Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The incidence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has risen dramatically in the U.S., particularly among children. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization has been inversely associated with S. aureus colonization in unvaccinated children, this and other risk factors for S. aureus carriage have not been assessed following widespread use of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). Our objectives were to (1) determine the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA colonization in young children in the context of widespread use of PCV7; and (2) examine risk factors for S. aureus colonization in the post-PCV7 era, including the absence of vaccine-type S. pneumoniae colonization. METHODS:Swabs of the anterior nares (S. aureus) were obtained from children enrolled in an ongoing study of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization of healthy children in 8 Massachusetts communities. Children 3 months to <7 years of age seen for well child or sick visits in primary care offices from 11/03-4/04 and 10/06-4/07 were enrolled. S. aureus was identified and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Epidemiologic risk factors for S. aureus colonization were collected from parent surveys and chart reviews, along with data on pneumococcal colonization. Multivariate mixed model analyses were performed to identify factors associated with S. aureus colonization. RESULTS:Among 1,968 children, the mean age (SD) was 2.7 (1.8) years, 32% received an antibiotic in the past 2 months, 2% were colonized with PCV7 strains and 24% were colonized with non-PCV7 strains. The prevalence of S. aureus colonization remained stable between 2003-04 and 2006-07 (14.6% vs. 14.1%), while MRSA colonization remained low (0.2% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.09). Although absence of pneumococcal colonization was not significantly associated with S. aureus colonization, age (6-11 mo vs. > or =5 yrs, OR 0.39 [95% CI 0.24-0.64]; 1-1.99 yrs vs. > or =5 yrs, OR 0.35 [0.23-0.54]; 2-2.99 yrs vs. > or =5 yrs, OR 0.45 [0.28-0.73]; 3-3.99 yrs vs. > or =5 yrs, OR 0.53 [0.33-0.86]) and recent antibiotic use were significant predictors in multivariate models. CONCLUSION:In Massachusetts, S. aureus and MRSA colonization remained stable from 2003-04 to 2006-07 among children <7 years despite widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. S. aureus nasal colonization varies by age and is inversely correlated with recent antibiotic use.
journal_name
BMC Infect Disjournal_title
BMC infectious diseasesauthors
Lee GM,Huang SS,Rifas-Shiman SL,Hinrichsen VL,Pelton SI,Kleinman K,Hanage WP,Lipsitch M,McAdam AJ,Finkelstein JAdoi
10.1186/1471-2334-9-110subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-11 00:00:00pages
110issn
1471-2334pii
1471-2334-9-110journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are however few longitudinal studies on the changes in case fatality rate of IPD in recent years. We carried out a prospective observational study of patients with IPD in Nord Trøndelag county in Norwa...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Active tuberculosis (TB) is common among HIV-infected persons living in tuberculosis endemic countries, and screening for tuberculosis (TB) is recommended routinely. We sought to determine the role of chest x-ray and sputum culture in the decision to treat for presumptive TB using active case finding in a la...
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更新日期:2009-09-18 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-05-06 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-01-09 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-08-12 00:00:00
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doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-503
更新日期:2014-09-17 00:00:00
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doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3596-5
更新日期:2018-12-18 00:00:00
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doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1032-7
更新日期:2015-07-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV infection induces chronic immune activation which is associated with accelerated disease progression; the causes of this activation, however, are incompletely understood. We investigated the activation status of CD4+ T cells specific for chronic herpes viruses and the non-persistent antigen tetanus toxoi...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
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doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-100
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更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI) in neonates is usually difficult due to minimal symptoms at presentation; thus early empirical therapy guided by local antibiotic susceptibility profile is necessary to improve therapeutic outcomes. METHODS:A review of neonatal blood cultures submitted to the microb...
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更新日期:2018-08-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2008-01-02 00:00:00
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更新日期:2005-06-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To determine the prevalence of enteric infections in Aboriginal children aged 0-2 years using conventional and molecular diagnostic techniques and to explore associations between the presence of pathogens and child growth. METHODS:Cross-sectional analysis of Aboriginal children (n = 62) residing in a remote...
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更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This paper studies the effect of mosquito abundance and malaria incidence in the last 3 weeks, and their interaction, on the hazard of time to malaria in a previously studied cohort of children in Ethiopia. METHODS:We model the mosquito abundance and time to malaria data jointly in a Bayesian framework. RE...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
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更新日期:2017-06-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that was firstly reported in Wuhan, China, with cases now confirmed in more than 100 countries. However, COVID-19 pneumonia with spontaneous pneumothorax is unknown. CASE PRESENTATION:We reported a case of 66-year-old man infected with COVID-19, presenting wi...
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更新日期:2020-09-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Differences in the susceptibility of Candida species to antifungal drugs make identification to the species level important for clinical management of candidemia. Molecular tests are not yet standardized or available in most clinical laboratories, although such tests can reduce the time required for species ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-467
更新日期:2013-10-07 00:00:00