Abstract:
:To assess whether there is increased risk of tuberculous infection in children who traveled to or had a household visitor from a country having a high prevalence of tuberculosis, we conducted a case-control study. Children younger than 6 yr of age who had a tuberculin skin test read at public health clinics in areas of California that have a high prevalence of tuberculosis were enrolled. Of the 953 children who had a skin test read, 72 (7.6%) had a positive reaction. By multiple logistic regression analysis, children who had traveled in the 12 mo before the skin test were 3.9 times more likely to have a positive skin test than were children who had not traveled (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 7.9). Among children born in the United States, those who had traveled were 4.7 times more likely to have a positive skin test (95% CI, 2.0 to 11.2). Children who had a household visitor from a country having a high prevalence of tuberculosis were 2.4 times more likely to have a positive skin test than were those who did not have a visitor (95% CI, 1.0 to 5.5). These data indicate that travel to a country that has a high prevalence of tuberculosis or having a visitor from such countries increase the risk of tuberculous infection among young children. Physicians and tuberculosis control programs should incorporate questions about travel and visitors into their evaluations, and children with a history of extended travel should have a tuberculin skin test.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Lobato MN,Hopewell PCdoi
10.1164/ajrccm.158.6.9804106subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-01 00:00:00pages
1871-5issue
6eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
158pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Leukotrienes have been implicated in the bronchoconstriction caused by indirect stimuli. In the present study we examined the effect of oral ABT-761, a novel 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, on exercise- and adenosine (AMP)-induced bronchoconstriction in nine asthmatics. At the four 1-d, single-dose treatment periods,...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.3.9117020
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The involvement of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in bronchial asthma has been controversial. To determine whether PAF is involved in BHR in humans, we carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-phase cross-over study on the effects of Y-24180, a potent, sp...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.4.7551370
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Improved ventilation strategies have been the mainstay for reducing mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Their unique clinical effectiveness is, however, unmatched by our understanding of the underlying mechanobiology, and their impact on alveolar dynamics and gas exchange remains largely specula...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201505-0901OC
更新日期:2016-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical ventilation may promote overdistension-induced pulmonary lesions in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The static pressure-volume (P-V) curve of the respiratory system can be used to determine the lung volume and corresponding static airway pressure at which lung compliance begins to ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599810
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Lack of health insurance maybe an independent risk factor for mortality and differential treatment in critical illness. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether uninsured critically ill patients had differences in 30-day mortality and critical care service use compared with those with private insurance and to determi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.201101-0089OC
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-associated angiogenesis is important for tumor growth and metastasis. Interleukin (IL)-8 was recently reported to be an important angiogenic factor both in vitro and in vivo. In this study we evaluated, for the first time, IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), using real-tim...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.2002108
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine whether diffuse pleural thickening (DPT) causes impairment of pulmonary function independent of other manifestations of asbestos-related disease, we studied individuals selected from 1,150 men with occupational asbestos exposure who had undergone pulmonary function testing and computed tomographic (CT) scan...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810620
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The effects of prenatal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and hypoxemia on cardiorespiratory control have been investigated in full-term infants. However, few data are available in preterm infants, who form a particularly vulnerable population, with developmentally immature cardiorespiratory control. OBJECTIVES:...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200803-432OC
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current evidence suggests that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may have augmented pharyngeal dilator muscle activity during wakefulness, to compensate for deficient anatomy. However, the isolated effect of sleep on the activity of these muscles (comparing OSA patients with controls) has not been studied. W...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.6.8665050
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitive measures of lung function applicable to young subjects are needed to detect early cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Forty children with CF aged 2 to 5 years and 37 age-matched healthy control subjects performed multiple-breath inert gas washout, plethysmography, and spirometry. Thirty children in each group...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200407-895OC
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this prospective study was to determine factors influencing effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on the pulmonary circulation and on gas exchange in critically ill patients with acute lung injury. Twenty-one hypoxemic patients with acute respiratory failure (PaO2 = 127 +/- 69 mm Hg during intermittent posit...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599840
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The around-the-clock presence of an in-house attending critical care physician (24/7 coverage) is purported to be associated with improved outcomes among high-risk children with critical illness. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the association of 24/7 in-house coverage with outcomes in children with critical illness....
