Abstract:
:The androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor mediating the action of androgens. The AR gene is localized on chromosome X and it contains a series of CAG trinucleotide repeats. The length of the CAG repeats varies among individuals and this polymorphism is believed to be related to AR transcriptional activity. Studies have shown that fewer CAG repeats are associated with an increased risk as well as more aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Although AR is expressed in breast cancer and the impact of androgen and AR on breast cancer has been recognized, the role of the CAG repeats in breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, we measured the CAG repeats in breast cancer tissue using a PCR-based method. Of the 133 patients with primary breast cancer, 102 were heterozygous and 31 were homozygous. The mean CAG repeat number for homozygous women was 21; for heterozygous women the repeat number mean was 20 for the short allele and 24 for the long allele. The length of CAG repeats either in one allele or in both alleles was inversely correlated with the histological grade of breast cancer (r = -0.23 or -0.26, respectively, p < 0.05). An association between positive lymph nodes and fewer CAG repeats in both alleles was also suggested (p = 0.06). Furthermore, survival analysis indicated that the total number of CAG repeats in both alleles was associated with patient overall survival. With every CAG repeat increase, there was a 6% reduction in the risk of death (RR = 0.94, p = 0.03). The association remained significant after controlling for the homozygous and heterozygous status (RR = 0.92, p = 0.01). The association became no longer significant when clinical and pathological variables were adjusted in the analysis but this could be due to the reduction of sample size in the multivariate analysis. CAG heterozygosity and difference in number of CAG repeats between the two alleles were not associated with either disease features or patient survival. Our results suggest that longer CAG repeats may occur more frequently in less aggressive cancer and that the CAG repeats may play a role in breast cancer progression.
journal_name
Breast Cancer Res Treatjournal_title
Breast cancer research and treatmentauthors
Yu H,Bharaj B,Vassilikos EJ,Giai M,Diamandis EPdoi
10.1023/a:1006356502820subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
153-61issue
2eissn
0167-6806issn
1573-7217journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:Alongside the modern trend of delaying childbirth, the high incidence of breast cancer among young women is causing significant pregnancy-related problems in Korea. We estimated the incidence of childbirth for young Korean breast cancer survivors compared with women who did not have breast cancer using a nation...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-019-05244-6
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the factors associated with screening mammography adherence behaviors and influencing factors on women's attitudes toward mammography in non-adherent women. Design-based logistic regression models were developed to characterize the influencing factors, including socio-demographic, health related, behaviora...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-014-2850-9
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Eribulin methylate (eribulin) improved the overall survival (OS) of HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (HER2-ABC) patients; however, the mechanism underlying the OS improvement has not been clarified. Several reports suggest that eribulin promotes antitumor immunity via tumor micro-environment conditioning. R...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-020-05626-1
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val108/158Met polymorphism and breast cancer risk. However, the results remain conflicting rather than conclusive. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, we performed this meta-analysis. System...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s10549-009-0650-4
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::BRCA1 protein is normally expressed in the nuclei of breast epithelial cells and functions as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. Mutations of BRCA1 gene have been associated with familial breast carcinomas. Although somatic mutations have not been demonstrated in sporadic breast carcinomas, loss of nuclear expres...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1013317909431
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A human estrogen receptor (ER) cDNA probe was used to examine genomic DNA extracted from 59 primary invasive breast cancers. The tumors were also studied histopathologically, and their ER status was assessed by hormone-binding assay and immunohistochemical analysis. Southern blots of genomic DNA samples digested with ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01805976
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::After more than 100 reported randomized trials of systemic adjuvant therapy in breast cancer, it is clear that this therapy will prolong the time to recurrence and the survival time significantly, at least in some patient subsets. But there is less than complete agreement as to which subsets, which therapies, how much...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验,评审
doi:10.1007/BF01805971
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that human breast carcinoma cells demonstrating an interconverted phenotype, where keratin (epithelial marker) and vimentin (mesenchymal marker) intermediate filaments are both expressed, have an increased ability to invade a basement membrane matrix in vitro. This increase in invasive potenti...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1006188129423
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Evidence suggests that premenopausal obesity decreases and postmenopausal obesity increases breast cancer risk. Because it is not well known whether this is subtype dependent, we studied the association between body mass index (BMI) and age at breast cancer diagnosis, or the probability of being diagnosed with ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4579-8
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taxanes are being used for the treatment of breast cancer. However, cancer cells frequently develop resistance to these drugs with the subsequent recurrence of the tumor. MDA-MB-231 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines were used to assess the effect of paclitaxel treatment on apoptosis and cell cycle, the possible mecha...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1864-9
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ductal carcinoma in situ (intraductal carcinoma) of the breast is a commonly recognized and curable clinical entity. Patients with intraductal carcinoma are at risk to develop invasive breast cancer presumably due to a transition from the noninvasive to the invasive phase of growth. Primary breast malignancies commonl...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00689717
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Neutropenia is the most common toxicity of CDK4/6 inhibitors, causing frequent dose interruptions. However, CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced neutropenia shows a benign clinical course in contrast to that caused by chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the safety of a new dose scheme for palbociclib, which avoids dose del...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-020-05750-y
