Abstract:
:In the lateral septal area (LSA), both inhibitory and excitatory dopamine (DA) actions, as well as hypothalamic and midbrain DA efferents, have been described. Some neurons of the hypothalamic and midbrain DA systems contain somatostatin (SOM) or neurotensin (NT), and, in the LSA, the distribution of fibers containing these peptides overlaps with DA fibers. These data prompted us to test for the presence of SOM and NT in LSA dopaminergic axon terminals of hypothalamic and midbrain origins. To verify the origins of SOM and NT innervation of the LSA, the retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) was injected into the LSA, and alternate brain sections were immunostained for SOM, NT, or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in group 1 rats. Numerous retrogradely labeled neurons were found immunopositive for SOM in the periventricular and basolateral hypothalamus, many HRP-WGA labeled cells contained NT immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area, and TH-immunoreactive retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in both brain areas. In a new approach, the presence of these peptides in dopaminergic boutons was assessed by combining peptide immunocytochemistry with acute 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced lesioning of DA cell groups. These groups of rats were treated with desipramine to protect the noradrenergic fibers, and 45 min later 1 microgram 6-OHDA (in 0.5 microliter saline) was unilaterally injected into the periventricular hypothalamus (group 2) or the ventral tegmental area (group 3). After 48 h the rats were killed and alternate septal sections of both groups were immunostained for TH, SOM, or NT. On the operated side of the LSA in both groups, electron microscopy revealed numerous axon terminals that were immunopositive for TH and contained autophagous cytolysosomes, an early sign of catecholamine fiber degeneration induced by 6-OHDA. In group 2, phagosome-containing boutons were found immunopositive for SOM, but not for NT; vice versa, in group 3, only NT-positive degenerated boutons were detected. SOM- and NT-positive degenerated axon terminals in both groups formed synaptic contacts with LSA neurons, in particular with somatospiny cells. On the contralateral side of the LSA, all of the axon terminals were intact. It has been shown that SOM exerts an inhibitory action, whereas NT has an excitatory effect on limbic area neurons. Thus, the results implicate that the differential peptide content of dopamine fibers marks their functional differences. It appears that LSA neurons receive double innervation from an inhibitory "somatostatinergic" DA system of the hypothalamus, and from an excitatory "neurotensinergic" DA system of the midbrain.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Jakab RL,Leranth Cdoi
10.1007/BF00229030subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
420-30issue
3eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We investigated a double-label 2-DG protocol and method of analysis in which sequential injections of 3H- and 14C-2-DG were used to map brain metabolism during two distinct experimental treatments in the same animal. In initial studies, brain sections from rats given only 3H-2-DG or only 14C-2-DG were exposed on Ultro...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00270687
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed the effects of operant conditioning of the H-reflex on motoneuron axonal conduction velocity in the rat. After measurement of the control H-reflex size, rats were either exposed for at least 40 days to the HRup or HRdown conditioning mode, in which reward occurred only if the soleus H-reflex was gr...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000608
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study aimed to compare the ability of dance and non-dance subjects to perform fine control of a simple heel-raising/lowering movement, and to determine if there are any differences in motor unit activity in the primary plantar flexor muscles during the movement. Subjects were instructed to accurately track a sinus...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5131-0
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Through an experimental study of the stability properties of the human neuromuscular system while it performs simple point-to-point arm movements, this paper evaluates the concepts of equilibrium and virtual trajectories as a means of executing movement of the arm. Human subjects grasped the instrumented handle of a t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228024
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Optimal levels of noise stimulation have been shown to enhance the detection and transmission of neural signals thereby improving the performance of sensory and motor systems. The first series of experiments in the present study aimed to investigate whether subsensory electrical noise stimulation applied over the tric...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2983-6
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The excitability of the corticospinal motor pathways to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be differentially modulated by a variety of motor tasks. However, there is emerging evidence that linguistic tasks may alter excitability of the corticospinal motor pathways also. In this study we evaluated the effect o...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1648-5
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the effects of declined accommodation on reading performance in non-native and native languages. Eighteen native Japanese speakers participated: eight presbyopes and ten non-presbyopes. In the experiment, participants were asked to scan, or sequentially read six-word items presented in two-line...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05588-x
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study documents a bilateral projection from nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) to the rostral aspect of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) in rabbits. Horseradish peroxidase injections in rostral MVN produced retrogradely labeled neurons in the caudal half of NRTP; caudal MVN injections produced negative...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237207
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successfully picking up and handling objects requires taking into account their physical properties (e.g., material) and position relative to the body. Such features are often inferred by sight, but it remains unclear to what extent observers vary their actions depending on the perceived properties. To investigate thi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4631-7
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inter-limb learning transfer (ILT) between the upper-limbs has been well documented, but no corresponding study of the lower limbs has been done. We investigated ILT in the lower limbs of subjects who learned to move a cursor toward targets within 800 ms using ankle movements: plantar/dorsi-flexion and inversion/evers...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1547-x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dual task paradigms can be used to examine the interactions between cognition and the control of posture and gait. Measuring and interpreting changes in dual task performance is challenging, however, because many factors can influence performance. This study examined the effects of instructed focus and walking task di...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2429-6
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The total number of granule cells in the dentate gyrus was estimated in 17 male rats, four each aged 30, 120, and 200 days, and five aged 365 days. There is a substantial 35-43% linear increase between 1 month and 1 year. Two parameters of the granular layer are involved in the numerical change. First, total granular ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238626
