Abstract：
:Several cell motility processes including cytokinesis and cell locomotion are dependent on the interplay of the microtubule and actomyosin cytoskeletons. However, because such processes are essentially visual phenomena, interactions between the two cytoskeletal systems have been difficult to study quantitatively. To overcome this difficulty, we have developed the Xenopus oocyte as an inducible, quantitative model system for actomyosin-based cortical flow and then exploited the strengths of this system to assess the relationship between microtubules and cortical flow. As in other systems, oocyte cortical flow entails: (1) redistribution of cortical filamentous actin (f-actin); (2) a requirement for actomyosin; (3) redistribution of cell surface proteins; (4) a requirement for cell surface protein mobility; and (5) directed movement of cortical organelles. Cortical flow rate in the oocyte system is inversely proportional to the level of polymeric tubulin and microinjection of free tubulin has no effect on the rate of cortical flow. Enhancement of microtubule polymerization inhibits cortical f-actin cable formation during cortical flow. The effects of microtubule depolymerization on cortical flow are rapid, independent of transcription or translation, independent of effects on the oocyte intermediate filament system, and independent of the upstream stimulus for cortical flow. The results show that the microtubules themselves, or a factor associated with them, suppress cortical flow, either by mechanically resisting flow, or by modulating the actomyosin cytoskeleton.
journal_name
J Cell Scijournal_title
Journal of cell scienceauthors
Canman JC,Bement WMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-08-01 00:00:00pages
1907-17eissn
0021-9533issn
1477-9137journal_volume
110 ( Pt 16)pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Tetrahymena thermophila swims by the coordinated beating of hundreds of cilia that cover its body. It has been proposed that the outer arm dyneins of the ciliary axoneme control beat frequency, whereas the inner arm dyneins control waveform. To test the role of one of these inner arms, dynein heavy chain 7 protein (Dy...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.007369
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands undergo a complex series of processing events during their maturation to active signaling proteins. Like its mammalian homologs, the predominant Drosophila EGFR ligand Spitz is produced as a transmembrane pro-protein. In the secretory pathway, Spitz is cleaved within its...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.131169
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endonuclease G is a mitochondrial protein implicated in DNA fragmentation during apoptosis in cell types ranging from fungi to mammals. Features of programmed cell death have been reported in a number of single-celled organisms, including the human trypanosomatid parasites Leishmania and Trypanosoma. However, the prot...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.014050
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The repair of point mutations can be directed by modified single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides and regulated by cellular activities including homologous recombination, mismatch repair and transcription. Now, we report that DNA replication modulates the gene repair process by influencing the frequency with which either...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.01250
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endothelial cells are known to undergo transitions in cell shape during long-term culture. Thus, the assumption that the separate phenotypes of microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) recently isolated from bovine corpus luteum represent constitutively different cell strains cannot automatically be made. For this reaso...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An intriguing question in cell biology is what targets proteins to, and regulates their translocation between, specific cellular locations. Here we report that the polybasic nuclear localization sequence (NLS) required for nuclear entry of the adapter protein and candidate human obesity gene product SH2B1β, also local...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.078949
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway coordinates environmental and intracellular cues to control eukaryotic cell growth. As a pivot point between anabolic and catabolic processes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling has established roles in regulating metabolism, translation and autophagy. Hypera...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1242/jcs.222570
更新日期：2019-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure of a late endosomal compartment, which contains the bulk of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) in NRK cells, is documented using immunocytochemistry and cryo-sections, as well as conventional Epon sections. This compartment, which we refer to as the prelysosomal compartment (PLC), ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle regeneration and differentiation are not well understood. We analyzed the expression of connexins (Cxs) 40, 43 and 45 in normal and regenerating tibialis anterior muscle and in primary cultures of differentiating myoblasts in adult and newborn mice, respectively. Cxs...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.01553
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small latent TGF-beta consists of latency associated peptide (LAP) bound to the 25 kDa TGF-beta by noncovalent interactions. Small latent TGF-beta is secreted from cells and deposited into the extracellular matrix as covalent complexes with its binding proteins, LTBPs. Four LTBPs have been molecularly cloned and their...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adhesion between cells is established by the formation of specialized intercellular junctional complexes, such as desmosomes. Desmosomes contain isoforms of two members of the cadherin superfamily of cell adhesion proteins, desmocollins (Dsc) and desmogleins (Dsg), but their combinatorial roles in desmosome assembly a...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.146316
