Abstract:
:Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time of flight mass spectrometry was used to detect and order DNA fragments generated by Sanger dideoxy cycle sequencing. This was accomplished by improving the sensitivity and resolution of the MALDI method using a delayed ion extraction technique (DE-MALDI). The cycle sequencing chemistry was optimized to produce as much as 100 fmol of each specific dideoxy terminated fragment, generated from extension of a 13-base primer annealed on 40- and 50-base templates. Analysis of the resultant sequencing mixture by DE-MALDI identified the appropriate termination products. The technique provides a new non-gel-based method to sequence DNA which may ultimately have considerable speed advantages over traditional methodologies.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Roskey MT,Juhasz P,Smirnov IP,Takach EJ,Martin SA,Haff LAdoi
10.1073/pnas.93.10.4724subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-05-14 00:00:00pages
4724-9issue
10eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A complex system (CS) is defined as a set of elements, with connections between them, singled out of the environment, capable of getting information from the environment, capable of making decisions (i.e., of choosing between alternatives), and having purposefulness (i.e., an urge towards preferable states or other go...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.13.5774
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the contribution to immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity made by recombination between variable region (VH) genes and joining region (JH) genes, we have determined the sequence of about 2000 nucleotides spanning the rearranged JH gene cluster associated with the VH gene expressed in plasmacytoma HPC76. The a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.1.509
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) production in cultured mononuclear cells from 36 seropositive homosexual males. Production was detected by using an HIV p24 antigen ELISA assay in blood mononuclear cells in 54% of asymptomatic, 71% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex, and 100% of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.2.675
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the cerebellar cortex in motor learning was investigated by comparing the paramedian lobule of adult rats given difficult acrobatic training to that of rats that had been given extensive physical exercise or had been inactive. The paramedian lobule is activated during limb movements used in both acrobatic ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5568
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer is a genetic disease caused by genomic instability. In many cancers, this instability is manifested by chromosomal reconfigurations and karyotypic complexity. These features are particular hallmarks of the epithelial cancers that are some of the malignancies most resistant to long term control by current chemot...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0405578102
更新日期:2005-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Studies by several investigators have shown that 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is an extraordinarily potent stimulator of differentiation of cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro. In the present study, TPA was administered to humans by i.v. infusion without irreversible toxicity, and it was...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5357
更新日期:1998-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Using a forward-mutation assay based on the inactivation of the tetracycline-resistance gene located on plasmid pBR322, we have determined the mutation spectrum induced in Escherichia coli by cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)], a widely used antitumor drug. Cisplatin is known to form mainly intrastrand diadd...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.11.3758
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Absorbance changes of C-550 and cytochrome b(559), and fluorescence-yield changes were measured during irradiation of chloroplasts at -196 degrees . The photo-reduction of C-550 proceeded more rapidly than the photo-oxidation of cytochrome b(559), and the fluorescence-yield change had similar kinetics to the cytochrom...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.11.3420
更新日期:1972-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene encodes a cytokine whose activities have been implicated in many immunopathological processes, including the activation and differentiation of lymphocytes. Originally identified as a monocyte factor, our studies and those of others have demonstrated that B and T l...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.24.12198
更新日期:1992-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Compulsive behavior is a debilitating clinical feature of many forms of neuropsychiatric disease, including Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, eating disorders, and autism. Although several studies link striatal dysfunction to compulsivity, the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1308195110
更新日期:2013-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Mosquitoes transmit devastating human diseases because they need vertebrate blood for egg development. Metabolism in female mosquitoes is tightly coupled with blood meal-mediated reproduction, which requires an extremely high level of energy consumption. Functional analysis has shown that major genes encoding for enzy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619326114
更新日期:2017-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::A mutant factor IX, designated factor IXCambridge, was isolated from a patient with hemophilia B. This protein includes an 18-residue propeptide attached to the NH2 terminus of factor IX. A point mutation at residue -1, from an arginine to a serine, precludes cleavage of the propeptide by a processing protease and int...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.16.5803
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The murine-virus-infected erythroleukemia cell system provides an opportunity to examine regulatory mechanisms controlling cytodifferentiation. A cloned cell line (DR10c3) resistant to the erythropoiesis-inducing effect of dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO) was isolated from the Me2SO-sensitive line DS19. DR10c3 is characteriz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.4.1232
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Awareness that our planet is a self-supporting biosphere with sunlight as its major source of energy for life has resulted in a long-term historical fascination with the workings of self-supporting ecological systems. However, the studies of such systems have never entered the canon of ecological or evolutionary tools...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1904326116
