Abstract：
:In the context of an analysis concerning factors of importance for the relative contributions of recruitment and rate gradation of muscle force, the distribution of electrical excitability was analyzed for medial gastrocnemius (MG) motoneurones of rat and cat. The experimental data came from previously collected intracellular measurements in animals anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. Electrical excitability was measured as the threshold (nanoamperes) for single spike generation (rheobase) in rat and for maintained repetitive firing (rhythmic threshold) in cat. Furthermore, the data included measurements of axonal conduction velocity and of contractile properties of the muscle units innervated by the studied motoneurones. The units were categorized into types S (slow-twitch, fatigue-resistant), FR (fast-twitch, fatigue-resistant) and FF (fast-twitch, fatiguable) on the basis of the combined criteria of twitch-speed and sensitivity to fatigue. We confirmed that, in spite of the presence of normal-looking symmetrical distributions of axonal conduction velocity, there was a positive skew in the distribution of electrical excitability (relatively high numbers of cells with low thresholds, few with high ones). Within each unit category (S, FR, FF), we ranked the motoneurones according to their relative electrical excitability and calculated the threshold difference between consecutive cells ("threshold spacing"). In accordance with the skewed distribution of electrical excitability, we found that the mean threshold spacing was ranked in the same way as the mean thresholds, i.e. S < FR < FF; the statistical analysis showed that, for cats as well as rats, small threshold spacing steps were significantly more common for S than for FF motoneurones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Bakels R,Kernell Ddoi
10.1007/BF00232439subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
69-74issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Postural reactions to disruptions of stance are rapid and automatic in both quadrupeds and bipeds. Current evidence suggests that these postural responses are generated by the central nervous system as patterns involving muscle synergies. This study attempted to test this hypothesis of a centrally generated postural m...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237411
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of musical expertise on sensitivity to asynchrony for drumming point-light displays, which varied in their physical characteristics (Experiment 1) or in their degree of audiovisual congruency (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 repetitions of three tempos x three accents x nine audiovisual d...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1817-2
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to determine the responses of paraventricular nucleus neurones following activation of central serotonergic pathways, single unit activity was recorded and responses following electrical stimulation of the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus were examined. Excitation was recorded from approximately 50% of the cells...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228913
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lateral and medial thalamus are traditionally thought to have separate roles in pain processing, with lateral lemniscal regions transmitting discriminative information about location and intensity, while medial nonspecific regions are involved in emotional responses. Contrary to this view, the present study shows that...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228914
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of foot position and foot orientation on asymmetrical body weight loading and the inter- and intra-foot coordination dynamics of standing postures. The participants were instructed to stand with the feet side-by-side and in staggered and tandem positions with the right foot oriented at diffe...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3627-9
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the course of an in vivo intracellular labeling study, a chandelier (axo-axonic) cell was completely filled with biocytin in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Chandelier cells are known to provide GABAergic terminals exclusively to the axon initial segment of pyramidal cells. The lateral extent and laminar dis...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230934
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has demonstrated that negative affect influences attentional processes. Here, we investigate whether pre-experimental negative affect predicts a hypervigilant neural response as indicated by increased event-related potential amplitudes in response to neutral and positive visual stimuli. In our study,...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4544-x
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central conduction time is the time for an afferent volley to traverse the central pathways of a sensory system. In the present study, central auditory conduction time (CACT) was calculated for the rat, the first such formal measurement in any animal. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded simultan...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228892
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saccade characteristics in response to moving and stationary targets were studied in three monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that had been trained to look at a target, which after an initial jump either remained in place or moved forward or backward with constant velocity (10 degrees /s). Eye movements were recorded using a se...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-2070-3
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The flexion reflex modulation pattern was investigated in nine people with a chronic spinal cord injury during stepping using body weight support on a treadmill and manual assistance by therapists. Body weight support was provided by an upper body harness and was adjusted for each subject to promote the best stepping ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1854-x
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous study, we assessed the synchronous neural interactions (SNI) in a developing neural network in brain cultures on multielectrode arrays (Christopoulos et al. in J Neural Eng 9:046008, 2012). Here, we report on the effects of apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) on these neural interactions. We carried out six experi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4270-4
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied cognitive functions related to processing sensory and motor activities in the basal ganglia (BG), specifically in the putamen and in cortical structures forming the BG-frontocortical circuits. Intracerebral recordings were made from 160 brain sites in 32 epilepsy surgery candidates. We studied P3-like poten...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-1901-6
