Disparate actions of hydroxyurea in potentiation of purine and pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside activities against replication of human immunodeficiency virus.

abstract：:Programmed death-1 (PD-1) regulates T cell exhaustion during chronic infections. Blocking the PD-1:PD-ligand (PD-L) pathway reinvigorates exhausted CD8 T cells. Exactly how blocking PD-1:PD-L interactions improves T cell immunity, however, remains unclear. PD-1:PD-L blockade could reprogram all exhausted T cells to be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blackburn SD,Shin H,Freeman GJ,Wherry EJ

更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Performance on the visual paired-comparison task depends on the integrity of the hippocampal formation in humans, monkeys, and, for an analogous task, in rats. The present study sought additional evidence in healthy volunteers concerning the nature of this task. We found that performance on the visual paired-compariso...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Manns JR,Stark CE,Squire LR

更新日期：2000-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficiently regenerated single colonies from mixed multiply auxotrophic Bacillus subtilis protoplasts, fused with polyethylene glycol, reveal colonies carrying each of the parent types (biparentals) and recombinant colonies. The latter appear in high yields (up to 1% of certain recombinant classes); the yield of bipar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hotchkiss RD,Gabor MH

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, bisindole alkaloids derived from the dimerization of the terpenoid indole alkaloids vindoline and catharanthine. Full elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds is a prerequisite for met...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liscombe DK,Usera AR,O'Connor SE

更新日期：2010-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Three preparations of purified papain-solublized HL-A antigens have been radiolabeled by reductive methylation using formaldehyde and potassium boro[3H]hydride, and their reaction with specific HL-A antisera has been investigated. Greater than 99 percent of the radioactivity in the [3H]HL-A2 preparation could be compl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parham P,Terhorst C,Herrmann H,Humphreys RE,Waterfield MD,Strominger JL

更新日期：1975-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle U1C protein has a zinc finger-like structure (C2H2 motif) at its N terminus, which is conserved from yeast to humans. Mutations of amino acid L13 within this domain rescue the essential function of the helicase protein Prp28p. Prp28p has been implicated in unwinding the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Du H,Tardiff DF,Moore MJ,Rosbash M

更新日期：2004-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Splenic lymphocytes from a Lewis rat, immunized with purified estradiol-receptor complex of calf uterine nuclei, were fused with cells of three different mouse myeloma lines (P3-X63-Ag8, P3-NSI/I-Ag4-1, and Sp2/0-Ag14) to yield hybridoma cultures, 9% of which produced antibodies to the receptor protein (estrophilin). ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greene GL,Fitch FW,Jensen EV

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An 125I-labeled synthetic analog of bovine parathyroid hormone, [8-norleucine,18-norleucine,34-tyrosine]PTH-(1-34) amide ([Nle]PTH-(1-34)-NH2), purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), was employed to label the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor in cell lines derived from PTH target tissues: the ROS 17/...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wright BS,Tyler GA,O'Brien R,Caporale LH,Rosenblatt M

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the defensive behavior of honeybees under controlled experimental conditions. During an attack on two identical targets, the spatial distribution of stings varied as a function of the total number of stings, evincing the classic "pitchfork bifurcation" phenomenon of nonlinear dynamics. The experimental...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Millor J,Pham-Delegue M,Deneubourg JL,Camazine S

更新日期：1999-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Inactivating mutations of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in both mice and humans leads to hyperphagia and obesity. To further examine the mechanisms whereby POMC-deficiency leads to disordered energy homeostasis, we have generated mice lacking all POMC-derived peptides. Consistent with a previously reported mode...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Challis BG,Coll AP,Yeo GS,Pinnock SB,Dickson SL,Thresher RR,Dixon J,Zahn D,Rochford JJ,White A,Oliver RL,Millington G,Aparicio SA,Colledge WH,Russ AP,Carlton MB,O'Rahilly S

更新日期：2004-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance in clinically important bacteria can be mediated by target protection mechanisms, whereby a protein binds to the drug target and protects it from the inhibitory effects of the antibiotic. The most prevalent source of clinical resistance to the antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) is expression of the Fus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tomlinson JH,Kalverda AP,Calabrese AN

更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells by increasing intracellular Ca(2+). Ca(2+) then binds to synaptotagmin-7 as a major Ca(2+) sensor for exocytosis, triggering secretory granule fusion and insulin secretion. In type-2 diabetes, insulin secretion is impaired; this impairment is ameliorated by glucagon-li...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu B,Wei S,Petersen N,Ali Y,Wang X,Bacaj T,Rorsman P,Hong W,Südhof TC,Han W

更新日期：2015-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The monoclonal antibodies (mAb) DA6.147, DA6.164, and HIG.48 against human Ia antigens, but not the W6/32 mAb against human class I major histocompatibility complex antigens or the anti-monocyte OKM1 and 63D3 mAb, stimulated monocytes to secrete interleukin 1 (IL-1). IL-1 was measured by its property of promoting the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Palacios R

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Appropriate expression of IL-2 plays a central role during the priming and differentiation of T cells. A tight balance between IL-2 and the effector cytokine IL-17A is essential for immune homeostasis. Epigenetic mechanisms have been documented as a key component of cytokine regulation during lineage commitment. The m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hedrich CM,Crispin JC,Rauen T,Ioannidis C,Apostolidis SA,Lo MS,Kyttaris VC,Tsokos GC

