Abstract:
:Röntgen's description of his discovery of x rays was convincing and comprehensive. The response of the scientific community and public was immediate and intense. In contrast, the discovery of radioactivity was a muddled affair that excited little interest. While it would prove far more revolutionary than that of x rays, the discovery of radioactivity began, in the words of Alfred Romer, as something of a dead horse. There it lay, too big to ignore, but what did you do with it? Even the discoverer, Henri Becquerel, left it to decay and went on to pursue other interests. For various reasons, others chose to investigate: Marie and Pierre Curie in France, William Crookes in England, and Ernest Rutherford in Canada. But it was Frederick Soddy, a young chemist with a fascination for alchemy, who, together with Rutherford, revealed the true nature of radioactivity: transmutation.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Frame PWdoi
10.1097/00004032-199605000-00001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-01 00:00:00pages
614-20issue
5eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159journal_volume
70pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::In June 2006, the Radiation Studies Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held a workshop to explore rapid methods of facilitating radiological triage of large numbers of potentially contaminated individuals following detonation of a radiological dispersal device. Two options were discussed. The fir...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/hp.0b013e3182351660
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Throughout 53 years of operations, an estimated 29,300 TBq of tritium were released to the atmosphere at the Livermore site of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); about 75% of this was released as tritium gas primarily in two accidental releases. A tritium dose reconstruction was undertaken to chronicle bot...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000310998.38314.f3
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary objectives of two companion manuscripts were to assess the natural history of delayed radiation-induced lung injury in a nonhuman primate model of acute high-dose, partial-body irradiation with 5% bone marrow sparing, to include the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological evidence and the effect of N...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000968
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new 241Am lung monitoring system without shielding was devised by using an imaging plate system. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's realistic torso phantom containing a 241Am lung was covered by imaging plates sealed in lightproof bags. The imaging plate system displayed 241Am lung images characteristic of...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000258917.88579.a3
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electromagnetic interference with critical medical care devices has been reported by various groups. Previous studies have demonstrated that volumetric and syringe pumps are susceptible to false alarm buzzing and blocking when exposed to various electromagnetic sources. The risk of electromagnetic interference depends...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000183559.25124.5d
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many reports discuss plant growth stimulation by exposure of seeds or plants to low doses of ionizing radiation. The reported effects include increased height, weight, growth rate, flowering and yield. The magnitude of the effect(s) is usually small, being about 10% of control values; and the effects often are not rep...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-198705000-00012
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unventilated 70 m underground space, with 2.1 m high ceilings and an inner set of concrete walls to damp vibrations, was discovered to have relatively stable radon levels of ~1,080 Bq m over a 1-y period. The addition of radium sources was not required to achieve high and somewhat variable radon levels, as these ar...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001047
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most effective countermeasure for radioiodine contamination of milk is to provide dairy animals with uncontaminated feed, with the added advantage that it will be effective for other radionuclides in the fallout. Another effective response is to process the milk into storable dairy products for an appropriate leng...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199611000-00005
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::ISO standard 4037 specifies that for calibrating protection level dosimeters, scattered radiation should contribute less than 5% of the exposure. In previous work, the authors reported the results of an MCNP analysis of the shadow shield technique that was performed for a calibration range with a Cs irradiator. This p...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182259a98
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Commission on Radiological Protection system of radiological protection is based on three pillars: science, ethical and social values, and experience. As far as ethics and the protection of humans are concerned, the system combines the values of beneficence/non-maleficence, prudence, justice, and dig...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000438
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monte Carlo simulation techniques using a Monte Carlo N-Particle code (MCNP5) analyzed six Source Production & Equipment Co., Inc., Se industrial radiography sources to determine an appropriate air kerma rate constant for Se, factoring in source encapsulation and compared to a theoretical approximation. Based on this ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e318284592c
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The threat of radiation exposure from warfare or radiation accidents raises the need for appropriate animal models to study the acute and chronic effects of high dose rate radiation exposure. The goal of this study was to assess the late development of fibrosis in multiple organs (kidney, heart, and lung) in survivors...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000357
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-six white male workers who did the original plutonium research and development work at Los Alamos have been examined periodically over the past 50 y to identify possible health effects from internal plutonium depositions. Their effective doses range from 0.1 to 7.2 Sv with a median value of 1.25 Sv. As of the e...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199710000-00004
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electret passive environmental 222Rn monitor (E-PERM) is an extension of electret dosimeters used for measurement of x and gamma radiation. An E-PERM consists of a small cup or canister, having an electret at the bottom, and a filtered inlet at the top. The 222Rn gas entering through the filter and the decay produ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198801000-00002
