Abstract:
BACKGROUND:At the end of the 1970s, in Italy more than 2% of the general population was HBsAg carrier. In the late '70s and late '80s, two remarkable events might have impacted on HBV strains transmitted in North-East Italy: (a) the increased HBV incidence due to parenteral drugs between 1978 and 1982; (b) the preventive anti-HIV educational campaign, started locally in 1985. METHODS:To address if those events impacted on circulating HBV variants, acute cases occurred in North-East Italy in 1978-79 (n = 50) and 1994-95 (n = 30) were retrospectively analysed. HBV sequences obtained from serum samples were subjected to phylogenetic analysis and search for BCP/pre-core and S mutations. RESULTS:HBV-D was the most prevalent genotype in both 1978-79 (43/50, 86%) and 1994-95 (24/30, 80.0%), with HBV-A in all but one remaining cases. Among HBV-D cases, sub-genotype HBV-D3 was the most prevalent (25/29, 86.2% in 1978-79; 13/16, 81.2% in 1994-95), with HBV-D1 and HBV-D2 in the remaining cases. All HBV-A cases were sub-genotype A2. Single and multiple BCP/pre-core mutations, responsible for HBeAg(-) hepatitis, were detected in 6/50 (12%) cases in 1978/79 vs. 12/30 (40.0%) in 1994/95 (p = 0.006). They were found exclusively in HBV-D; in the most abundant sub-genotype, HBV-D3, they were detected in 2/25 (8%) cases in 1978-79 vs. 6/13 (46%) in 1994-95 (p = 0.011). No vaccine escape S mutations were observed. The IDU risk factor was significantly more frequent in 1994-95 (8/30, 26.7%) than in 1978-79 (4/50, 8%) (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS:The above mentioned epidemiological and public health events did not affect the proportion of genotypes and sub-genotypes that remained unchanged over 16 years. In contrast, the proportion of BCP/pre-core mutants increased more than three-fold, mostly in HBV-D3, a sub-genotype highly circulating in IDUs; drug abuse likely contributed to the spread of these mutants. The findings contribute to explain a previously described major change in HBV epidemiology in Italy: the proportion of HBeAg(-) cases in the carrier cohort changed from low in late 1970s, to high at the beginning of the 2000s. In addition to other recognized factors, the increased circulation of BCP/pre-core mutants likely represents a further factor that contributed to this change.
journal_name
BMC Infect Disjournal_title
BMC infectious diseasesauthors
Bruni R,Villano U,Taffon S,Equestre M,Madonna E,Chionne P,Candido A,Dettori S,Pisani G,Rapicetta M,Bortolotti F,Ciccaglione ARdoi
10.1186/s12879-019-4713-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-28 00:00:00pages
78issue
1issn
1471-2334pii
10.1186/s12879-019-4713-9journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Benefits using the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults are controversial. This study investigated clinical effectiveness of PCV13 vaccination in preventing hospitalisation from pneumonia among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS:Population-based cohort study involving 2,025,730 indi...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3096-7
更新日期:2018-04-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Children in developing country suffer the highest burden of pneumonia. However, few studies have evaluated associations between poverty and pneumonia. METHODS:A prospective population-based study on pneumonia was carried out as part of the Latin America Epidemiological Assessment of Pneumococcus (LEAP study...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-180
更新日期:2011-06-22 00:00:00
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doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05439-z
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Respiratory viral diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infections has largely developed through multiplex molecular techniques. Although the sensitivity of different types of upper respiratory tract samples seems to be correlated to the number of sampled cells, this link remains largely unexplored. METHODS:...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1730-9
更新日期:2016-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute reduction in hemoglobin levels is frequently seen during sepsis. Previous studies have focused on the management of anemia in patients with septic shock admitted to intensive care units (ICU's), including aggressive blood transfusion aiming to enhance tissue oxygenation. AIM:To study the changes in he...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1882-7
更新日期:2016-10-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Information about improvements in the health status of population at-risk of helminth infection after anthelminthic treatment helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the large scale deworming program. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of anthelminthic treatment on the prevalence and inten...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1956-6
更新日期:2016-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nitric oxide (NO*) plays a pivotal role as a leishmanicidal agent in mouse macrophages. NO* resistant Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been associated with a severe outcome of these diseases. METHODS:In this study we evaluated the in vitro toxicity of nitric oxide for the promastigote st...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-7
更新日期:2007-02-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a food and water-borne virus causing clinical (mainly hepatitis) and subclinical disease in humans. It is important to characterize circulating strains of HAV in order to prevent HAV infections using efficacious vaccines. The aim of this study was the detection and characterization...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2667-3
更新日期:2017-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mucormycosis is a rare but devastating fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised patients such as those with hematological malignancy, bone marrow and solid organ transplantation, and patients with diabetes, and, even more rarely, immunocompetent patients. The objective of this study was to asse...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2023-z
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Device-associated health care-associated infections (DA-HAIs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients constitute a major therapeutic issue complicating the regular hospitalisation process and having influence on patients' condition, length of hospitalisation, mortality and therapy cost. METHODS:The study invo...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05482-w
更新日期:2020-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Kazakhstan remains a high-burden TB prevalence country with a concomitent high-burden of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. For this reason, we performed an in depth genetic diversity and population structure characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) genetic diversity in Kazakhstan with bo...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4201-2
更新日期:2019-06-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Monofocal necrotizing fasciitis (MONF) involves a single site in a rapidly progressing infection and necrosis of the fascia and surrounding soft tissue. Synchronous multifocal necrotizing fasciitis (SMNF), the simultaneous development of NF in multiple noncontiguous sites, is rarely reported. This study aime...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4103-3
