Abstract：
:Two-photon laser scan microscopy carries many advantages for work on brain slices and bulk tissue. However, it has very low signal levels compared to conventional fluorescence microscopy. This is disadvantageous in fast imaging applications when photon shot noise is limiting. Working on brain slices with excitation powers of 8-10 mW at the specimen plane, the resting signal from cerebellar Purkinje cell somas loaded with 10 microM Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 averaged 4 detected photons/micros; axons of interneurons loaded with 200 microM of this indicator yielded about 1 photon/micros. To obtain satisfactory images at high time resolution, long pixel dwell times are required and data collection should be restricted to as few pixels as necessary. Furthermore, a large proportion of total measurement time (duty cycle) should be available for data collection. We therefore developed a method for scanning small regions of interest with line repetition rates two to four times higher than conventional ones and a duty cycle of 70%. We also compared the performance of several photodetectors and found the optimum choice to depend strongly on the photon flux during a given application. For fluxes smaller than 5 photons/micros, the photon counting avalanche photodiode shows the best signal to noise ratio. At larger fluxes, photomultipliers or intensified photodiodes are superior.
journal_name
J Neurosci Methodsjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience methodsauthors
Tan YP,Llano I,Hopt A,Würriehausen F,Neher Edoi
10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00103-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-15 00:00:00pages
123-35issue
1-2eissn
0165-0270issn
1872-678Xpii
S0165-0270(99)00103-Xjournal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:To establish a novel rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) complicated with prior venous stagnation, and to investigate the role of cerebral venous drainage in neural injury after acute cerebral infarction. NEW METHOD:Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and j...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.01.016
更新日期：2019-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Technical challenges to record cortical unit spikes in conscious behavior monkeys have been presenting constraints in the investigation of cortical control of lower limb. Here we report a novel experimental system for investigation of correlation between cortical neuronal signals and standing and squatting movement. T...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.06.027
更新日期：2010-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A method by which muscles, nerves, and a section of spinal cord from a turtle can be stably maintained in vitro for many days has been developed. Tests of the viability of central and neuromuscular synapses, and the histochemical properties of muscle fibers have indicated that the preparation is viable and shows littl...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(89)90029-0
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conventional studies of neuronal mitochondria have been limited to the use of purified preparations of isolated mitochondria, neural cell homogenates, living neurons, or brain slices. However, each technique has several drawbacks. Here, we demonstrate that the neuronal cell's membrane can be effectively permeabilized ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.02.027
更新日期：2004-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a visual assay of neuronal electrophysiologic status for use with cultured neurons, based on the exclusion of propidium iodide (PI) by intact cellular membranes. We use this fluorescent dye, which binds to nucleic acids, at concentrations suitable for long-term exposure to neurons without toxicity. We corr...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(90)90007-3
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electroporation creates transient pores in the plasma membrane to introduce macromolecules within a cell or cell population. Generally, electrical pulses are delivered between two electrodes separated from each other, making electroporation less likely to be localised. We have developed a new device combining local pr...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.10.021
更新日期：2009-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tree shrews are proposed as an alternative animal model to nonhuman primates due to their close affinity to primates. Neuroimaging techniques are widely used to study brain functions and structures of humans and animals. However, tree shrews are rarely applied in neuroimaging field partly due to the lack of ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.09.006
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Slice cultures on biomembrane are the method of choice for studying Ca2+-dependent plastic changes occurring over several days to weeks. Using IR-differential interference contrast, good visualization of neurons in biomembrane slice cultures has been achieved despite a negative optical effect of the biomembrane, but e...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(03)00148-1
更新日期：2003-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia and astrocytes play vital roles in normal human brain function and in neurological disorders. To study their physiological and pathological roles it is desirable to establish in vitro systems that are derived from the adult human brain. Although several groups have successfully cultured cells from the human ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.07.005
更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The most interesting property of neurons is their long-distance propagation of signals as spiking action potentials. Since 1993, Neurobasal/B27 has been used as a serum-free medium optimized for hippocampal neuron survival. Neurons on microelectrode arrays (MEA) were used as an assay system to increase spontaneous spi...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.01.009
更新日期：2008-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study evaluated high-speed chronoamperometry as a method for measuring the clearance of serotonin (5-HT) from extracellular space in vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized and a Nafion-coated, carbon fiber electrode, attached to a multibarrel pipette, was lowered into the subgranular layer of th...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(97)00144-1
更新日期：1997-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:RNA from brain tissue (in particular human brain) can often only be extracted from fixed material. As brain tissue is very heterogeneous with regard to cell type, it is important to obtain RNA from small samples of identified cells. The aim of this study was (a) to generate expression profiles from small yet homogeneo...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.08.010
更新日期：2003-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study the accumulation of protease resistant prion protein (PrPres) in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells (ScN2a cells) was shown to be dependent on culture conditions. The highest levels of PrPres were found in slow growing cells. Further increases in PrPres accumulation were observed in ScN2a cells ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.04.001
