Abstract:
:Bacillus cereus causes exotoxin-mediated diarrheal food poisoning. Hemolysin BL (HBL) is a well-characterized B. cereus toxin composed of three components (B, L1, and L2) that together possess hemolytic, cytotoxic, dermonecrotic, and vascular permeability activities. Here, we show that HBL causes fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops at a dose of 5 micrograms of each component per loop. Maximal fluid responses occurred for combinations of all three components at > or = 25 micrograms of each component per loop. Individual components and binary combinations did not cause significant fluid accumulation at 25 micrograms of each component. Specific antisera to HBL components inhibited the fluid accumulation response of crude culture supernatant from B. cereus F837/76. These antisera were tested against an antiserum to a partially characterized multicomponent diarrheal toxin described previously by Thompson et al. (N. E. Thompson, M. J. Ketterhagen, M. S. Bergdoll, and E. J. Shantz, Infect. Immun. 43:887-894, 1984). Immunoblot and immunoprecipitation analyses indicate that HBL and that toxin are identical. These results confirm previous speculation that HBL is a tripartite enterotoxin that, as for all of its other known activities, requires all three components for maximal activity.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Beecher DJ,Schoeni JL,Wong ACdoi
10.1128/IAI.63.11.4423-4428.1995subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-11-01 00:00:00pages
4423-8issue
11eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
63pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Changes in periodontal status are associated with shifts in the composition of the bacterial community in the periodontal pocket. The relative abundances of several newly recognized microbial species, including Filifactor alocis, as-yet-unculturable organisms, and other fastidious organisms have raised questions on th...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01727-14
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results of earlier investigations have indicated that the saprobic phase of Coccidioides immitis produces a heat-stable, 19-kDa antigen with serine proteinase activity which has been suggested to be specific for this pathogenic fungus. In the present study we have determined the N-terminal and partial internal amino a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.10.3994-4002.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the pH of the gingival crevice increases from below neutrality in health to above pH 8 in disease, we decided to investigate the effect of environmental pH on the growth and enzyme activity of Bacteroides gingivalis W50. Cells were grown in a chemostat under hemin-excess conditions over a range of pH values; sta...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.5.1096-1100.1988
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To produce chronic infection, microbial pathogens must escape host immune defenses. Infection with the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is typically chronic. To understand the mechanism by which C. neoformans survives in tissue after the infection of immunocompetent hosts, we systematically studied the ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.7.4225-4237.2000
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum C2 toxin has histopathological activity in the mouse intestine and induces fluid accumulation in intestinal loops. The toxin caused degenerative and necrotic changes in the intestinal mucosa: intracellular vacuolization of epithelial cells, desquamation and necrosis of the villous epithelium, intercellular e...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.43.1.54-58.1984
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans has emerged as a major cause of meningoencephalitis worldwide. Host response to the fungus involves both innate and adaptive immunity, but fungal genes that modulate these processes are poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrated attenuated virulence of a mutant of a virulence-a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00821-12
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tick saliva has potent immunomodulatory properties. In arthropod-borne diseases, this effect is largely used by microorganisms to increase their pathogenicity and to evade host immune responses. We show that in Lyme borreliosis, tick salivary gland extract and a tick saliva protein, Salp15, inhibit in vitro keratinocy...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00482-10
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bovine sera for tissue culture use were shown to contain heterophil antigen of the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn type by immune adherence hemagglutination tests with sera from patients with infectious mononucleosis. The antibody titers observed were comparable to those determined by two other methods; i.e., the immune adhere...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.3.923-927.1978
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium that can survive and multiply inside macrophages. One of the mechanisms by which B. pseudomallei escapes macrophage killing is by interfering with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). However, the bacterial components...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00285-07
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A crude complex containing group C polysaccharide, outer membrane proteins, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated from the cell-free culture liquid of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C, serotype 2a. Group C polysaccharide and LPS were removed from this complex, resulting in an outer membrane complex and a purifie...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.40.1.369-380.1983
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The stimulation of mononuclear phagocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is facilitated by the binding of complexes of LPS and LPS-binding protein to CD14. Although it is clear that CD14 is involved in LPS-induced signaling, other investigators have hypothesized the existence of additional signaling pathways in macrophag...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.10.4452-4461.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 antigen in patients suffering from recurrent cold sores and in a series of healthy controls. Paradoxically, all those subject to recurrent herpetic infections had, without exception, evidence of cell-mediated immunity to herpes antigens. This was demons...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.11.2.355-359.1975
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium perfringens type B and type C isolates, which produce beta-toxin (CPB), cause fatal diseases originating in the intestines of humans or livestock. Our previous studies demonstrated that CPB is necessary for type C isolate CN3685 to cause bloody necrotic enteritis in a rabbit ileal loop model and also showe...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00547-08
