Phylogeny from function: evidence from the molecular fossil record that tRNA originated in replication, not translation.

abstract：:Future nuclear arms reduction efforts will require technologies to verify that warheads slated for dismantlement are authentic without revealing any sensitive weapons design information to international inspectors. Despite several decades of research, no technology has met these requirements simultaneously. Recent wor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vavrek JR,Henderson BS,Danagoulian A

更新日期：2018-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear spin relaxation is a powerful method for studying molecular dynamics at atomic resolution. Recent methods development in biomolecular NMR spectroscopy has enabled detailed investigations of molecular dynamics that are critical for biological function, with prominent examples addressing allostery, enzyme cataly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lundström P,Mulder FA,Akke M

更新日期：2005-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Parinaric acid (9,11,13,15-octadecatetraenoic acid), a conjugated tetraene fatty acid, undergoes a second-order photochemical reaction in phospholipid bilayers. The reaction results in the loss of the characteristic absorption of this chromophore and the development of new absorption demonstrating the presence of a tr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morgan CG,Hudson B,Wolber PK

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A tremendous amount of radioactivity was discharged because of the damage to cooling systems of nuclear reactors in the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant in March 2011. Fukushima and its adjacent prefectures were contaminated with fission products from the accident. Here, we show a geographical distribution of radio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kinoshita N,Sueki K,Sasa K,Kitagawa J,Ikarashi S,Nishimura T,Wong YS,Satou Y,Handa K,Takahashi T,Sato M,Yamagata T

更新日期：2011-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The polymerization of deoxynucleoside triphosphates, catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase from calf thymus gland, is strongly inhibited by various metal chelators. The reaction appears to be first order with respect to enzyme, deoxynucleoside triphosphate, and initiator, indicating that there is only one...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang LM,Bollum FJ

更新日期：1970-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Examples of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras over a field, whose antipodes have arbitrary even orders >/=4 as mappings, are furnished. The dimension of the Hopf algebra is q(n+1), where the antipode has order 2q, q >/= 2, and n is an arbitrary positive integer. The algebras are not semisimple, and neither they nor the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taft EJ

更新日期：1971-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a system for gene expression in plants based on the regulation mechanism of the yeast metallothionein (MT) gene. The system consists of two elements: (i) the yeast ace1 (activating copper-MT expression) gene encoding a transcription factor under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA promot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mett VL,Lochhead LP,Reynolds PH

更新日期：1993-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hebb proposed that neuronal cell assemblies are critical for effective perception, cognition, and action. However, evidence for brain mechanisms that coordinate multiple coactive assemblies remains lacking. Neuronal oscillations have been suggested as one possible mechanism for cell assembly coordination. Prior studie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Canolty RT,Ganguly K,Kennerley SW,Cadieu CF,Koepsell K,Wallis JD,Carmena JM

更新日期：2010-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-directed mutagenesis of selected residues of mammalian protein phosphatase 1 (PP-1) has been carried out to further define the mechanism of catalysis, activation by divalent cations, and inhibition by toxins and inhibitory proteins. Mutation of active site residues predicted to bind metals (N124D and H248N) resul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang HB,Horiuchi A,Goldberg J,Greengard P,Nairn AC

更新日期：1997-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to colored slides contained a late positive component that was significantly enhanced when adults recognized the person, place, or painting in the photograph. Additionally, two late components change in amplitude, corresponding to the amount of surprise reported. Because subjects ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neville H,Snyder E,Woods D,Galambos R

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrogen trifluoride (NF(3)) has potential to make a growing contribution to the Earth's radiative budget; however, our understanding of its atmospheric burden and emission rates has been limited. Based on a revision of our previous calibration and using an expanded set of atmospheric measurements together with an atm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arnold T,Harth CM,Mühle J,Manning AJ,Salameh PK,Kim J,Ivy DJ,Steele LP,Petrenko VV,Severinghaus JP,Baggenstos D,Weiss RF

更新日期：2013-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The structural features that determine tRNA(Ala) acceptor identity have been studied with amber-suppressor tRNAs in Escherichia coli cells. Previous work established that a wobble pair composed of guanosine at position 3 and uridine at position 70 (G3-U70) in the acceptor helix of tRNA(Ala) is a determinant of the mol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McClain WH,Foss K,Jenkins RA,Schneider J

更新日期：1991-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell tumors are characterized by inversions or translocations of chromosome 14. The breakpoints of these karyotypic abnormalities occur in chromosome bands 14q11 and 14q32--the same bands in which the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha-chain and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes have been mapped, respectively. Patients with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baer R,Heppell A,Taylor AM,Rabbitts PH,Boullier B,Rabbitts TH

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The domestication of cultivated barley has been used as a model system for studying the origins and early spread of agrarian culture. Our previous results indicated that the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinity is one of the centers of domestication of cultivated barley. Here we reveal multiple origins of domesticated bar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dai F,Chen ZH,Wang X,Li Z,Jin G,Wu D,Cai S,Wang N,Wu F,Nevo E,Zhang G

更新日期：2014-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of in vitro resistance to HN2 (also called mustargen or mechlorethamine hydrochloride), N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU), and cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] was achieved in two human cell lines, the Raji/Burkitt lymphoma and a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. A 10- to 20-fol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frei E 3rd,Cucchi CA,Rosowsky A,Tantravahi R,Bernal S,Ervin TJ,Ruprecht RM,Haseltine WA

