Abstract：
:The phase of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is subject to adaptive control. We had previously found that adapting the phase of the VOR also produced changes in drift on eccentric gaze-holding, implying a change in the time constant of the velocity-to-position neural integrator. Here we attempted to dissociate changes in gaze-holding drift from changes in the phase of the VOR. In normal human subjects, for 2 h, we alternated 5 min of VOR phase adaptation (sinusoids, 0.2 Hz) with 5 min of making saccades in the light with the head stationary. Afterwards, changes in VOR phase were the same (32% of requested) as those obtained with 1 h of phase adaptation alone, but changes in drift following saccades were much smaller than those found after phase adaptation alone (0.8 degrees/s compared with 5 degrees/s). When measuring drift after VOR steps, however, the changes were closer to those found after phase adaptation alone (3.8 degrees/s). To test the relationship between gaze-holding drift after VOR steps and adaptive changes in VOR phase, we alternated sinusoidal VOR phase adaptation with normal VOR steps in the light. In this paradigm, the adaptive change in VOR phase was about the same as with phase-adaptation alone (35%), but there was now little drift after saccades (1.9 degrees/s) or after VOR steps (0.7 degrees/s). We conclude that the state of the velocity-to-position neural integrator can be altered selectively and rapidly depending upon the task required. Such context-specific adaptation is advantageous, because it allows adjustment of the phase of the VOR without degrading the ability to hold eccentric fixation.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Kramer PD,Shelhamer M,Peng GC,Zee DSdoi
10.1007/s002210050392subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-05-01 00:00:00pages
184-92issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
120pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：:The gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of intact pigmented rats was adaptively modified by training protocols that created a visual-vestibular conflict. For training, head restrained animals were oscillated on a turntable in front of an optokinetic pattern projected onto a cylindrical wall. The optokinetic patt...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230530
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A growing number of studies investigated anisotropies in representations of horizontal and vertical spaces. In humans, compelling evidence for such anisotropies exists for representations of multi-floor buildings. In contrast, evidence regarding open spaces is indecisive. Our study aimed at further enhancing the under...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-018-5337-9
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual stimuli undetected by normal subjects as a result of masking procedures can nonetheless activate response preparation in motor areas and yield a motor response. An unanswered question is whether the same holds for undetected subliminal stimuli that are not responded to. To answer this question, in this study no...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0825-8
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study examines the modulation of the motion-onset response based on the frequency-range of sound stimuli. Delayed motion-onset and stationary stimuli were presented in a free-field by sequentially activating loudspeakers on an azimuthal plane keeping the natural percept of externalized sound presentation. ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-018-5329-9
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We employed binocular magnetic search coils to study the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) of 15 human subjects undergoing passive, whole-body rotations about a vertical (yaw) axis delivered as a series of pseudorandom transients and sinusoidal oscillations at frequenci...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00005639
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study by our group showed that the scaling of reach trajectories to target size is independent of conscious visual awareness of that intrinsic target property (Binsted et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:12669-12672, 2007). The present investigation sought to extend previous work and determine whether uncons...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1385-x
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In three monkeys made hemianopic by unilateral striate cortical ablation, in one normal monkey and in a human hemianope (GY), we measured reaction times to chromatic targets presented in the normal hemifield as a function of prior chromatic primes in the blind field. The first of our three tasks showed an unspecific p...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1521-6
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes two models of human behavior when detecting displacements of joints that allow one to compare and integrate findings from different proprioception tests in a quantitative way. Results from various tests have led to different and often conflicting conclusions about proprioceptive behaviors and the...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00227954
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported that electrical stimulation in LC or NRM when tested on the activity of a multireceptive neurone in the spinal cord produced similar inhibitory actions. The present study aimed to define the pathways that mediate this descending inhibitory action in the spinal cord by pharmacological means ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237586
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated a double-label 2-DG protocol and method of analysis in which sequential injections of 3H- and 14C-2-DG were used to map brain metabolism during two distinct experimental treatments in the same animal. In initial studies, brain sections from rats given only 3H-2-DG or only 14C-2-DG were exposed on Ultro...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00270687
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to function properly, namely to ensure a stable retinal image under all circumstances, it should be able to take into account varying eye positions in the orbit and varying orientations of the head with respect to the axis about which it is rotating. We tested this capability by q...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238215
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The time course of the microglial cell reaction in central nervous system primary sensory projection territories has been examined following peripheral nerve injury in the adult rat using qualitative and quantitative analysis of immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody OX-42, which recognises the complement recep...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230435
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smooth eye pursuit is believed to involve the integration of an extraretinal signal formed by an internal representation of the moving target and a retinal signal using the visual feedback to evaluate performance. A variation of the smooth eye pursuit paradigm (in which the moving target is occluded for a short period...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2887-5
