A mutant of Escherichia coli defective in DNA polymerase II activity.

abstract：:Worldwide, 90% of HIV-1 infections are transmitted heterosexually. Because the genital mucosa are the sites of initial contact with HIV-1 for most exposed individuals, study of the virus from the genital tract is critical for the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Previous analyses of HIV-1 in various tissues h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kemal KS,Foley B,Burger H,Anastos K,Minkoff H,Kitchen C,Philpott SM,Gao W,Robison E,Holman S,Dehner C,Beck S,Meyer WA 3rd,Landay A,Kovacs A,Bremer J,Weiser B

更新日期：2003-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The p53 protein is an attractive target for immunotherapy, because mutations in the p53 gene are the most common genetic alterations found in human tumors. These mutations result in high levels of p53 protein in the tumor cell, whereas the expression level of wild-type p53 in nonmalignant tissue is usually much lower....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roth J,Dittmer D,Rea D,Tartaglia J,Paoletti E,Levine AJ

更新日期：1996-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary base sequence of the protein coding regions of the four small heat shock genes of Drosophila melanogaster present at cytological locus 67B has been determined. A single open reading frame large enough to encode a small heat shock protein is found for each gene. The molecular weights of the predicted protei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ingolia TD,Craig EA

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The successful treatment of cancer by boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) requires the selective concentration of boron-10 within malignant tumors. The potential of liposomes to deliver boron-rich compounds to tumors has been assessed by the examination of the biodistribution of boron delivered by liposomes in tumor-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shelly K,Feakes DA,Hawthorne MF,Schmidt PG,Krisch TA,Bauer WF

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their charac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frantz LAF,Haile J,Lin AT,Scheu A,Geörg C,Benecke N,Alexander M,Linderholm A,Mullin VE,Daly KG,Battista VM,Price M,Gron KJ,Alexandri P,Arbogast RM,Arbuckle B,Bӑlӑşescu A,Barnett R,Bartosiewicz L,Baryshnikov G,Bons

更新日期：2019-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian rhythms describe biological phenomena that oscillate with an approximately 24-hour cycle. These rhythms include blood pressure, body temperature, hormone levels, the number of immune cells in blood, and the sleep-wake cycle. In this paper, we will focus on common genes between species that are responsible fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ishida N,Kaneko M,Allada R

更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies show that plant organ positioning may be mediated by localized concentrations of the plant hormone auxin. Auxin patterning in the shoot apical meristem is in turn brought about by the subcellular polar distribution of the putative auxin efflux mediator, PIN1. However, the question of what signals determ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jönsson H,Heisler MG,Shapiro BE,Meyerowitz EM,Mjolsness E

更新日期：2006-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:We explore the question of what are the best ligands for macromolecular targets. A survey of experimental data on a large number of the strongest-binding ligands indicates that the free energy of binding increases with the number of nonhydrogen atoms with an initial slope of approximately -1.5 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.18 J...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kuntz ID,Chen K,Sharp KA,Kollman PA

更新日期：1999-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATM gene is mutated in the syndrome of ataxia telangiectasia (AT), associated with neurologic dysfunction, growth abnormalities, and extreme radiosensitivity. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is a cell surface receptor with tyrosine kinase activity that can mediate mitogenesis, cell transformation, a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peretz S,Jensen R,Baserga R,Glazer PM

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat liver polysomal RNA was translated in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate and in the wheat germ cell-free protein-synthesizing systems, using [(35)S]methionine as label. The catalase (hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) that was synthesized was isolated by immunoprecipitation and characteri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Robbi M,Lazarow PB

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A glucose-responsive "closed-loop" insulin delivery system mimicking the function of pancreatic cells has tremendous potential to improve quality of life and health in diabetics. Here, we report a novel glucose-responsive insulin delivery device using a painless microneedle-array patch ("smart insulin patch") containi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu J,Zhang Y,Ye Y,DiSanto R,Sun W,Ranson D,Ligler FS,Buse JB,Gu Z

更新日期：2015-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most fundamental functions of the brain is to predict upcoming events on the basis of the recent past. A closely related function is to signal when a prediction has been violated. The identity of the brain regions that mediate these functions is not known. We set out to determine whether they are implemente...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meyer T,Olson CR

更新日期：2011-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The virulent properties of the common human and livestock pathogen Clostridium perfringens are attributable to a formidable battery of toxins. Among these are a number of large and highly modular carbohydrate-active enzymes, including the mu-toxin and sialidases, whose catalytic properties are consistent with degradat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Adams JJ,Gregg K,Bayer EA,Boraston AB,Smith SP

更新日期：2008-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is an initial barrier to tumor development. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for oncogenic Ras OIS, but the downstream effectors to mediate ROS signaling are still relatively elusive. Senescent cells develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the mec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang P,Han L,Shen H,Wang P,Lv C,Zhao G,Niu J,Xue L,Wang QJ,Tong T,Chen J

更新日期：2014-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoaminergic neurons use dopa decarboxylase (DDC; aromatic-L-amino-acid carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.28) to form dopamine from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa). We measured regional dopa decarboxylase activity in brains of six healthy volunteers with 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa and positron emission tomography. We calculate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gjedde A,Reith J,Dyve S,Léger G,Guttman M,Diksic M,Evans A,Kuwabara H