更新日期:2019-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::A series of anti-human placental uracil DNA glycosylase monoclonal antibodies was used to screen a human placental cDNA library in phage lambda gt11. Twenty-seven immunopositive plaques were detected and purified. One clone containing a 1.2-kilobase (kb) human cDNA insert was chosen for further study by insertion into...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8693
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tissue-specific transcriptional coactivator OCA-B is required for antigen-dependent B cell differentiation events, including germinal center formation. However, the identity of OCA-B target genes involved in this process is unknown. This study has used large-scale cDNA arrays to monitor changes in gene expression ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1033108100
更新日期:2003-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Zif268, a zinc finger protein whose mRNA is rapidly activated in cells exposed to growth factors or other signaling agents, is thought to play a role in regulating the genetic program induced by extracellular ligands. We report that Zif268 has one of the characteristics of a transcriptional regulator, namely, sequence...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.22.8737
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared private and social decision making to investigate the neural underpinnings of the effect of social comparison on risky choices. We measured brain activity using functional MRI while participants chose between two lotteries: in the private condition, they observed the outcome of the unchosen lottery, and in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1073/pnas.1100892108
更新日期:2011-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::The NOVH protein belongs to the emerging CCN [Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Cyr61/Cef10, nephroblastoma overexpressed gene] family of growth regulators sharing a strikingly conserved multimodular organization but exhibiting distinctive functional features. Two members of the family (CYR61 and CTGF) are posit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.3.869
更新日期:1999-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial regulatory small RNAs act as crucial regulators in central carbon metabolism by modulating translation initiation and degradation of target mRNAs in metabolic pathways. Here, we demonstrate that a noncoding small RNA, SdhX, is produced by RNase E-dependent processing from the 3'UTR of the sdhCDAB-sucABCD ope...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1815288116
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how institutional changes within academia may affect the overall potential of science requires a better quantitative representation of how careers evolve over time. Because knowledge spillovers, cumulative advantage, competition, and collaboration are distinctive features of the academic profession, both...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1121429109
更新日期:2012-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::The matrix of second derivatives of 21 apparent local energy minima of deca-L-alanine has been computed. The results show that all these conformations are true local energy minima and, therefore, potentially stable conformations for this peptide. Calculations of the relative statistical weights of these conformations ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.2.242
更新日期:1969-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A common complaint among pain patients is that they lose their appetite. These accounts are anecdotal, however, and the neural mechanism underlying pain-induced loss of appetite remains unknown. In this study, we documented the occurrence of appetite loss in patients under migraine attack and investigated the neuronal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.171616898
更新日期:2001-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::A line of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice expressing the human diabetes-associated HLA-DQ8 transgene in the absence of mouse IAbeta failed to show spontaneous insulitis or diabetes, but rather developed dilated cardiomyopathy, leading to early death from heart failure. Pathology in these animals results from an organ- an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2235552100
更新日期:2003-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::The ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) protein plays a central role in sensing and responding to DNA double-strand breaks. Lymphoid cells are unique in undergoing physiologic double-strand breaks in the processes of Ig class switch recombination and T or B cell receptor V(D)J recombination, and a role for ATM in thes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611222104
更新日期:2007-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of reproduction of deep-sea bacteria from six different capture depths between 1957 and 10,476 meters was studied as a function of temperature and pressure. The results showed the following: the true deep-sea bacteria of different depths have several characteristics, presumably evolutionally derived, distingu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.24.9542
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a cognate ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) receptor, mediates neuronal survival, differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. However, BDNF has a poor pharmacokinetic profile that limits its therapeutic potential. Here we report the identification of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0913572107
更新日期:2010-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::The neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene responsible for von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis is related to regulators of ras proteins, and a portion of NF1 that is homologous to the ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) encodes a similar GTPase-stimulating activity. We have raised rabbit antisera to a bacterially synthe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.22.9914
更新日期:1991-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Prochlorococcus is an abundant marine cyanobacterium that grows rapidly in the environment and contributes significantly to global primary production. This cyanobacterium coexists with many cyanophages in the oceans, likely aided by resistance to numerous co-occurring phages. Spontaneous resistance occurs frequently i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1420347112
更新日期:2015-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::There has been recent experimental support for efficiency wage theories of the labor market. This short paper initiates the larger process of evaluating the boundary conditions of the gift- exchange phenomenon. In particular, we will see whether behavior consistent with the fair wage-effort hypothesis can emerge and b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.152449999
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00