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclonic atmospheric vortices of varying intensity, collectively known as low-pressure systems (LPS), travel northwest across central India and produce more than half of the precipitation received by that fertile region and its ∼600 million inhabitants. Yet, future changes in LPS activity are poorly understood, due in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sandeep S,Ajayamohan RS,Boos WR,Sabin TP,Praveen V

更新日期：2018-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Nations in the 21st century face a complex mix of environmental and social challenges, as highlighted by the on-going Sustainable Development Goals process. The "planetary boundaries" concept [Rockström J, et al. (2009) Nature 461(7263):472-475], and its extension through the addition of social well-being indicators t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cole MJ,Bailey RM,New MG

更新日期：2014-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:A mutant of E. coli defective in DNA polymerase II activity was isolated. Extracts had about 0.1% of the normal activity of the DNA polymerase. The effect of the mutation on the ability of cells to replicate DNA of various sources was analyzed. Mutant bacteria grow normally, at 41 degrees as well as at 30 degrees . Al...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirota Y,Gefter M,Mindich L

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Are judicial rulings based solely on laws and facts? Legal formalism holds that judges apply legal reasons to the facts of a case in a rational, mechanical, and deliberative manner. In contrast, legal realists argue that the rational application of legal reasons does not sufficiently explain the decisions of judges an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Danziger S,Levav J,Avnaim-Pesso L

更新日期：2011-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:August-Copenhagen-Irish (ACI) rats are unique in that the ovary-intact females develop high incidence of mammary cancers induced solely by hormones upon prolonged exposure to high levels of estrogen alone. Studies have also shown that such prolonged exposure to high-dose estrogen results in human-like aneuploid mammar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blank EW,Wong PY,Lakshmanaswamy R,Guzman R,Nandi S

更新日期：2008-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular mechanism of desensitization of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), the NO receptor, has long remained unresolved. Posttranslational modification and redox state have been postulated to affect sGC sensitivity to NO but evidence has been lacking. We now show that sGC can be S-nitrosylated in primary aortic sm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sayed N,Baskaran P,Ma X,van den Akker F,Beuve A

更新日期：2007-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation plays an important role in pathological angiogenesis. Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is highly expressed in inflammatory cells and is known to play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation; however, a comprehensive description of its role in angiogenesis remai...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ueta T,Ishihara K,Notomi S,Lee JJ,Maidana DE,Efstathiou NE,Murakami Y,Hasegawa E,Azuma K,Toyono T,Paschalis EI,Aihara M,Miller JW,Vavvas DG

更新日期：2019-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Although proteins generally fold to their thermodynamically most stable state, some metastable proteins populate higher free energy states. Conformational changes from metastable higher free energy states to lower free energy states with greater stability can then generate the work required to perform physiologically ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chandrasekhar K,Ke H,Wang N,Goodwin T,Gierasch LM,Gershenson A,Hebert DN

更新日期：2016-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Spontaneous cross-linking in vitro, during incubation of purified collagen in nonstriated and native type fibrils, was studied to elucidate the relationship between intra and intermolecular cross-links. In nonbanded fibrils, the aldol condensation products of two allysyl residues, previously shown to constitute the in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kang AH,Gross J

更新日期：1970-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to green space has been associated with better physical and mental health. Although this exposure could also influence cognitive development in children, available epidemiological evidence on such an impact is scarce. This study aimed to assess the association between exposure to green space and measures of c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dadvand P,Nieuwenhuijsen MJ,Esnaola M,Forns J,Basagaña X,Alvarez-Pedrerol M,Rivas I,López-Vicente M,De Castro Pascual M,Su J,Jerrett M,Querol X,Sunyer J

更新日期：2015-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal excretion of water and major electrolytes exhibits a significant circadian rhythm. This functional periodicity is believed to result, at least in part, from circadian changes in secretion/reabsorption capacities of the distal nephron and collecting ducts. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying circ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zuber AM,Centeno G,Pradervand S,Nikolaeva S,Maquelin L,Cardinaux L,Bonny O,Firsov D

更新日期：2009-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinal prosthetics offer hope for patients with retinal degenerative diseases. There are 20-25 million people worldwide who are blind or facing blindness due to these diseases, and they have few treatment options. Drug therapies are able to help a small fraction of the population, but for the vast majority, their bes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nirenberg S,Pandarinath C

更新日期：2012-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Excessive activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) leads to NAD(+) depletion and cell death during ischemia and other conditions that generate extensive DNA damage. When activated by DNA strand breaks, PARP1 uses NAD(+) as substrate to form ADP-ribose polymers on specific acceptor proteins. These polymers a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ying W,Sevigny MB,Chen Y,Swanson RA

更新日期：2001-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Branched polyethylenimine (PEI) chains with an average molecular mass of 2 kDa (PEI2) have been covalently attached to gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and the potency of the resulting PEI2-GNPs conjugates as vectors for the delivery of plasmid DNA into monkey kidney (COS-7) cells in the presence of serum in vitro has been ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas M,Klibanov AM

更新日期：2003-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The cat-86 gene in plasmid pPL603 specifies chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and is selectively expressed in Bacillus subtilis at a stage in sporulation in which internal spores are first observed (approximately T8). The gene is unexpressed in vegetatively growing cells. cat-86 expression and spore formation ar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mongkolsuk S,Lovett PS

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00