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The central structural feature of natural proteins is a tightly packed and highly ordered hydrophobic core. If some measure of exquisite, native-like core packing is necessary for enzymatic function, this would constitute a significant obstacle to the development of novel enzymes, either by design or by natural or exp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Axe DD,Foster NW,Fersht AR

更新日期：1996-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular beacons are FRET-based target-activatable probes. They offer control of fluorescence emission in response to specific cancer targets, thus are useful tools for in vivo cancer imaging. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cell-killing process by light activation of a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zheng G,Chen J,Stefflova K,Jarvi M,Li H,Wilson BC

更新日期：2007-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA hybridization was used to compare representatives of the major groups of marsupials and a eutherian outgroup. Because of the large genetic distances separating marsupial families, trees were calculated from normalized percentages of hybridization; thermal-melting statistics, however, gave identical topologies for ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirsch JA,Dickerman AW,Reig OA,Springer MS

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite significant infiltration into tumors and atherosclerotic plaques, the role of T lymphocytes in these pathological conditions is still unclear. We have demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and plaque-infiltrating lymphocytes (PILs) produce heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peoples GE,Blotnick S,Takahashi K,Freeman MR,Klagsbrun M,Eberlein TJ

更新日期：1995-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A natural (evolutionary) classification is provided for 242 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif-containing proteins. Phylogenetic analyses of amino acid sequences describe the patterns of evolutionary change within the motif and delimit evolutionary lineages. These evolutionary lineages represent well known functional...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Atchley WR,Fitch WM

更新日期：1997-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Defending cellular integrity against disturbances in intracellular concentrations of ATP ([ATP](i)) is predicated on coordinating the selection of substrates and their flux through metabolic pathways (metabolic signaling), ATP transfer from sites of production to utilization (energetic signaling), and the regulation o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruiz-Stewart I,Tiyyagura SR,Lin JE,Kazerounian S,Pitari GM,Schulz S,Martin E,Murad F,Waldman SA

更新日期：2004-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein 2.1 is a 210-kilodalton protein that connects erythrocyte spectrin to the NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain of band 3 and thereby functions as the essential linkage between the membrane skeleton and the bilayer. We cleaved this protein into specific chemical domains by limited digestion with trypsin and alpha-ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wallin R,Culp EN,Coleman DB,Goodman SR

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metazoan embryogenesis is controlled by a limited number of signaling modules that are used repetitively at successive developmental stages. The development of social amoebas shows similar reiterated use of cAMP-mediated signaling. In the model Dictyostelium discoideum, secreted cAMP acting on 4 cAMP receptors (cARs1-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kawabe Y,Morio T,James JL,Prescott AR,Tanaka Y,Schaap P

更新日期：2009-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Childhood exposure to low-level lead can permanently reduce intelligence, but the neurobiologic mechanism for this effect is unknown. We examined the impact of lead exposure on the development of cortical columns, using the rodent barrel field as a model. In all areas of mammalian neocortex, cortical columns constitut...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wilson MA,Johnston MV,Goldstein GW,Blue ME

更新日期：2000-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic crossing over in flies heterozygous for a dominant Minute mutant may result in two cells, homozygous for wild type and Minute, respectively. If both cells took part in development, a twin spot of two genotypes, different from the rest of the body, would result. Two-hundred wild type spots were found, none of w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stern C,Tokunaga C

更新日期：1971-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) and sialyl Lewis a (sLe(a)) glycans are expressed on highly metastatic colon cancer cells. They promote extravasation of cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis via interacting with E-selectin on endothelial cells. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been noted as a critical pheno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sakuma K,Aoki M,Kannagi R

更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an oncogenic herpesvirus, encodes two small RNAs (EBERs) that are expressed at high levels during latent transformation of human B lymphocytes. Here we report that a 15-kDa cellular protein called EAP (for EBER associated protein), previously shown to bind EBER1, is in fact the ribosomal prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toczyski DP,Matera AG,Ward DC,Steitz JA

更新日期：1994-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:We have obtained long-term cultures of differentiated proliferating follicular cells from normal adult human thyroid glands. In vitro growth of such human cells has been sustained by a modified F-12 medium, supplemented with bovine hypothalamus and pituitary extracts and no added thyrotropin. Cultures have been expand...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Curcio F,Ambesi-Impiombato FS,Perrella G,Coon HG

更新日期：1994-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal divisions to support spermatogenesis throughout life. Although several positive regulators of SSC self-renewal have been discovered, little is known about the negative regulators. Here, we report that F-box and WD-40 domain protein 7 (FBXW7), a component of the Skp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kanatsu-Shinohara M,Onoyama I,Nakayama KI,Shinohara T

更新日期：2014-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cactus, a Drosophila homologue of I kappa B, binds to and inhibits Dorsal, a homologue of the p50 and p65 components of NF-kappa B. We describe experiments in yeast with various Dorsal and Cactus derivatives showing that Cactus blocks the DNA binding and nuclear localization functions of Dorsal. In contrast, Dorsal's ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lehming N,McGuire S,Brickman JM,Ptashne M

更新日期：1995-10-24 00:00:00