Abstract:
:In human diffuse axonal injury (DAI), axons are exposed to transient tensile strain. Over the ensuing several hours, injured axons enter a "pathological cascade" of events that lead to secondary axotomy. Use of animal models of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) has allowed description of a number of pathological changes before axotomy occurs, including structural and functional changes in the axolemma, disorientation, and/or loss of microtubules, either compaction and/or dispersion of neurofilaments together with focal compaction at sites where continuity of the axolemma is lost. Recent literature suggests that use of hypothermia may improve behavioral outcomes or reduce the number/density of injured axons in which axonal transport is altered after TAI. But there is presently no ultrastructural, pathological explanation as to how hypothermia may act at the level of the axon to reduce posttraumatic loss of axoplasmic transport. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that posttraumatic hypothermia may ameliorate (a) alteration of axonal transport and (b) early pathological changes in the axonal cytoskeleton prior to secondary axotomy. We have undertaken a pilot study within 4 h of stretch injury to adult guinea pig optic nerve axons as a model of TAI and applied stereological techniques to assess differences in pathology in animals either maintained at 37.5 degrees C or cooled to 32-32.5 degrees C for 2 or 4 h after injury. We provide quantitative evidence that posttraumatic hypothermia significantly reduces the number of axons labelled for beta-APP, a marker for disruption of fast axonal transport, and reduces the loss of microtubules and compaction of neurofilaments, which occurs in normothermic animals over the first 4 h after injury.
journal_name
J Neurotraumajournal_title
Journal of neurotraumaauthors
Maxwell WL,Donnelly S,Sun X,Fenton T,Puri N,Graham DIdoi
10.1089/neu.1999.16.1225subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-01 00:00:00pages
1225-34issue
12eissn
0897-7151issn
1557-9042journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The optimum spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is unknown. Here, we describe techniques to compute and display the optimum SCPP in real time. We recruited adults within 72 h of severe TSCI (American Spinal Injuries Association [ASIA] grades A-C). A pressure probe and a micr...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2017.4982
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic insults to the brain in stroke or traumatic brain injury produce excessive release of glutamate from depolarized nerve terminals. This excessive glutamate release in turn stimulates massive calcium entry into nerve cells, activating a biochemical cascade that results in cell death. A major pathway of calcium ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates massive disturbances in Ca2+ concentrations in the brain that may contribute to neuronal damage. Intracellular Ca2+ may be elevated via influx through voltage-operated cation channels, ligand-gated ionotropic channels, and store-operated cation channels (SOCs). In th...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2000.17.83
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1694
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injured neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) do not normally regenerate their axons after injury. Neurotrauma to the CNS usually results in axonal damage and subsequent loss of communication between neuronal networks, causing long-term functional deficits. For CNS regeneration, repair strategies need ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2006.23.468
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is associated with poorer recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet awareness of depression risk post-TBI among providers and patients is low. The aim of this study was to estimate risk of depression post-TBI among adults 18 years of age and older and to identify risk factors associated with developi...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5608
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is a commonly used concussion assessment tool. Recent studies have questioned the stability and reliability of baseline BESS scores. The purpose of this longitudinal prospective cohort study is to examine differences in yearly baseline BESS scores in athletes participating on an...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5072
更新日期:2018-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1255
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6100
更新日期:2019-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2063
更新日期:2012-06-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1997.14.211
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1999.16.153
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging may be an important factor affecting brain injury by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In the present study, we investigated the responses of glial cells and monocytes to intracerebral hemorrhage in normal and aged rats. ICH was induced by microinjecting autologous whole blood (15 microL) into the striatum of youn...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0630
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceived injustice is a belief that one has been treated unfairly and disrespectfully, and is suffering unnecessarily as a result of another person's actions. Perceived injustice predicts chronic disability after musculoskeletal injury but to our knowledge has not been empirically studied in people with mild traumati...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5402
更新日期:2018-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Central nervous system injuries such as focal brain ischemia and trauma are known to initiate inflammatory reactions. To demonstrate the involvement of adhesion molecules in these inflammatory responses, we have observed significant increases of ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 mRNA expression in the ischemic cortex of rats by means...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.1995.12.825
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous meta-analyses of methylprednisolone (MPS) for patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCIs) have not addressed confidence in the quality of evidence used for pooled effect estimates, and new primary studies have been recently published. We aimed to determine whether MPS improves motor recovery an...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4192
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Posttraumatic ischemia appears to be largely responsible for the extension of lesions in acute injury of the spinal cord. In the present study, we have evaluated the putative improvement of axonal function by the calcium channel blocker nimodipine after acute trauma of the spinal cord. Three techniques were used: (1) ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1993.10.201
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraspinal injections of lysolecithin were used to produce unilateral demyelination in the dorsal columns of the rat spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of demyelination on the conductive properties of axons belonging to a spinal pathway of known origin and site of termination. At 5 and...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1992.9.231
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2005.22.544
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A better understanding of long-term functional recovery process for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) facilitates effective rehabilitations. The aim of this study was to classify and characterize patients with moderate-to-severe TBI based on their functional trajectories up to 5 years post-injury. The study i...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5299
更新日期:2018-07-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2696
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771501750170958
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microdialysis sampling was used to characterize the release of norepinephrine and serotonin upon impact injury to the rat spinal cord. Increases in extracellular norepinephrine concentrations in response to injury were small and of short duration. In contrast, serotonin concentrations quickly rose 35-90 times followin...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1990.7.219
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of flunarizine and methylprednisolone on the recovery of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) was evaluated in an experimental model of spinal cord impact injury in anesthetized cats. In addition, the effect of flunarizine on posttraumatic spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (using the hydrogen clearance techni...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1993.10.25
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper encompasses the prediction of early and late recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Predictors of the duration of coma and the utilization of posttraumatic amnesia duration to predict residual memory function are discussed. The issues surrounding prediction of long-term neurobehavioral recovery from TB...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.1995.12.913
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in varying degrees of disability in a significant number of persons annually. The mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction after TBI have been explored in both animal models and human clinical studies for decades. Dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic dysfunction has been descri...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3445
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of pelvic visceral inputs to neurons in the rostral medulla that are responsive to electrical stimulation of the abdominal branches of the vagus nerve (VAG-abd) was investigated in a complete chronic T8 spinal transection rat model. Using extracellular electrophysiological recordings from single medullary...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2007.0276
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trials aimed at developing therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI) require outcome measures that are reliable, validated, and easily administered. The most widely used of these measures, the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and the GOS-Extended (GOS-E), have been criticized as suffering from ceiling effects. In...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2005.22.1319
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to assess the effect of spinal cord injury on neurobehavioral, electrophysiological, structural, and biochemical changes in normal and diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley male rats (weighing 250-280 g) with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg i.p.). Eight weeks after the tre...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1998.15.239
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00