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.201512-2456OC
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although skeletal muscle abnormalities have been described in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the effects of HIV infection on respiratory muscle function have not been well characterized. We hypothesized that HIV+ individuals may develop respiratory muscle weakness and that respiratory muscle dysf...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.3.9116990
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a model system in which to evaluate the antigen-stimulated, cell-mediated, immune response that leads to granulomatous lung disease. We hypothesized that beryllium salts would stimulate bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lnt...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.6.9610040
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) and traffic-related air pollutants are associated with asthma and allergy. Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and SHS can interact with allergens in exacerbating allergic airway diseases through generation of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) metabolize rea...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200509-1424OC
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite aggressive therapy. Thirty-eight patients with biopsy-proven IPF were studied to identify pretreatment features that could be used to predict short-term improvement in pulmonary function and improved longer term survival...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.4.9703022
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The development of tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity following infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not invariable and may depend on bacillary as well as host factors. OBJECTIVES:First, to compare the diagnostic performance of the TST and a form of in vitro IFN-gamma release assay (IFNGRA) in the c...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200509-1526OC
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::While signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 6 (STAT6) is important in interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced commitment of CD4(+) T cells to the T helper cell, type 2 (Th2) phenotype and IgE isotype switching in B cells, its role in other IL-4-mediated events and their impact upon the allergic response is les...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.4.9809065
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:There is growing evidence that alveolar cell apoptosis plays an important role in emphysema pathogenesis, a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by alveolar destruction. The association of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency with the development of emphysema has supported the concept that protease/antipr...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200512-1842OC
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Right ventricular (RV) adaptation to acute and chronic pulmonary hypertensive syndromes is a significant determinant of short- and long-term outcomes. Although remarkable progress has been made in the understanding of RV function and failure since the meeting of the NIH Working Group on Cellular and Molecula...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201806-1160ST
更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Airway pathology has been extensively investigated in adulthood asthma, whereas only few studies examined bronchial biopsies in childhood asthma. To evaluate the airway pathology in children with asthma, we analyzed bronchial biopsies obtained from 23 children undergoing bronchoscopy for clinical indications other tha...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200305-650OC
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a treatable sleep disorder that is associated with alterations in glucose metabolism in individuals without diabetes, is a highly prevalent comorbidity of type 2 diabetes. However, it is not known whether the severity of OSA is a predictor of glycemic control in patients with di...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200909-1423OC
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Infection with Pneumocystis, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, can result in fulminant pneumonia in the clinical setting of patients with immunosuppression. In murine models, Pneumocystis has previously been shown to induce a CD4+ T cell-dependent eosinophilic response in the lung capable of providing protect...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201511-2205OC
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The effect of early life wheezing on respiratory function and continued symptoms through adolescence has not been fully described. Using data from a population-based birth cohort in Tucson, Arizona, we previously described four phenotypes based on the occurrence of wheezing lower respiratory illnesses before ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200504-525OC
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate the apparent contradictions in vascular remodeling in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, we evaluated alveolar vascularity in relation to the various degrees of fibrosis in surgically biopsied lungs of usual interstitial pneumonia. Alveolar capillary endothelial cells were intensely...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200308-1111OC
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophil infiltration is a major feature in the pathogenesis of the common cold, and respiratory viral infection is the major cause of asthma exacerbations. The factors regulating the neutrophil influx are unknown. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, which has been implicated in several infl...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.4.9105080
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of childhood lower respiratory infection, yet viable therapies are lacking. Two major challenges have stalled antiviral development: ethical difficulties in performing pediatric proof-of-concept studies and the prevailing concept that the disease is immun...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201002-0221OC
更新日期:2010-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Density-based morphometric studies have demonstrated decreased capillary density in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and in BPD-like animal models, leading to the prevailing view that microvascular development is disrupted in BPD. OBJECTIVE:To perform a comprehensive analysis of the early and la...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200506-927OC
更新日期:2006-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In mechanically ventilated neonates, the instrumental dead space is a major determinant of total minute ventilation. By flushing this dead space, continuous tracheal gas insufflation (CTGI) may allow reduction of the risk of overinflation. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of CTGI in reducing ai...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9910063
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma and chronic bronchitis are inflammatory diseases with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and collagen deposition. Collagen homeostasis is controlled by metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We evaluated MMP and TIMP balance in induced sputum of 10 control, 31 untreate...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.6.9803014
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00