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer is heavily influenced by the reproductive history of the individual. Pregnancy has a protective effect which is attributed to differences in the degree of differentiation of the breast. The purpose of this work was to determine whether the quantity and the type of parenchymal structures present in the hu...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01833517
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the overall survival of patients with brain metastases due to breast cancer and to identify prognostic factors that affect clinical outcome. METHODS:Of the 7,872 breast cancer patients histologically diagnosed with breast cancer between January 1990 and...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9806-2
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Tobacco smoking is a risk factor in several cancers, yet its roles as a putative etiologic exposure or poor prognostic factor in breast cancer are less clear. Altered DNA methylation contributes to breast cancer development and may provide a mechanistic link between smoking and gene expression changes leading t...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4178-8
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer; however the mechanism that underlies this association is unclear. We hypothesized that measures of energy balance early in life and in adulthood may be associated with mammographic density. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1,398 women in the Nur...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9631-7
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Droloxifene, a new antiestrogen, has theoretical advantages over tamoxifen based on preclinical data. These include higher affinity to the estrogen receptor, higher antiestrogenic to estrogenic ratio, and more effective inhibition of cell growth and division in ER positive cell lines, as well as less toxicity, includi...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00689679
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-Wide Association Studies have identified several loci associated with breast cancer (BC) in populations of different ethnic origins. One of the strongest associations was found in the FGFR2 gene, and MAP3K1 has been proposed as a low-penetrance BC risk factor. In this study, we evaluated the associations among ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-012-2359-z
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We used multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) to determine whether mitotic rate represents an independent prognostic marker in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Secondary aims were to confirm the prognostic significance of immune cells in TNBC, and to investigate the relationship between immune cells and proli...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-019-05396-5
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prognostic significance of estradiol (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) for survival from relapse has been studied in two groups of breast cancer patients: group 1, 35 patients in whom receptor levels were measured at the time of mastectomy; group II, 49 patients in whom receptor levels were measured at the tim...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01805988
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous meta-analyses have examined the prognosis of women with pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) as well as pregnancy that follows breast cancer diagnosis. Since then, many additional studies have been performed. We conducted an updated meta-analysis to examine the prognosis for women who become pre...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s10549-016-3989-3
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intramammary sentinel lymph node excision during breast conservative surgery was performed, in this case report, using a prototype intraoperative gamma probe. In contrast to the four axillary sentinel lymph nodes that were subnormal, the excised intramammary sentinel lymph node was massively invaded by cancer cells. T...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-004-2128-8
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::E6-associated protein (E6-AP) is a dual function protein. It acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase enzyme and coactivator of steroid hormone receptors such as estrogen (ERα) and progesterone (PR) receptors. It promotes the degradation of ERα and PR through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, it has been sh...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1567-2
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Results from four major hypofractionated whole-breast radiotherapy (HF-WBRT) trials have demonstrated equivalence in select patients with early-stage breast cancer when compared with conventionally fractionated WBRT (CF-WBRT). Because relatively little data were available on patients receiving neoadjuvant or ad...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4345-y
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a significant proportion of familial aggregation of breast cancer remains unexplained, many of the currently known breast cancer susceptibility genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53, play a role in maintaining genome integrity by engaging in DNA repair. RAD51L1 is one of the five RAD51 paralogs involved in h...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1539-6
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunotoxins are a relatively new class of cytotoxic agents consisting of a catalytic toxin linked to an appropriate targeting ligand. The ligand directs the toxin to the surface of a tumor cell, whereupon the toxin enters the cell and catalytically inactivates the ribosome, thus disrupting protein synthesis and effec...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00666210
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic risk prediction models such as BRCAPRO are used routinely in genetic counseling for identification of potential BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. They require extensive information on the counselee and her family history, and thus are not practical for primary care. To address this gap, we develop and test a ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-016-3686-2
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies from Western countries have found evidence of a recent decline in breast cancer incidence rates in postmenopausal women, findings which have been hypothesized to reflect a reduced use of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). We examined breast cancer incidence trends in Sweden between 1997 and 2007, a period cha...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-009-0615-7
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The genes mutated in the cancer-prone syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP genes), have been well studied both biochemically and mechanistically. These genes are important components of the DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, which protects against environmentally-induced cancers. XP genes are also ...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-006-9263-3
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the content, quality and reliability of YouTube videos related to breast self-examination. DESIGN:A search of YouTube was made on 21.06.2018 using the keyword of "breast self-examination". The videos were categorised by two doctors as useful information or misleading information. To evaluate the q...
journal_title:Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10549-018-5044-z
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00