Abstract:
:In order to dissect the MHC class I H-2K gene regulatory sequences, we p reviously generated transgenic mice containing various H-2K/lacZ fusion genes. However contrary to transgenes where H-2K sequences were fused to other coding sequences, none of the lacZ fusion transgenes was widely ex pressed like H-2K gene. We now show that this silencing also occurs when lacZ is inserted into a larger H-2K genomic construct including promoter and other regulatory elements. Because the 5'H-2K region contains a CpG island, we suspected that the presence of lacZ coding sequences was inte rfering with the mechanism by which the H-2K promoter region is normally unmethylated and transcriptionally active. Indeed, we show that in high ( >10) copy number transgenic mice, insertion of lacZ sequences in the v icinity of the H-2K promoter results in partial or complete methylation of the H-2K CpG island. However, in low (1-3) copy number transgenic mic e no methylation was observed but the transgene was still silent, sugges ting that the silencing effect of lacZ does not only rely on abnormal CpG methylation. Intriguingly, when the H -2/lacZ construct was introduced via embryonic stem (ES) cells, regulate d transgene expression was observed in several chimaeric embryos derived from independent ES clones, but never in adult chimeras. Combined with t he fact that, despite much effort, it has been very difficult to generat e 'blue' mice, our results highlight the transcription-silencing effect of lacZ sequences when they are associated with regulatory sequences of ubiquitously expressed genes.
journal_name
Mech Devjournal_title
Mechanisms of developmentauthors
Cohen-Tannoudji M,Vandormael-Pournin S,Drezen J,Mercier P,Babinet C,Morello Ddoi
10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00226-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
29-39issue
1eissn
0925-4773issn
1872-6356pii
S0925477399002269journal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We identified MRG-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans chromodomain-containing protein that is similar to the human mortality factor-related gene 15 product (MRG15). RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) of mrg-1 resulted in complete absence of the germline in both hermaphrodite and male adults. Examination of the expression of PGL...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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abstract::Exogenously applied retinoic acid given at the early stages of gastrulation causes abnormal development of the caudal midbrain and anterior hindbrain in vertebrate embryos. We describe the limits of the brain regions that are affected using neuroanatomical criteria in the zebrafish embryo. Analysis of the reticulospin...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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doi:10.1016/0925-4773(94)00321-d
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abstract::In the Drosophila embryo, a subset of muscles require expression and function of the RYK subfamily RTK gene derailed (drl) for correct attachment. We have isolated a second RYK homolog, doughnut (dnt), from Drosophila. The DNT protein exhibits 60% amino acid identity to DRL, and is structurally as similar to the mamma...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00167-1
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hair cell (HC) and supporting cell (SC) productions are completed during early embryonic development of the mammalian cochlea. This study shows that acutely dissociated cells from the newborn rat organ of Corti, developed into so-called otospheres consisting of 98% nestin (+) cells when plated on a non-adherent substr...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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abstract::We analyse the role of the empty spiracles (ems) gene in embryonic brain and ventral nerve cord development. ems is differentially expressed in the neurectoderm of the anterior head versus the trunk region of early embryos. A distal enhancer region drives expression in the deutocerebral brain anlage and a proximal enh...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood vessel maturation, which is characterized by the investment of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) around developing blood vessels, begins when vessels remodel into a hierarchy of proximal arteries and proximal veins that branch into smaller distal capillaries. The ultimate result of maturation is formation of ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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abstract::Tetrapod fore-and hindlimbs have evolved from the pectoral and pelvic fins of an ancient vertebrate ancestor. In this ancestor, the pectoral fin appears to have arisen following the rostral homeotic recapitulation of an existing pelvic appendage (Tabin and Laufer (1993), Nature 361, 692-693). Thus the basic appendage ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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abstract::Six genes are vertebrate homologues of the homeobox-containing gene sine oculis, which plays an essential role in controlling Drosophila compound eye development. Here we report the identification and expression patterns of all three subfamilies of Xenopus Six genes. Two Six2 subfamily genes (Six1, Six2) showed very s...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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abstract::The effects of signal perturbation on expression domains of molecular markers for the mesoderm and ectoderm have been analysed across the dorso-ventral axis in zebrafish embryos. Injection of RNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) ventralised the embryo, expanding the intermediate mesoderm and non-neural ec...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Compelling evidence from in vivo model systems within the past decade shows that the APP family of proteins is important for synaptic development and function in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The synaptic role promises to be complex and multifaceted for several reasons. The three family members have over...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2012.11.001
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear translocation, driven by the motility apparatus consisting of the cytoplasmic dynein motor and microtubules, is essential for cell migration during embryonic development. Bicaudal-D (Bic-D), an evolutionarily conserved dynein-interacting protein, is required for developmental control of nuclear migration in Dr...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2004.08.005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes are associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). As angiotensin (Ang) II, the principal effector peptide growth factor of the RAS, stimulates ureteric bud (UB) branching in whole intact embryonic (E) metanephroi, defects in UB morph...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2011.07.002
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously showed that otx2 activates ectopic formation of the Xenopus cement gland only in ventrolateral ectoderm, defining a region of the embryo permissive for cement gland formation. In this paper, we explore the molecular identity of this permissive area. One candidate permissive factor is BMP4, whose putative...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00342-1
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the mammary gland Bcl-x is the most abundant cell survival factor from the Bcl-2 family. Since Bcl-x null mice die around day 12 of embryogenesis, the relevance of this protein in organ development and function is poorly understood. In erythroid cells bcl-x gene expression is controlled by cytokines and the transcr...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00549-4
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::NK-2 class homeobox genes are candidate patterning and lineage regulators in diverse organisms. We report here the embryonic expression pattern of murine member, Nkx2-6. In keeping with its vertebrate relatives, Nkx2-6 was transcribed in ventrolateral embryonic structures. Expression was first detected at E8.0 in endo...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00037-9
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00131-x
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that aberrantly expressed gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and its receptor (GRP-R) critically regulate tumor cell differentiation in colon cancers developing in humans and mice. This finding suggested that the ability of GRP/GRP-R to promote a well-differentiated phenotype in colon cancer mig...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2004.01.004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2014.12.005
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2013.01.002
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::ADAM19 is a member of the meltrin subfamily of ADAM metalloproteases. In Xenopus, ADAM19 is present as a maternal transcript. Zygotic expression starts during gastrulation and is apparent in the dorsal blastopore lip. ADAM19 expression through neurulation and tailbud formation becomes enriched in dorsal structures suc...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2008.10.010
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the origin and nature of the signals responsible for specification of the dermatomal lineage, excised axial organs in 2-day-old chick embryos were replaced by grafts of the dorsal neural tube, or the ventral neural tube plus the notochord, or aggregates of cells engineered to produce Sonic hedgehog (Shh...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00540-2
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated and characterized two complete cDNA clones, Zfz8a and Zfz8b, which encode zebrafish Frizzled (Fz) homologues. The predicted protein sequences, spanning 579 and 576 amino acid residues for ZFz8a and ZFz8b, respectively, were highly homologous (78%) to each other and contained an extracellular cysteine-...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00