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anisakid nematodes (Anisakis spp. or Pseudoterranova spp.) usually infect gastric or intestinal walls, while they rarely infect in extra-gastrointestinal sites of human body. Generally, Anisakis spp. larvae are highly infected in fish intermediate hosts, whereas Pseudoterranova spp. larvae are very rarely in...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3540-8
更新日期:2018-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. Myocarditis and rhabdomyolysis are rare complications of scrub typhus. CASE PRESENTATION:We report a case of scrub typhus, which was simultaneously complicated with myocarditis and rhabdomyolysis. A...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3458-1
更新日期:2018-11-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In critically ill patients the incidence of invasive fungal infections caused by Candida spp. has increased remarkably. Echinocandins are recommended as initial treatment for invasive fungal infections. The safety and efficacy of micafungin compared to caspofungin is similar, but no comparison is made betwee...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1825-3
更新日期:2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium is rising globally with resultant clinical treatment failure. We investigated the prevalence of mutations in the macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-determining regions of M. genitalium in Johannesburg, South Africa, and ascertained their association wit...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3797-6
更新日期:2019-02-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adjustment of immunosuppression is the main therapy for BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) after kidney transplantation (KT). Studies of BKPyV-specific T cell immune response are scarce. Here, we investigated BKPyV-specific T cell immunity in KT recipients diagnosed with BKPyVAN. METHO...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4615-x
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America/The American Thoracic Society (IDSA/ATS) provide recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). However, the mere presence of guidelines is rarely sufficient to promote widespread adoption and uptake. Using the ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1665-1
更新日期:2016-07-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections are a serious global and national public health problem. Earlier studies have reported increasing rates of hepatitis infection in Pakistan, particularly in rural areas. Pakistan has no active surveillance program to monitor trends of these infections. The objective of...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-43
更新日期:2008-04-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Urinary tract infection is an infection affecting infants and children. The aim of this study was to determine the etiology of urinary tract infection along with their antimicrobial resistance. METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2015 to January 2016 at Siddhi Memorial Hospital, Bhakt...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3997-0
更新日期:2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ureaplasma urealyticum is a fastidious bacteria which lacks a cell wall. Extragenital infections are rare in immunocompetent adults. There are few literature reports of perinephric abscess. We present a case of non-resolving multifocal "culture-negative" abscesses in a hypogammaglobulinemic adult female due ...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-4771-z
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The most optimal antifungal agent for empiric treatment of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in febrile neutropenia is controversial. Our objective was evaluate the relative efficacy of antifungals for all-cause mortality, fungal infection-related mortality and treatment response in this population. METHODS:P...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2263-6
更新日期:2017-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Candida parapsilosis was the most common species causing candidemia in the 2010 China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) database. Compared to Candida albicans, the description of azole resistance and mechanisms in C. parapsilosis is very limited. We report a patient with C. parapsilosis ca...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1086-6
更新日期:2015-08-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The preferred regimen for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is based mainly on safety and tolerability because it is given to immunocompetent people without HIV infection for a limited time (28 days). The frequency of adverse events (AEs) may be > 60%. Although AEs are generally not severe, they can lead t...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2056-3
更新日期:2016-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2007, Park et al. identified a novel serotype among Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 6 which they named serotype 6C. The aim of this study was to evaluate with the Neufeld test a novel S. pneumoniae serotype 6C type specific polyclonal antiserum. In addition, serotype 6C isolates found in Denmark in 200...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-282
更新日期:2010-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacterial infections are the most frequent complications in patients with malignancy, and the epidemiology of nosocomial infections among cancer patients has changed over time. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics, antibiotic resistance patterns, and prognosis of nosocomial infections due to mult...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05181-6
更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease, including end-stage renal disease, has been identified as a possible risk factor for primary septicemia and wound infection by Vibrio vulnificus. However, cases of severe septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis, and peritonitis caused by V. vulnificus in patients undergoing continuous ambul...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1163-x
更新日期:2015-10-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Staphylococcus aureus strains are now regarded as zoonotic agents. In pastoral settings where human-animal interaction is intimate, multi-drug resistant microorganisms have become an emerging zoonotic issue of public health concern. The study of S. aureus prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and clonal linea...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2524-4
更新日期:2017-06-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although breast-feeding accounts for 15-20% of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, it is not prohibited in some developing countries because of the higher mortality associated with not breast-feeding. We assessed the potential impact, on HIV infection and infant mortality, of a recommendation for sho...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-66
更新日期:2008-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Temporary increases in plasma HIV RNA ('blips') are common in HIV patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Blips above 500 copies/mL have been associated with subsequent viral rebound. It is not clear if this relationship still holds when measurements are made using newer more sensitive assays....
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1120-8
更新日期:2015-09-21 00:00:00