Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a food and water-borne virus causing clinical (mainly hepatitis) and subclinical disease in humans. It is important to characterize circulating strains of HAV in order to prevent HAV infections using efficacious vaccines. The aim of this study was the detection and characterization of the circulating strains of HAV in Turkey by performing serology, RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. METHODS:In this study, 355 HAV suspected cases were analysed by ELISA for the presence of antibodies to HAV. RNA was extracted from 54 HAV IgM positive human sera. None of the suspect cases were vaccinated against HAV and they never received blood transfusions. Samples found positive by RT-PCR using primers targeting the VP1/VP2A junction and VP1/VP3 capsid region of HAV, were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. RESULTS:IgM type antibodies to HAV were detected in 54 patients. Twenty one of them were students. The age of IgM positive cases was between 3 and 60 years. IgM positivity differed in age groups and was higher in the age group 3 to 10 years. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the majority of HAV strains detected in this study belong to the "HAV 1B" cluster. In addition, the HAV sub-genotypes IA (KT874461.1) and IIIA (KT222963.1) were found in 2 children. These sub-genotypes were not previously reported in Turkey. The child who carried sub-genotype IIIA travelled to Afghanistan and presented with abdominal pain, icterus and vomitus. He was positive for anti-HAV IgM and IgG but negative for hepatitis B and C. Liver enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase were severely elevated. Bilirubin levels were also increased. White blood cells, neutrophils and hemoglobin were decreased while lymphocytes and monocytes were increased. Similar clinical signs and laboratory findings were reported for the child infected with sub-genotype IA but aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were not severely elevated. CONCLUSIONS:The results indicate that molecular studies determining the HAV genotype variation in Turkey are timely and warranted. The majority of IgM positive cases in 3-10 year old patients indicate that childhood vaccination is important. Sub-genotype IB is the most prevalant genotype in Turkey. Surprisingly, sub-genotype IA and IIIA are also present in Turkey; future diagnostic efforts need to include diagnostic methods which can identify this emerging HAV genotypes. Our results also show that one important risk factor for contracting hepatitis A virus is international travel since genotype IIIA was detected in a child who had travelled to Afghanistan.
journal_name
BMC Infect Disjournal_title
BMC infectious diseasesauthors
Yilmaz H,Karakullukcu A,Turan N,Cizmecigil UY,Yilmaz A,Ozkul AA,Aydin O,Gunduz A,Mete M,Zeyrek FY,Kirazoglu TT,Richt JA,Kocazeybek Bdoi
10.1186/s12879-017-2667-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-11 00:00:00pages
561issue
1issn
1471-2334pii
10.1186/s12879-017-2667-3journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Delayed diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) results in severe disease and a higher mortality. It also leads to an increased period of infectivity in the community. The objective of this study was to determine the length of delays, and analyze the factors affecting the delay from onset of symptoms of...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-112
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abstract:BACKGROUND:A reliable prediction of the causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not possible based on clinical features. Our aim was to test, whether the measurement of the expression of complement receptors or Fcgamma receptors on neutrophils and monocytes would be a useful preliminary test to differe...
journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, globally, many people living with HIV die from non-AIDS related illnesses including liver diseases which occur partly due to co-infection with HBV and or HCV. The aim of this study was to determine the...
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journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-08-26 00:00:00
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更新日期:2016-07-22 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract:BACKGROUND:The rapid identification of acid-fast bacilli recovered from patient specimens as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is critically important for accurate diagnosis and treatment. A thin-layer immunochromatographic (TLC) assay using anti-MPB64 or anti-MPT64 monoclonal antibodies was developed to discrim...
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更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC infectious diseases
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更新日期:2015-12-03 00:00:00
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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