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The startle reaction (SR) is usually understood as an involuntary reaction to an unexpected sensory input. However, there is evidence that the mechanisms involved in the SR contribute also to the execution of actions that we consider voluntary. We need to exert a fine control of the motor output, which usually involve...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1402-0
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate how the sensorimotor systems of eye and hand use position, velocity, and timing information of moving targets, we conducted a series of three experiments. Subjects performed combined eye-hand catch-up movements toward visual targets that moved with step-ramp-like velocity profiles. Visual feedback of th...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-2028-5
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research in the vestibular field has revealed the existence of a central process, called 'velocity storage', that is activated by both visual and vestibular rotation cues and is modified by gravity, but whose functional relevance during natural motion has often been questioned. In this review, we explore spatial orien...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2568-4
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal development of motor function was compared to that of cats with spinal transections at birth (newborn operates) or at approximately two weeks after birth (two week operates). Newborn operates expressed motor behavior not seen until sometime later in normal newborn cats, suggesting that this behavior is normally...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238857
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the alpha2 adrenergic agonist, clonidine, on the near complete cerebral ischemia (NCFI) evoked release of glutamate and aspartate from normo- and hyperglycemic rodent brain tissue using microdialysis tissue techniques. Hemodynamic variables, blood lactate,...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0064-4
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For an understanding of how various degrees of altered use (training, disuse) affect the properties of skeletal muscles, it is important to know how much they are used normally. The main aim of the present project was to produce such background knowledge for hindlimb muscles of the cat. In four adult female cats, each...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00005701
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The companion article (Sholomenko et al. 1991) described the brainstem locomoter regions in the bird where direct intracerebral injection of a number of putative excitatory neurochemicals, including cholinergic agonists, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and Substance P, evoke locomotion. Using the same experimental protoco...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231753
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study aimed to compare the ability of dance and non-dance subjects to perform fine control of a simple heel-raising/lowering movement, and to determine if there are any differences in motor unit activity in the primary plantar flexor muscles during the movement. Subjects were instructed to accurately track a sinus...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-017-5131-0
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During isometric contractions of the jaw muscles, oscillations in the rectified masseteric EMG record that are coherent with the mandibular force output are evident at ~8 Hz. We have investigated the load dependence of these oscillations under both force and EMG feedback conditions and the extent to which these oscill...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0144-5
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several recent studies indicate that saccades elicited in the absence of a visual target are slower than visually-guided movements of the same size. In addition, we have shown earlier that the slower saccades observed in two different paradigms had more asymmetrical (skewed) velocity profiles. Recently, it has been re...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00253624
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our previous studies showed that a fully extended finger, wrist, and elbow became a flexed phantom hand and arm with ischemic anesthesia, and vice versa (Inui et al. in J Physiol 589:5775-5784, 2011, Exp Brain Res 221:369-375, 2012a, Exp Brain Res 218:487-494, 2012b). It was anticipated that if the ankle and knee were...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3460-1
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using laminar field potential analysis, we examined responses elicited by both photic and optic nerve stimulations in 30 kittens of 0--65 days of age and in three adult cats. In adult cats, the response in the visual cortex on optic nerve stimulations is a wave complex which consists mainly of surface positive depth n...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236803
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC) was studied in monkeys trained to make visually guided eye or arm movements. Portions of DMFC are involved in the execution of learned, goal-directed behaviors. Many neurons discharge with both eye and hand movements as well as when motor responses are withheld, provided these behavio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00247300
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conspicuous nerve-cell assemblies, identified as the marginal nuclei described in other sauropsidans, were found all along the spinal cord of turtles. gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities were colocalized within these neurons, which also reacted positively to reduced nicotinamide a...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050499
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Earlier studies have suggested an impairment in the attention and eye movement control of children with ADHD. An important phenomenon in the control of attentional shifts and eye movements is the inhibition of return (IOR), which states that our brain works in a way that prevents our attention from returning to a spat...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-002-1362-8
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Horizontal DC-electrooculograms were recorded in subjects rotating on a horizontal turntable sinusoidally at 0.1 Hz and 35 to 40 degrees amplitude. The subjects either fixated a stroboscopically illuminated vertically striped pattern (1.15 to 3.45 degrees period) rotating with the turntable or initiated Sigma-OKN befo...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235311
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Head-fixed gaze shifts were evoked by electrical stimulation of the deeper layers of the cat superior colliculus (SC). After a short latency, saccades were triggered with kinematics similar to those of visually guided saccades. When electrical stimulation was maintained for more than 150-200 ms, postsaccadic smooth ey...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230420
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