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of laboratory animal retinal exposure to green monochromatic laser radiation show an increasing stability of tissue with increasing pulse duration up to 10(-1) s. This mechanism of biological response of the eye to light damage is fundamental to living systems. It does not manifest itself in animals under deep...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-198905000-00004
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of the 222Rn concentrations in 106 homes in the four main towns of the Central Asturias region was carried out over three years. A total of 1,014 measurements was obtained using passive radon charcoal canisters. The 222Rn concentrations fit a log-normal distribution law, with a geometric mean of 23 Bq m(-3). ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199605000-00010
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the 1986 Chernobyl event, large amounts of radioactive materials were deposited in nearby areas. Concentrations of various radionuclides were measured in air and surface soil. To study the resuspension of radioactive particulate, three different exposure situations were developed on the basis of the collecte...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199701000-00010
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This document was prepared as a review of the current knowledge of tritium metabolism and dosimetry. The physical, chemical, and metabolic characteristics of various forms of tritium are presented as they pertain to performing dose assessments for occupational workers and for the general public. For occupational worke...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-199312000-00003
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emergency responders from the Department of Energy are trained regularly to assess the environmental consequences of a radiological or nuclear incident. While drills and exercises are highly effective tools in rehearsing for an emergency, the accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants presented real-world...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31824c5ae4
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Western Canada, there are many plants that process natural gas to remove impurities (CO2, H2S, H2O) and recover natural gas liquids (propane, butane, etc.). Trace quantities of 222Rn present in the inlet stream are concentrated in streams rich with propane. Potential hazards to plant operators include direct inhala...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199007000-00016
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nationwide radon survey was conducted to provide data on the annual average indoor radon concentration in Korean homes. This survey also provided data on the variation of radon concentration with season, house type, and building age. The arithmetic mean (AM) of annual radon concentration in Korean homes was 53.4 +/-...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200303000-00008
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::For efficiently measuring ultraviolet transmission through clothing materials for a large number of samples, an automated measuring system with a broad-band method has been built and calibrated against a spectroradiometer based instrument. The apparatus can be used to test 60 samples in 25 min. A selection of clothing...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199702000-00008
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In November 2007, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health Hospital Disaster Preparedness Program State Expert Panel on Radiation Emergencies issued a report titled The Management of Patients in a Radiological Incident. Gundersen Lutheran Health System was selected to conduct a demonstration project to implement the re...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181de4270
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evaluation of the dose rate distributions from radioactive sources, together with the specific detector locations with respect to those sources, in many cases presents a significant analytical challenge. With the exception of a few, simple source-detector geometries, it is not possible to find an analytical expres...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3182295943
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In case of acute exposure to ionizing radiation, the dose absorbed by the victims has to be rapidly and accurately assessed in order to choose an appropriate medical treatment. Tooth enamel and bone biopsies measured by EPR spectrometry are often used as dose indicators, due to the good radiation sensitivity and the s...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000346334.78268.31
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model describing the dynamics of lymphopoiesis in mammals continuously exposed to ionizing radiation has been developed. It is based on the theory of chalone regulation of hematopoiesis. The model comprises a system of nine differential equations. Results from the model were compared with our experiment...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199107000-00009
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An evaluation was performed to determine the distribution of radiation dose received by vascular/interventional radiologists, hence forth called radiologists, to their hands and arms during interventional radiology procedures. During 87 patient procedures, measurements were made using thermoluminescent dosimeters to d...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199902001-00011
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As in the past, the principle role of the scientist in the courtroom is to assist attorneys, judges, and jurors in understanding the complex scientific and technical issues before them. In the last decade, however, changes in the law and the increasing technical complexity of many disputes have introduced new factors ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200109000-00008
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calculations of absorbed doses in organs of the human body and the total effective dose due to Cs in soil as a source of external exposure are presented in this work. Calculations were done using the MCNP-4B software package. The assumption was made that photons with an energy of 662 keV are emitted in a cylindrical v...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000214136.56619.2d
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following a radiation emergency, evacuated, sheltered or other members of the public would require monitoring for external and/or internal contamination and, if indicated, decontamination. In addition, the potentially-impacted population would be identified for biodosimetry/bioassay or needed medical treatment (chelat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31821dd9a2
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00