更新日期：2014-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that Xenopus oocytes, eggs, and early embryos contain lamins LII and LIII, and that portions of each are associated with distinct egg vesicle populations. We now report that a lamin similar or identical to the B-type lamin LI is also present in oocyte nuclei and in egg extracts. We have quanti...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The movement of cells in small groups, or clusters, was studied in vitro using epithelioid cells from Gordon-Kosswig melanomas (from poecelid fish) and time-lapse cinemicrography. Tumour explants cultured on glass yield cell sheets from which groups of cells separate and become independently motile clusters. These clu...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endothelial permeability induced by thrombin and histamine is accompanied by actin stress fibre assembly and intercellular gap formation. Here, we investigate the roles of the Rho family GTPases Rho1, Rac1 and Cdc42 in regulating endothelial barrier function, and correlate this with their effects on F-actin organizati...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytoplasmic linker proteins (CLIPs) bind to microtubules and are proposed to link this cytoskeletal network to other intracellular structures. We are interested in CLIP-115, since this protein is enriched in neuronal dendrites and may operate in the control of brain-specific organelle translocations. Each CLIP monomer...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Annexins are cytosolic phospholipid-binding proteins that can be found on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The extracellular functions of annexin include modulating fibrinolysis activity and cell migration. Despite having well-described extracellular functions, the mechanism of annexin transport from the cyto...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.217034
更新日期：2018-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Onconase is an RNase with a very specific property because it is selectively toxic to transformed cells. This toxin is thought to recognize cell surface receptors, and the protection conferred by metabolic poisons against Onconase toxicity indicated that this RNase relies on endocytic uptake to kill cells. Nevertheles...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.03427
更新日期：2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Macroautophagy is a dynamic process whereby portions of the cytosol are encapsulated in double-membrane vesicles and delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is concentrated on autophagic vesicles and recruits effector proteins that are crucial for this process. The produc...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.080341
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative experimental data from studies of intracellular processing and transport of secretory and membrane proteins are only rarely evaluated using kinetic modelling. Instead, the analysis of such data is usually limited to calculating either the apparent half-life or the transit time. Neither of these parameters...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vertebrate oocytes proceed through the first and the second meiotic division without an intervening S-phase to become haploid. Although DNA replication does not take place, unfertilized oocytes acquire the competence to replicate DNA one hour after the first meiotic division by accumulating an essential factor of the ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.166553
更新日期：2015-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Class-V myosins are two-headed actin-based mechanoenzymes that function in the transport and subcellular localization of organelles and possibly in the outgrowth of cellular processes. To determine which domains of myosin-V are involved in intracellular localization of this motor protein, we have expressed fusions of ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis (also known as Giardia lamblia) is a major waterborne pathogen. During its life cycle, Giardia alternates between the actively growing trophozoite, which has two diploid nuclei with low levels of allelic heterozygosity, and the infectious cyst, which has four nuclei and a to...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.103879
更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several properties of cadherin-4 and cadherin-5 were characterized by using the cDNA transfection approach. The proteins of both cadherins had a relative molecular mass of about 130 kDa and were present at the cell periphery, especially at cell-cell contact sites. These cadherins were easily digested with trypsin, and...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interactions between different cell types can induce distinct contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) responses that are hypothesised to control population-wide behaviours during embryogenesis. However, our understanding of the signals that lead to cell-type specific repulsion and the precise capacity of heterotypic CI...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.223974
更新日期：2019-05-31 00:00:00
abstract：:During anaphase-I in crane-fly spermatocytes, sister half-bivalents separate and move to opposite poles. When we irradiate a kinetochore spindle fibre with an ultraviolet microbeam, the associated half-bivalent temporarily stops moving and so does the partner half-bivalent with which it was paired during metaphase. To...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Agrin, a 200 kDa extracellular matrix protein, participates in the maturation of the postsynaptic target at the neuromuscular junction. Although agrin has also been detected in central neurons, little is known about its role in the formation of their synapses. In the present study, the pattern of expression, localizat...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When a Euglena gracilis in a Ca2+-containing medium is impaled with a microelectrode, the flagellum is instantly ejected. In a Ca2+-free medium to which 1 mM EGTA has been added, the flagellum remains attached to the organism, but it loses activity upon impalement. Externally added ATP at a concentration of 10 mM will...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutrophils enter sites of inflammation by crossing the endothelial lining of the blood vessel wall. VE-cadherin is an endothelial specific, homophilic adhesion molecule located at the lateral cell surface. We have generated a monoclonal antibody against mouse VE-cadherin which inhibits electrical resistance of endoth...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous study we demonstrated that a homeobox peptide corresponding to the 60 amino acid long DNA-binding region of the Drosophila antennapedia homeo-protein was capable of crossing the plasma membrane of cells in culture. This finding has led us to investigate whether chimeric molecules encompassing the homeobo...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are transporters that exchange sodium and proton ions across the plasma membrane at the expense of their chemical gradient. In higher eukaryotes these transporters exist as multiple specialized isoforms. For example, NHE1, the ubiquitously expressed form is a major pH-regulating system whereas...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