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eib genes of Escherichia coli encode surface-exposed proteins which bind immunoglobulins (Ig) such as the Fc fragment of human IgG (IgG Fc) in a nonimmune manner. The Eib proteins belong to a family which includes YadA of Yersinia, UspA2 of Moraxella, and DsrA of Haemophilus ducreyi. This family of surface-exposed...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.12.7293-7203.2001
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tularemia is caused by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Francisella tularensis Infection of macrophages and their subsequent death are believed to play important roles in the progression of disease. Because complement is a particularly effective opsonin for Francisella, we asked whether complement-dependent uptake...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00424-17
更新日期:2017-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::The role of cysteine proteinases in adherence of Trichomonas vaginalis NYH 286 to HeLa and human vaginal epithelial cells was evaluated. Only pretreatment of trichomonads, but not epithelial cells, with N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), an inhibitor of trichomonad cysteine proteinases, greatly dimin...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.10.2991-2997.1989
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces is an important virulence trait of pathogenic bacteria. Adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to the intestine is mediated by a number of antigenically distinct colonization factors (CFs). One of the most common CFs is CFA/I. This has a fimbrial structure composed ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.02006-05
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The host immune response plays an important role in the onset and progression of cerebral malaria (CM). The complement system is an essential component of the innate immune response to malaria, and its activation generates the anaphylatoxin C5a. To test the hypothesis that C5a signaling contributes to the pathogenesis...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01246-13
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We constructed the expression vector pSK-SCP containing the streptococcal exotoxin B gene (spe b) which expressed protease activity. We showed that the recombinant streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin B/streptococcal cysteine protease (rSPE B/SCP) was secreted into the culture supernatant of the transformant and retained i...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.7.3944-3947.2002
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conjugated polysaccharide vaccines protect against serogroup C meningococci. However, this approach cannot be applied to serogroup B, which is still a major cause of meningitis. We evaluated the immunogenicity of three surface-exposed proteins from serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (App, NhhA, and NadA) identified du...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.72.7.4052-4060.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infections greatly increase the mortality of influenza infections, we determined the relative roles of neutrophil-dependent and -independent mechanisms in increased susceptibility to S. pneumoniae during influenza infection. Mice infected with influenza for 6 days, but not 3 da...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00789-06
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MABs) specific for Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin were produced by fusion of P3X63Ag8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with purified enterotoxin. Wells containing hybridomas secreting immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against enterot...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.50.2.442-448.1985
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx), consisting of protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF), rapidly kills primary mouse macrophages and macrophage-like cell lines such as RAW 264.7. LF is translocated by PA into the cytosol of target cells, where it acts as a metalloprotease to cleave mitogen-activated protein kinase k...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.67.6.3055-3060.1999
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) gonorrhea, is a growing public health threat for which a vaccine is urgently needed. We characterized the functional role of the gonococcal MetQ protein, which is the methionine binding component of an ABC transporter system, and as...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00898-16
更新日期:2017-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::We developed an in vitro model to study the temperature-regulated cytotoxicity and intracellular growth of Mycobacterium haemophilum in cultured human epithelial and endothelial cells. M. haemophilum associated with human epithelial and endothelial cells at similar rates when incubated at 33 and 37 degrees C, but only...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.1.269-276.1996
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence that the bactericidal ability and the stimulated oxidative metabolism of leukocytes appear in parallel during fetal development of the Minnesota Miniature pig has been obtained by application of the techniques applied to studies of human cells. It was demonstrated that leukocytes from 87- to 90-day fetuses we...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.5.2.232-237.1972
更新日期:1972-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rat middle ear and lung clearance model has been used to show that the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 26-kDa outer membrane protein OMP26 is highly efficacious as a mucosal immunogen, inducing significantly enhanced clearance in immunized rats upon direct challenge of these two anatomic sites. Similarly, the c...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.8.4691-4699.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 120-kDa rickettsial outer membrane protein (rOmpB) is encoded by a gene with the capacity to encode a protein of approximately 168 kDa. The carboxy-terminal end of the molecule is apparently cleaved to yield 120- and 32-kDa products. Both polypeptides are surface exposed and remain associated with the outer membra...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.1.159-165.1992
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To analyze the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in bacterial cerebral infections, we studied cerebral listeriosis in IL-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice, the latter of which express high levels of IL-10 in both primary and secondary cerebral listeriosis. IL-10(-/-) mice succumbed to primary as well as s...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.7.4561-4571.2001
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Placenta-sequestering Plasmodium falciparum involved in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) in otherwise clinically immune women expresses particular variant surface antigens (VSA(PAM)) on the surface of infected erythrocytes that differ from VSA found in parasitized nonpregnant individuals (non-PAM...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.7.4112-4118.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00