Abstract：
:The phylogenetic relationships among the major groups of amniote vertebrates remain a matter of controversy. Various alternatives for the position of the turtles have been proposed, branching off either before or after the mammals. To discover the phylogenetic position of turtles in relation to mammals and birds, we have determined cDNA sequences for the eye lens proteins alpha A- and alpha B-crystallin of the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). In addition, databases were searched for turtle protein sequences, for which mammalian, avian, and outgroup orthologs were available. All sequences were analyzed by three phylogenetic tree reconstruction methods (neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood). Including the alpha-crystallins, 7 out of 12 proteins support a sister-group relation of turtles and birds with all 3 methods. For each of the other five proteins no topology was consistently preferred by the three approaches. Analyses of the combined amino acid data (1,695 aligned sites) also give extremely strong evidence that turtles are nearer to birds, indicating that mammals branched off before the divergence between turtles and birds occurred.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Caspers GJ,Reinders GJ,Leunissen JA,Wattel J,de Jong WWdoi
10.1007/BF02352288subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-01 00:00:00pages
580-6issue
5eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Hemoglobin Vancouver is a new abnormal hemoglobin with an amino acid substitution of the normal aspartyl residue 73 of the beta chain by a tyrosyl residue. It was discovered in a man of Chinese descent in association with beta thalassemia. It was subsequently detected in a sister in association with normal Hb A. The o...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006293
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006229
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00160400
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-006-0093-z
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00186546
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01659163
更新日期：1972-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0076-5
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00000066
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02100041
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006486
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02099931
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
