. The present study was designed to determine more precisely the critical age period during which...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Lang U,Aubert ML,Rivest RW,Vinas-Bradtke JC,Sizonenko PC

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The corpora lutea of pregnancy in the rat are highly dependent on the action of PRL and PRL-like hormones to hypertrophy and to produce progesterone needed for the maintenance of gestation. Two forms of the PRL receptor (PRL-R), designated as long (PRL-RL) and short (PRL-RS), have been described in rat tissues. To det...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Telleria CM,Parmer TG,Zhong L,Clarke DL,Albarracin CT,Duan WR,Linzer DI,Gibori G

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structural requirements for the inhibition of net bone collagen synthesis by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in vitro have been examined by study of the effects of selected fragments and analogs of bovine PTH (bPTH) upon the incorporation of [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible and -nondigestible proteins by neonatal...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Bringhurst FR,Potts JT Jr

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although acute leptin administration in the hypothalamus decreases food intake and increases peripheral energy metabolism, the peripheral actions of central chronic leptin administration are less understood. In this study, we investigated what effects chronic (7 d) intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of lepti...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Keung W,Palaniyappan A,Lopaschuk GD

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune activation results in the activation of adrenal steroidogenesis and inhibition of gonadal steroidogenesis. Previous studies indicated that these effects were caused primarily by activation and suppression of the secretion of ACTH and LH, respectively. However, other evidence indicated a direct effect of the imm...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Hales KH,Diemer T,Ginde S,Shankar BK,Roberts M,Bosmann HB,Hales DB

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on suckling-induced oxytocin release was investigated by recording intramammary pressure changes in suckled rats treated iv with THC (0.5 mg/kg BW) or vehicle. Latency to the first posttreatment milk ejection and posttreatment milk ejection intervals and pressure wave a...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Tyrey L,Murphy LL

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A highly conserved region in the PTH promoter was identified using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) 2 Sequences comparison. Strong specific complexes were observed with a DNA probe that contained much of the computer-derived conserved sequence in the EMSA using bovine parathyroid gland (bPTG) nuclear extr...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Alimov AP,Langub MC,Malluche HH,Koszewski NJ

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity induced by high-fat (HF) feeding is associated with low-grade inflammation in peripheral tissues that predisposes to insulin resistance. Recent evidence suggests the occurrence of a similar process in the hypothalamus, which favors weight gain through impairment of leptin and insulin signaling. In addition to ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Thaler JP,Schwartz MW

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The enteroendocrine and enteric nervous systems convey signals through an overlapping network of regulatory peptides that act either as circulating hormones or as localized neurotransmitters within the gastrointestinal tract. Because recent studies invoke an important role for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as a ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Yusta B,Holland D,Waschek JA,Drucker DJ

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00