更新日期：2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In clinical practice, small myelinated sensory fibers, Aδ-fibers, conveying mainly pain and temperature sensations, cannot be examined with available nerve conduction study techniques. Currently, these fibers can only be examined with experimental or very specialized and not commonly available nerve conducti...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109045
更新日期：2020-12-24 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to improve cell therapy techniques, we have characterized a multipotent neural precursor cell isolation technique from the subventricular zone of adult pig brain. The pig is a non-primate species that is immunologically closest to human. The proliferative zone of this neurogenic structure was first localized ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.008
更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Background muscle activity (BGR) exerts a strong influence on stretch reflex amplitudes. While it is considered important to correct for this influence, which method best able to eliminate the effects of BGR remains unknown. We have therefore compared one previously described and one novel correction method which resp...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(93)90152-h
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibits symptoms of motor dysfunction such as tremor, akinesia and rigidity. Agents that selectively disrupt or destroy catecholaminergic systems, such as reserpine, methamphetamine, 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, have been used to develop PD models and to...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.12.019
更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a client-server application for the distributed multivariate analysis of time series using standard PCs. We here concentrate on analyses of multichannel EEG/MEG data, but our method can easily be adapted to other time series. Due to the rapid development of new analysis techniques, the focus in the design o...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.09.002
更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The terminal branches of motoneurons can be excited by electrical current pulses delivered via needles inserted intramuscularly. Observations are reported which indicate that tungsten semi-microelectrodes suitably positioned in a muscle belly can excite antidromically a large proportion of the alpha-motoneurons of tha...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(83)90053-5
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurements of neurotransmitters in conscious animals have been restrictive in real-time. The use of specific enzymes within an amperometric probe, based upon a microdialysis membrane, may overcome some of these problems. I report the use of such a probe, with different perfusions of enzymes, to allow real-time measu...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0270(96)02175-9
更新日期：1997-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, is a commonly used injectable anaesthetic agent. In the present study, ketamine- and isoflurane-induced anaesthesias were tested to identify the influence of different anaesthesia methods in conjunction with the unilateral quinolinic acid-induced exci...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.01.033
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abstract：:This report describes technical adaptations of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) model-largely inspired by Marmarou-in order to monitor microdialysis data and PtiO2 (brain tissue oxygen) before, during and after injury. We particularly focalize on our model requirements which allows us to re-create some drastic pathologi...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.04.037
更新日期：2004-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The brain is a complex neural network with interleaving functional connectivity among anatomical regions. However, current functional parcellation algorithms usually emphasize independence or orthogonality between the spatial components, with the interleaving nature underrepresented. This study investigates a method, ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.05.001
更新日期：2011-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed a system for quantitatively measuring arm movement. Our approach provides a method to simultaneously capture upper limb kinetic and kinematic data during assisted passive arm movements. Data are analysed with respect to Cartesian and upper limb coordinate systems to obtain upper limb joint angles and torq...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.03.004
更新日期：2011-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:MPScope is a software suite to control and analyze data from custom-built multiphoton laser scanning fluorescence microscopes. The acquisition program MPScan acquires, displays and stores movies, linescans, image stacks or arbitrary regions from up to four imaging channels and up to two analog inputs, while plotting t...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.03.001
更新日期：2006-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sholl analysis has been used to analyze neuronal morphometry and dendritic branching and complexity for many years. While the process has become semi-automated in recent years, existing software packages are still dependent on user tracing and hence are subject to observer bias, variability, and increased us...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108529
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal microcircuits are formed of a myriad of spatially and functionally specific cell classes. Despite the importance of the spatial component in the characterisation of neural circuits, it has not received the attention it deserves. While multi-electrodes are widely used in the study of microcircuits, the spatial...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.05.037
更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have recently reported that in the learned helplessness model of depression, the less hippocampal spine synapses rats have, the more helpless they become. It remains unclear, however, whether the observed synaptic changes are associated with the loss of CA1 pyramidal cells. Cell bodies in the CA1 pyramidal layer ar...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.12.017
更新日期：2012-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A new apparatus has been developed that integrates an animal restrainer arrangement for small animals with an actively tunable/detunable dual radio-frequency (RF) coil system for in vivo anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging of small animals at 4.7 T. The radio-frequency coil features an eight-element m...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.08.017
更新日期：2004-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a much simplified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the measurement of caffeine in plasma and brain. A particularly attractive feature of this method is that a simple methanol/water (60:40) mobile phase can be used both for plasma and brain samples. In addition, the method is compati...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0270(94)90139-2
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