更新日期：2012-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The partial amino acid sequences of human T-cell growth factors (TCGFs) isolated from normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and from a leukemia T-cell line (Jurkat) show that the amino-terminal sequences of the two proteins (15 residues) are identical. Oligonucleotides based on the published Jurkat TCGF DNA sequence wer...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Clark SC,Arya SK,Wong-Staal F,Matsumoto-Kobayashi M,Kay RM,Kaufman RJ,Brown EL,Shoemaker C,Copeland T,Oroszlan S

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cumulative distributions of the number of doublings undergone by mixed megakaryocytic/erythroblastic colonies and by pure megakaryocytic colonies were determined from plasma clot cultures of bone marrow (from C57BL/6 mice) supplemented with erythropoietin. Analysis of these distributions suggests that these colonies a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paulus JM,Prenant M,Deschamps JF,Henry-Amar M

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cortical neurons combine the information ascending and descending the cortical hierarchy. In the classical view, this information is combined nonlinearly to give rise to a single firing-rate output, which collapses all input streams into one. We analyze the extent to which neurons can simultaneously represent mul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Naud R,Sprekeler H

更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent study showed that limited trypsin treatment of liposomes containing purified Electrophorus electricus sodium channels activates a sodium radiotracer flux. We now report that similarly treated sodium channels show voltage-gated, tetrodotoxin-sensitive and highly sodium-selective single-channel currents when in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shenkel S,Cooper EC,James W,Agnew WS,Sigworth FJ

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that the stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) brought about by tumor necrosis factor alpha and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate can be inhibited by adding N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). NAC, which replenishes intracellular glutathione, effectively inhibits the tumor necrosis factor alpha- or phorbol es...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roederer M,Staal FJ,Raju PA,Ela SW,Herzenberg LA,Herzenberg LA

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complement system is highly efficient in targeting pathogens, but lack of its apposite regulation results in host-cell damage, which is linked to diseases. Thus, complement activation is tightly regulated by a series of proteins, which primarily belong to the regulators of complement activation (RCA) family. Struc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Panwar HS,Ojha H,Ghosh P,Barage SH,Raut S,Sahu A

更新日期：2019-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:A gamma-trace variant protein is the major constituent of the amyloid fibrils in patients from Iceland with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. The protein consists of 110 residues and is similar to human urinary gamma-trace basic protein (or cystatin C) beginning at its 11th amino-terminal residue. It ha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ghiso J,Jensson O,Frangione B

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned one of the two human alpha-globin genes and report its complete nucleotide sequence. The gene is 832 base pairs (bp) long from the 5'-cap site to the 3'-polyadenylylation site. The amino acid coding sequences are separated into three segments (exons) by two short (117 and 140 bp) intervening sequences. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liebhaber SA,Goossens MJ,Kan YW

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When fibers of fibrin clots or fragments of fibrinogen pellets are negatively stained they exhibit in the electron microscope characteristic patterns of cross-striations or bands. Those found in pellet material are indistinguishable from those seen in thrombin-induced fibrin fibers. The pattern seen in fibrin from bov...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Williams RC

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Arabidopsis thaliana disease resistance genes RPS2 and RPM1 belong to a class of plant disease resistance genes that encode proteins that contain an N-terminal tripartite nucleotide binding site (NBS) and a C-terminal tandem array of leucine-rich repeats. RPS2 and RPM1 confer resistance to strains of the bacterial...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leister RT,Ausubel FM,Katagiri F

更新日期：1996-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective lodgement or homing of transplanted hemopoietic stem cells in the recipient's bone marrow (BM) is a critical step in the establishment of long-term hemopoiesis after BM transplantation. However, despite its biologic and clinical significance, little is understood about the process of homing. In the present s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Papayannopoulou T,Craddock C,Nakamoto B,Priestley GV,Wolf NS

更新日期：1995-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 is one of the leading worldwide public health concerns, causing large outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis as well as numerous small outbreaks and sporadic cases. The variability of restriction enzyme-digestion patterns of O157 genomes, which is widely used to distinguish strains in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohnishi M,Terajima J,Kurokawa K,Nakayama K,Murata T,Tamura K,Ogura Y,Watanabe H,Hayashi T

更新日期：2002-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:We have generated transgenic mice harboring a glycine-to-cysteine mutation in residue 85 of the triple helical domain of mouse type II collagen. The offspring of different founders displayed a phenotype of severe chondrodysplasia characterized by short limbs and trunk, cranio-facial deformities, and cleft palate. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garofalo S,Vuorio E,Metsaranta M,Rosati R,Toman D,Vaughan J,Lozano G,Mayne R,Ellard J,Horton W

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'furyl)-1-benzyl indazole] is an allosteric activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). YC-1 increases the catalytic rate of the enzyme and sensitizes the enzyme toward its gaseous activators nitric oxide or carbon monoxide. In other studies the administration of YC-1 to experimental animal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martin E,Lee YC,Murad F

更新日期：2001-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Tidal deltas are characterized by a dendritic network of distributaries that transport water and sediments to the ocean. Here, I show that the distributaries self-organize to uniformly redistribute the tidal prism across the entire delta system. The 2 opposite mechanisms of channel formation by avulsion and channel ab...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fagherazzi S

更新日期：2008-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A Raleigh, NC, population of Drosophila melanogaster was sampled for the presence of enzyme null alleles at 25 loci. No nulls were found at any of five X-linked loci. Nulls were recovered at 13 of 20 autosomal loci; the weighted mean frequency for all 20 autosomal loci was estimated to be 0.0025. A consideration of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Voelker RA,Langley CH,Brown AJ,Ohnishi S,Dickson B,Montgomery E,Smith SC

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00