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most studies of rapid orienting gaze shifts generated by combined eye and head movements have focused on an experimental condition in which gaze displacements are started with the subject's eyes in the normal straight-ahead position in the orbit. Such an experimental approach does not permit a clear identification of ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230204
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence suggests that there are positive effects of exercise on learning and memory. Moreover, some studies have demonstrated that forced exercise plays the role of a stressor. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of different timing of exercise and exercise withdrawal on memory, and serum and hippocampa...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4349-y
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors inadvertently submitted a wrong figure part for publication. Figure 8b should be as follows. ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s00221-018-5429-6
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previous computer simulation study of overarm throws in 2D showed that reversal of elbow torque by antagonist muscle action late in the throw led to increased wrist flexion velocity and to increased ball speeds. We tested the hypothesis that the skill of making fast overarm throws in 3D involves deceleration (brakin...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-2258-1
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The survival of grafts of dissociated allogeneic fetal neural dopamine (DA) rich tissue in the striatum has been studied after transplantation between inbred strains of mice differing at defined immunogenetical loci between donor and recipient. Six to 7 weeks and 15 weeks after grafting, surviving grafted DA neurons w...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00253636
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We explored the effects of sensory information upon procedural learning using three versions of the serial reaction-time task (SRTT): a standard task where the position of the stimulus cued the response; a non-standard task where the color of the stimulus was related to the correct response; and a combined task where ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002210000673
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that the deficit in understanding others' intention in autism depends on a malfunctioning of the mirror system. This malfunction could be due either to a deficit of the basic mirror mechanism or to a disorganization of chained action organization on which the mirror understanding of others' inten...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1578-3
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that rearing rabbits in a stroboscopically illuminated environment results in a decrease in orientation and direction selectivity and an increase in responsivity to stroboscopic stimuli among neurons in area 17. In the present study, the critical period for susceptibility to these effects w...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00239202
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developmental changes in the human brain coincide with and underlie changes in a wide range of motor and cognitive abilities. Neuroimaging studies have shown that musical training can result in structural and functional plasticity in the brains of musicians, and that this plasticity is greater for those who begin trai...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0619-z
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of bilateral focal cooling of dorsolateral thoracic spinal cord on segmental reflex pathways to the triceps surae muscles were assessed in decerebrate cats from the reflex forces produced by single shocks or trains of electrical stimuli applied to the ipsilateral caudal cutaneous sural and the contralatera...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230042
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual receptive field properties of neurons in the region of the thalamic internal medullary lamina were studied in alert cats while they fixated in various directions. In slightly more than 50% of the cells, the responsiveness of the cells was found to depend on the location of the stimulus with respect to the head-...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237535
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous study of the heat grill illusion, sensations of burning and stinging were sometimes reported when the skin was cooled by as little as 2 degrees C. Informal tests subsequently indicated that these nociceptive sensations were experienced if cooling occurred when the stimulating thermode rested on the skin,...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-002-1280-9
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This longitudinal study, extending over 12 months, assessed the behavioural and biochemical effects of hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth (HSI) into the partially denervated hippocampus. Male Long-Evans rats received fimbria-fornix lesions (FIFO) or sham operations at 90 days of age. At the same time half of the rats fr...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230648
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports on experiments in which the effect of disconnection of association fibres from Area 17/18 to the posterior suprasylvian cortex (PSSC) was investigated. In the control experiments, all neurons had large receptive fields in the central 5-10 degrees of the visual field without detailed retinotopy. In t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235537
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vection is the illusion of self-motion in the absence of real physical movement. The aim of the present study was to analyze how multisensory inputs (visual and auditory) contribute to the perception of vection. Participants were seated in a stationary position in front of a large, curved projection display and were e...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3793-9
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neuronal responsiveness to three-dimensional (3D) motion in cat posteromedial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) cortex was studied using a computer-controlled, stereoscopic 3D graphic display capable of reproducing the major visual cues for natural 3D motion, including motion disparity, size, texture, and shading change...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050509
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of visual contextual illusions on motor behaviour vary largely between experimental conditions. Whereas it has often been reported that the effects of illusions on pointing and grasping are largest when the movement is performed some time after the stimulus has disappeared, the effect of a delay has hardly...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4520-5
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The specificity of adaptation of vestibulo-ocular reflex direction was examined by exposing cats to combined pitch vestibular rotation and horizontal optokinetic motion at 0.25 Hz, while alternating body position between lying on the left side and lying on the right. The direction of optokinetic motion relative to hea...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00247045
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