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the influence of passive restraint on postural activity and motion sickness in individuals who actively controlled a potentially nauseogenic visual motion stimulus (a driving video game). Twenty-four adults (20.09 ± 1.56 years; 167.80 ± 7.94 cm; 59.02 ± 9.18 kg) were recruited as participants. Using elasti...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3609-y
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently argued that the specific compensation of spatial neglect by manipulating neck proprioceptive and vestibular input is due to a central "correction" of the disturbed neural transformation process converting the afferent input coordinates from the peripheral sensory organs into a central representation of ego...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231791
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial frequency tuning and the contrast-response function of striate neurons in Siamese cats were investigated with drifting sinusoidal gratings of high contrast, and the results were compared to the data obtained in normally pigmented cats. The optimal spatial frequency of the tuning curves obtained from Siames...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236278
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Saccadic eye movements made to remembered locations in the dark show a distinct up-shift in macaque monkey, and slight upward bias in humans (Gnadt et al. 1991). This upward bias created in the visual spatial mapping of a saccade may be translated downstream in a hand/touch movement. This error could possibl...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2033-8
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bradykinin is an endogenous nonapeptide known to induce pain and hyperalgesia to heat and mechanical stimulation. Correspondingly, it excites nociceptors in various tissues and sensitizes them to heat, whereas sensitizing effect on the mechanical response of nociceptors is not well established. Protein kinase C and TR...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1814-5
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhythmic auditory cues aim to modulate step times while walking. Their effect on the variability of minimum foot clearance, which is "normally" the most controlled gait parameter in normal overground walking, has not been studied, yet. We aim to analyse the effects of auditory cues on the variability of foot clearance...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4754-x
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The behavioral relevance of neuronal activity in primate area MT for motion perception and control of visually guided eye movements is well documented. The projections of area MT comprise connections to subcortical structures and to the parietal network, both of which play a role in visuospatial transformation for gui...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1771-z
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In situ hybridization was used to study the expression of prepro-neuropeptide Y (NPY), preprosomatostatin (SOM), preprotachykinin (PPT) and preprocholecystokinin (CCK) mRNA in caudate-putamen and frontoparietal cortex of rat brain with unilateral lesion of midbrain dopamine neurons. Neurons expressing NPY and SOM mRNA...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227990
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Encoding of visual target location in extrapersonal space requires convergence of at least three types of information: retinal signals, information about orbital eye positions, and the position of the head on the body. Since the position of gaze is the sum of the head position and the eye position, inaccuracy of spati...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00241543
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to identify cholinergic neurons of the brain stem which project to the forebrain, retrograde labeling of neurons in the brain stem was examined by autoradiography following injections of 20 microCi [3H]choline into the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain and frontal cortex. After injections into the ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236317
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study (Rossi et al. 2001) implied the absence of figure-ground based contextual modulation in macaque V1, in contrast to the study on which it was modelled (Zipser et al. 1996). We suggest that Rossi et al. may have underestimated the extent of modulation by considering only positive and not also negative mod...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1847-8
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to define the relative contribution of self-generated cutaneous and proprioceptive feedback to haptic shape discrimination by systematically constraining the exploratory strategy. Subjects (n = 23) explored pairs of two-dimensional (2-D) angles (standard angle, 90 degrees; comparison angles, ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0728-8
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In anaesthetized cats (chloralose-urethan) the effects of brief tetanic electrical stimulation (50 to 100 ms) of the mesencephalic central gray matter and reticular formation on the inspiratory on-switch were studied during the expiratory (E) phase on the gross and unitary activities of phrenic, laryngeal inspiratory ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237270
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to clarify the functional role of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and its rostral part (pre-SMA) in relation to the rate of repetitive finger movements, we recorded movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) directly from the surface of the mesial frontal lobe by using subdural electrode grids implanted ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000519
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the post-train effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor evoked potential (MEP) size and cortical silent period (SP) duration. rTMS was delivered over the primary motor cortex in trains of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 stimuli in normal subjects at rest and in trains of 5, 10 and 2...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0638-9
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In convergent strabismus (esotropia) the spatial asynchrony of the two eye inputs unbalances the interocular interactions, leading to the functional advantage of the nondeviated eye and the inhibition of the esotropic eye. It may be argued that the strabismic suppression, if it is the effect of inhibitory interactions...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1190-x
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective attempts to characterize postural control in subjects with cerebellar (Cb) pathology have focused primarily on sagittal plane responses to static standing, semi-dynamic standing, and platform perturbation. Repeated, dynamic, functional movement may provide a better opportunity to study the effects of ataxia ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002219900291
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Goal-directed movements are commonly used to allow humans to interact with their environment. When making a goal-directed movement in a natural environment, there are many competing stimuli. It is therefore important to understand how making a goal-directed movement could be impacted by the need to divide attention be...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3880-6
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00